马铃薯相对分离筛运动位移分析与分离筛性能试验

为解决摆动分离筛薯土分离机理不明确,分离筛参数匹配不尽合理的问题。通过田间试验,获得了无土和有土筛面上马铃薯相对分离筛的位移随曲柄转速、筛面倾角和机器前进平均速度等参数的变化规律,以及分离筛性能指标随参数的变化关系。试验结果表明:马铃薯相对分离筛位移的波动幅度随着曲柄转速的升高而先增大后减小,筛面倾角越大马铃薯相对分离筛位移的波动幅度越小,机器前进平均速度越大位移的波动幅度越大;有土筛面上马铃薯相对分离筛位移的波动幅度较无土筛面上马铃薯位移的波动幅度大;明薯率和破皮率随着曲柄转速的增加而先增大后减小,随着筛面倾角的增大而先减小后增大;机器前进平均速度对明薯率影响不明显,破皮率随着机器前进平均速度的增加而先减小后增大。     

外源总DNA直接导入植物的分子育种研究进展

文中介绍了2种较常用的外源总DNA直接导入植物的方法—花粉管通道法和离子束介导法,分别从原理与方法、发展与应用、机理与验证、问题与展望4个方面综述了这2种方法的创立与发展以及应用此方法取得的研究成果。     

FPA 98型树脂对肝素钠的吸附特性研究

[目的]筛选适宜的离子交换树脂,并优化提取工艺条件。[方法]通过比较4种阴离子交换树脂对肝素钠的吸附效果,研究吸附时间、温度、溶液pH、盐浓度对FPA 98型树脂对肝素钠的吸附率的影响。[结果]FPA 98型大孔树脂对肝素钠的吸附效率最高。在吸附温度60℃、pH为8.8、盐浓度3%的条件下吸附7.0 h,FPA 98树脂对肝素钠的吸附率达92%。[结论]FPA 98型树脂对肝素钠的吸附特性研究为肝素钠的生产提供了参考。     

离子色谱-电导检测法测定农田灌溉水中阴离子的研究

[目的]建立了一种离子色谱法同时测定农田灌溉水中F-、Cl-的新方法。[方法]分析柱采用容量高的Dionex IonPac AG19阴离子交换柱,自动在线产生KOH淋洗液,等浓度泵作等度淋洗。[结果]阴离子检出限为F-3.0μg/L,Cl-5.0μg/L,测定结果相对标准偏差均小于5%,回收率为95.5%~104.8%,线性范围宽,相关性好(r0.999 8),精密度高(RSD2.01%),准确度好。[结论]该方法简便、快速、准确度高、前处理简单,能够满足环境水样中阴离子的分析要求。     

驱油复合菌系的构建及驱油能力的研究

为构建驱油复合菌系并对提高原油采收率的能力进行评价,在50℃条件下通过长期限制性培养,以乳化和降解石油的能力为指标,获得一组高效稳定的驱油复合菌系。复合菌系发酵液对原油具有降粘和降低表面张力的作用。室内岩心驱油试验表明,水驱后复合菌系驱可提高石油采收率14．47％。2007年9月20日在大庆杏6—3-丙605油井进行了吞吐试验,截止2008年7月31日,采出液平均含水率由93．15％降至90．69％,日产液量提高69．86％,累计增产原油203．95t。表明复合菌系适应地层油藏条件,具有增采作用。     

外源葡萄糖对盐胁迫下黄瓜幼苗光合作用和离子分布的影响

[目的]为了探讨外源葡萄糖缓解盐胁迫下黄瓜幼苗生理伤害的作用机制。[方法]采用营养液水培法,以盐敏感型黄瓜品种‘津春2号’为材料,研究外源葡萄糖对盐胁迫下黄瓜幼苗生长、叶绿素含量、光合作用以及体内离子分布的影响。[结果]盐胁迫(65mmol/L Na Cl)显著降低了黄瓜幼苗叶片的叶绿素含量、净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)和胞间CO2浓度(Ci),限制了黄瓜幼苗植株的生长,而根施2 mmol/L葡萄糖缓解了盐胁迫诱导的光合速率和生长下降;在盐胁迫下,黄瓜幼苗叶片、茎和根中Na+和Cl-含量显著增加,而K+和Mg2+含量明显降低,外源葡萄糖处理逆转盐胁迫诱导黄瓜植株体内离子含量的变化。[结论]外源葡萄糖通过抑制根中Na+和Cl-向地上部的运输,减轻叶片中Na+和Cl-积累诱导的离子毒害,从而缓解盐胁迫对光合作用的抑制,进而促进盐胁迫下黄瓜幼苗的生长。     

某深基坑工程施工过程监测与分析

介绍了天津某深基坑工程开挖实例及施工过程的监测情况.通过对开挖过程中的坑周土体水平位移、支护结构顶部水平位移、立柱沉降以及周围管线等的现场施工监测数据的分析,探讨了深基坑开挖过程对周围环境的影响,为考虑施工因素的深基坑设计提供了依据,为今后类似工程的设计施工积累了经验.     

Looking back on development and disaster‐related displacement and resettlement,anticipating climate‐related displacement in the Asia Pacific region

The realisation that climate change might necessitate resettlement of people displaced initially raised interest in the experience of development‐forced displacement and resettlement (DFDR). Looking back, in 1980 the first international policy on involuntary resettlement was approved to address perceived weaknesses in state property and expropriation law to safeguard people in the way of development projects. Since then international policy and praxis have brought global attention to developmentally displaced people but have not guaranteed them an effective safeguard. Recently, renewed attention has focussed on state legal and governance frameworks substantively and procedurally. Identifying four key policy objectives that resonate with climate change displacement I analyse their treatment in a data base of DFDR laws and regulations from 40 Asia Pacific states. This analysis finds overall little legal congruence. Innovative new formulations in some Asian state laws address recent public criticisms and research findings, but mostly are yet to demonstrate positive outcomes for displaced people. Pacific states increasingly abandon expropriation law to negotiate lease terms for public infrastructure projects with customary landowners that do not extinguish customary title. Any laws governing climate change relocations must protect rights, livelihoods, well‐being, inclusive decision‐making and community initiatives with procedures whilst not relinquishing climate‐change‐reducing action.     

Dopamine modulates the physiological response of the tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon

Levels of glucose, lactate, pO₂, pCO₂, HCO₃⁻, TCO₂, Na⁺, K⁺, Cl⁻, protein, and oxyhemocyanin in the hemolymph and its osmolality and pH were measured when tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon (13.5 ± 1.5 g body weight), were individually injected with saline or dopamine at 10^− 8, 10^− 7, or 10^− 6 mol shrimp^− 1. Results showed that hemolymph glucose, lactate, pCO₂, HCO₃⁻, and TCO₂ values increased from 2 to 4 h; hemolymph osmolality, Na⁺, and total protein had increased at 2 h; and hemolymph K⁺ decreased from 2 to 8 h after the dopamine injection. All physiological parameters returned to the control values 4–16 h after receiving dopamine. The dopamine injection also significantly decreased the oxyhemocyanin/protein ratio of P. monodon which occurred at 2 h, resulting from an elevation of hemolymph protein and a slight decrease of oxyhemocyanin. These results suggest that stress-inducing dopamine caused a transient period of modulation of energy metabolism, osmoregulation, respiration, and the acid–base balance in P. monodon in adapting to this environmental stress.     

低能氮离子束对不同倍性水稻的诱变效应

对二倍体水稻和同源四倍体水稻进行了低能氮离子束注入处理并对其生物学效应进行了鉴定.结果表明,低能氮离子束注入处理后对同源四倍体水稻产生的生物学效应比对二倍体水稻的生物学效应更明显,前者比后者对低能氮离子束注入更敏感;6份同源四倍体水稻的平均变异频率为21.2%,而6份相应的二倍体水稻的平均变异频率为2.6%;通过对实验材料的鉴定和筛选,获得了一些具有一定特点的突变体(高结实率的同源四倍体水稻、具有双胚苗特性的同源四倍体水稻、具有红心米性状的二倍体水稻等).由此认为,利用低能离子束注入技术对同源四倍体水稻进行遗传改良的效果值得肯定.