无性系培养技术在水稻遗传改良中的应用前景

概述了体细胞无性系变异发生的特点与其在水稻遗传改良中的应用状况,分析了体细胞无性系变异在实际应用中所存在的问题,并提出了加速水稻育种进程的新途径。     

利用花药培养加速离子束介导转基因水稻后代的纯合速度

利用花培加速玉米稻分离后代的纯化。从 1996年开始 ,对转基因玉米稻经多代选择仍“疯狂”分离的后代 ,进行花药培养 ,经两年的繁育种植 ,已获得株型较理想、性状稳定遗传的玉米稻花培株系 ,表明将花药培养方法与转基因技术相结合 ,对加速玉米稻分离后代的纯化是有效的     

载波干涉法及其在物体离面转角测量上的应用

从光干涉和载波的原理出发，利用载波、调制、解调这三步对变形物体的离面转角进行测量，在理论上对该法进行了探讨、推导，阐述了其光路简单、灵敏度高等特点     

离子注入水稻诱发当代损伤效应的研究

籼型转基因水稻种子为材料 ,用不同的离子种类、能量和剂量进行辐照 ,采用 3因子 3水平 9个处理的正交试验 ,调查离子束注入对诱变当代幼苗存活率及幼苗生长速度起主导作用的物理因子 ,以研究离子注入水稻诱发当代损伤的效应。结果发现 ,影响存活率效应最大的是注入离子的能量 ,以低能量 (15kev)的离子注入效果最佳 ;影响苗期生长的主效因子是注入离子的种类 ,以Ar+ 为最佳     

柔性桩台横向排架计算方法的探讨

本文用矩阵位移法进行了柔性桩台横向排架内力分析的精确计算。并用编制的程序在AppLE Ⅱ微机上作了算例．证明本文方法比原来的方法较为经济合理．本文方法可用于实际工程设计．     

奶牛真胃变位的诊断与治疗

真胃变位(abomasal displacement)是指真胃正常解剖学位置发生改变,引起消化功能障碍,导致营养失调的消化系统疾病。真胃变位是奶牛常见疾病,多发于高产奶牛分娩前后,一般情况下多发生左方变位,在断奶前一般发生右方变位。该病主要造成奶牛的淘汰率增加,生产能力下降,治疗费用增多,给奶牛养殖业造成严重损失。本文介绍在富宁兰养殖场实习期间遇到的奶牛真胃变位病例,并从发病原因、临床症状、诊断、治疗、预防等几个方面进行总结,以期为有效防治奶牛真胃变位提供参考。     

EFFECT OF MIXED-SALT SALINITY ON GROWTH AND ION RELATIONS OF A QUINOA AND A WHEAT VARIETY

ABSTRACT

Salinity is among the most widespread and prevalent problems in irrigated agriculture. Many members of the family Chenopodiaceae are classified as salt tolerant. One member of this family, which is of increasing interest, is quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) which is able to grow on poorer soils. Salinity sensitivity studies of quinoa were conducted in the greenhouse on the cultivar, “Andean Hybrid” to determine if quinoa had useful mechanisms for salt tolerant studies. For salt treatment we used a salinity composition that would occur in a typical soil in the San Joaquin Valley of California using drainage waters for irrigation. Salinity treatments (EC_i ) ranging from 3, 7, 11, to 19?dS?m^?1 were achieved by adding MgSO₄, Na₂SO₄, NaCl, and CaCl₂ to the base nutrient solution. These salts were added incrementally over a four-day period to avoid osmotic shock to the seedlings. The base nutrient solution without added salt served as the non-saline control solution (3?dS?m^?1). Solution pH was uncontrolled and ranged from 7.7 to 8.0. For comparative purposes, we also examined Yecora Rojo, a semi-dwarf wheat, Triticum aestivum L. With respect to salinity effects on growth in quinoa, we found no significant reduction in plant height or fresh weight until the electrical conductivity exceeded 11?dS?m^?1. The growth was characteristic of a halophyte with a significant increase in leaf area at 11?dS?m^?1 as compared with 3?dS?m^?1 controls. As to wheat, plant fresh and dry weight, canopy height, and leaf area did not differ between controls (3?dS?m^?1) and plants grown at 7?dS?m^?1. Beyond this threshold, however, plant growth declined. While both quinoa and wheat exhibited increasing Na⁺ accumulation with increasing salinity levels, the percentage increase was greater in wheat. Examination of ion ratios indicated that K⁺:Na⁺ ratio decreased with increasing salinity in both species. The decrease was more dramatic in wheat. A similar observation was also made with respect to the Ca²⁺:Na⁺ ratios. However, a difference between the two species was found with respect to changes in the level of K⁺ in the plant. In quinoa, leaf K⁺ levels measured at 19?dS?m^?1 had decreased by only 7% compared with controls. Stem K⁺ levels were not significantly affected. In wheat, shoot K⁺ levels had decreased by almost 40% at 19?dS?m^?1. Correlated with these findings, we measured no change in the K⁺:Na⁺ selectivity with increasing salinity in quinoa leaves and only a small increase in stems. In wheat however, K⁺:Na⁺ selectivity at 3?dS?m^?1 was much higher than in quinoa and decreased significantly across the four salinity levels tested. A similar situation was also noted with Ca²⁺:Na⁺ selectivity. We concluded that the greater salt tolerance found in quinoa relative to wheat may be due to a variety of mechanisms.     

Early Supplies of Available Nitrogen to Seed‐Row of a Canola Crop as Affected by Fertilizer Placement

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted at Star City (legal location SW6‐45‐16‐W2); Saskatchewan, Canada from May 2000 to June 2000, to measure nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) supply rates from fertilizer bands to the seed‐row of canola crop. Ion exchange resin membrane probes (PRS^TM) were used to measure N and P supply rates in four treatments [80 kg N ha^?1 of urea as side‐row band, 80 kg N ha^?1 of urea as mid‐row band, check/no N (side‐row)/P side‐row, check/no N (mid‐row)/seed placed P]. The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Two anion and cation exchange resin probes (PRS^TM) were placed in each plot in the seed‐row immediately after seeding and fertilizing. The probes were allowed to remain in the field for 2 days and replaced with another set of probes every 4 days for a total of 14 days until canola emerged. Ammonium‐N, nitrate‐N and P supply rates were calculated based on the ion accumulated on the probes. Urea side‐row band treatments (fertilizer N 2.5 cm to side of every seed‐row) had significantly higher cumulative available N supply rates than mid‐row band placement in which fertilizer N was placed 10 cm from the seed‐row in between every second seed‐row. No significant differences were observed in P supply rates. The higher N rates (120 kg N ha^?1) resulted in lower grain yield in side‐row banding than mid‐row banding possibly due to seedling damage. However, the earlier fluxes of N into the seed‐row observed with side‐row banding may be an advantage at lower N rates in N deficient soils.     

输气管道"气推气"投产过程混气规律研究

长输天然气管道的置换投产一直是采用现场的检测仪器加以控制,而目前普遍使用的"气推气"方式在投产过程中缺乏理论依据。根据流体动力学三大方程,结合气体间扩散方程提出了"气推气"投产混气规律的数学模型,利用差分方程进行了求解,并且编制了计算程序。以西气东输西段为目标管道进行了计算,其结果与实际相吻合,可以应用于工程分析。该模型也可以为其它长输天然气管道的投产提供理论支撑以及技术支持。