酶-超声波法提取红薯茎叶中绿原酸的工艺研究

以红薯[Ipomoea batatas(L.) Lam]茎叶为原料,采用酶-超声波提取绿原酸.对料液比、加酶量、超声功率和超声时间进行了单因素和正交试验.确定绿原酸提取的最佳工艺为料液比1∶20、加酶量1.5％、超声波功率175W、提取时间20 min,在此条件下,绿原酸的提取率为3.45％.     

白骨壤的沙地育苗技术

白骨壤为红树林植物中的广布种、先锋树种,其沙地育苗技术尚未见报道,文章结合白骨壤的沙地育苗,总结了种子采集及处理、育苗基质、播种、苗期管理和炼苗出圃等技术要点.     

甘薯叶黄酮微波提取工艺的响应面法优化

用响应面法优化甘薯(Ipomoea batatas)叶黄酮的微波提取工艺,研究了微波功率、微波时间、乙醇体积分数、液固比4个因素对黄酮提取率的影响.并采用Box-Behnken设计对最佳提取工艺进行了优化.结果表明,最佳工艺条件为微波功率200 W、微波时间4 min、乙醇体积分数50％、液固比43∶1(V/m,mL∶g),在此条件下甘薯叶黄酮的提取率为8.082 7％,与预测值8.314 2％基本吻合.     

沼泽红假单胞菌的分离鉴定及对蕹菜生长的影响

从引进的日本土壤改良剂中富集分离得到1株光合细菌,通过形态学观察及生理生化特性鉴定,鉴定为该菌株属于红假单胞菌属。以泰国柳叶蕹菜为试验材料,用GRH-507菌液稀释500倍在蕹菜幼苗期、生长期进行叶面喷施,以等量的清水作对照,在成熟期调查蕹菜的产量。结果表明,喷施500倍GRH-507菌液稀释液能提高蕹菜的产量,两次收割产量分别比对照增产31.03%、20.74%。     

激素对沙漠玫瑰愈伤组织培养的影响

用沙漠玫瑰无菌苗充分伸展的叶片诱导出愈伤组织,进行愈伤组织的继代培养,以获得适于悬浮培养的愈伤组织,比较了不同植物生长调节剂及其配比在沙漠玫瑰离体培养中的效应．认为叶片接种到BA1～2mg／L NAA0.2～0.4mg／L的MS培养基中,愈伤组织的诱导效果最好;愈伤组织继代培养时．含2．4-D1～3mg／L或2．4-D1～2mg／L BA0.5～1.0mg／L的MS培养基的愈伤组织继代培养效果较好。     

A novel aldo-keto reductase gene, IbAKR, from sweet potato confers higher tolerance to cadmium stress in tobacco

High concentrations of Cd can inhibit growth and reduce the activity of the photosynthetic apparatus in plants. In several plant species, aldo-keto reductases (AKRs) have been shown to enhance tolerance to various abiotic stresses by scavenging cytotoxic aldehydes; however, few AKRs have been reported to enhance Cd stress tolerance. In this study, the gene IbAKR was isolated from sweet potato. The relative expression levels of IbAKR increased significantly (approximately 3-fold) after exposure to 200 mmol·L⁻¹ CdCl₂ or 10 mmol·L⁻¹ H₂O₂. A subcellular localization assay showed that IbAKR is predominantly located in the nucleus and cytoplasm. IbAKR-overexpressing tobacco plants showed higher tolerance to Cd stress than wild-type (WT). Transgenic lines showed a significant ability to scavenge malondialdehyde (MDA) and methylglyoxal (MG). In addition, proline content and superoxide dismutase activity were significantly higher and H₂O₂ levels were significantly lower in the transgenic plants than in the WT. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging genes encoding guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) and peroxidase (POD) were significantly upregulated in transgenic plants compared to WT under Cd stress. These findings suggest that overexpressing IbAKR enhances tolerance to Cd stress via the scavenging of cytotoxic aldehydes and the activation of the ROS scavenging system.     

Interaction of plant genotype and management in the persistence of a perennial grass exposed to grazing and soil fertility stresses

Increased stocking rates under typical pasture improvement practices in southern Australia have often been associated with low persistence by sown perennial grasses subjected to continuous stocking. Cultivars of the perennial grass phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L.), which is widely used in southern Australia, vary in their phenology and growth habit. Winter‐active cultivars have also been developed with improved stress tolerances, viz. heavy grazing pressure (Holdfast GT) and acid soils (Advanced AT). This study examined the persistence of phalaris genotypes over 4 years under five management treatments: high P‐high stocking rate (18 sheep per hectare) rotationally stocked (HPRS); high P‐high stocking rate continuously stocked (HPCS); high P‐intermediate stocking rate (13·5 sheep per hectare) continuously stocked (HPCS13.5); low P‐low stocking rate (9 sheep per hectare) rotationally stocked (LPRS); and low P‐low stocking rate continuously stocked (LPCS). Basal frequency of phalaris declined rapidly under HPCS and LPCS in the first year of treatments when periods of low herbage mass occurred under low rainfall. Basal frequency in high P treatments stabilized and partially recovered but continued to decline in low P treatments. Holdfast GT survived the early decline in the HPCS treatment better than other winter‐active cultivars and similar to a known grazing tolerant, semi‐winter‐dormant cultivar. Advanced AT and older winter‐active cultivars were sensitive to continuous stocking but persisted better under rotational stocking or under a reduced rate of continuous stocking (HPCS13.5). Rotational management clearly promoted persistence of winter‐active phalaris, but long‐term persistence will be better ensured by combining management with the use of genotypes with grazing tolerance traits.     

现代生物技术在甘薯育种中的应用

现代生物技术攻克了过去在甘薯(Ipomoea batatas)育种中无法解决的难题。诱变育种、细胞工程、分子标记和基因工程等现代生物技术已在甘薯选育、品质改良、增强抗病虫性等方面上发挥了非常重要的作用。综述了诱变育种、细胞工程、分子标记和基因工程等现代生物技术在甘薯育种中的研究与利用概况。     

紫甘薯花色苷的组分及抗氧化活性研究(英文)

对紫甘薯花色苷的化学成分和抗氧化活性进行了研究.研究采用大孔树脂AB-8纯化紫甘薯花色苷,高效液相色谱-2极管阵列法(HPLC-DAD)分析表明,纯化后的提取物中共含有11种花色苷,其中主要成分为酰化的矢车菊素和芍药素.并测定了紫甘薯总花色苷在DPPH自由基清除体系、超氧阴离子体系、还原力和亚油酸体系的抗氧化活性.在质量浓度均为0.5g/L时,花色苷、L-AA和 BHT的还原力分别为0.572、0.460 和0.121,花色苷的清除DPPH自由基的半数抑制浓度(IC50)和清除超氧阴离子IC50分别为6.94和3.68mg/L,表明花色苷还原能力强,并能有效地清除DPPH自由基和超氧阴离子.此外,紫甘薯花色苷能较好地抑制脂质过氧化.     

30个中国甘薯主栽品种的RAPD指纹图谱构建及遗传变异分析

研究以中国30个甘薯主栽品种为材料,对甘薯RAPD指纹图谱的构建进行了探讨。从102个RAPD引物中筛选出26个多态性丰富的引物用于PCR扩增,共扩增出255条多态性条带,平均每个引物扩增的多态性带数为9.8条。其中S32和S39多态性最高,仅用其中1个引物即能将这30个甘薯品种完全区分开,且由此构建的指纹图谱出现的概率很小,分别为4.77×10^-7（1/221）和1.91×10^-6（1/219）。结果进一步表明,这30个甘薯品种的遗传距离变异幅度较大,为0.0390～0.4306,平均遗传距离为0.3086。RAPD聚类分析表明,地域分布相近的甘薯品种和具有同一亲本的甘薯品种聚在一起,与这些甘薯品种的系谱图一致。