Polymorphisms in growth hormone gene and their associations with calf weight in Japanese Black cattle

The objectives of this study were to detect effective genetic polymorphisms of bovine growth hormone (bGH) gene associated with calf weight in Japanese Black cattle. Fifty‐eight sires and 47 breeding cows were used to detect the polymorphisms in exons by single‐strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP). Four homozygous and six heterozygous SSCP genotypes were identified in exon 5. Although each single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) had been reported, these genotypes were caused by three SNPs at the nucleotide positions 2141, 2277 and 2291. Four haplotypes C‐C‐A, G‐C‐A, C‐C‐C and G‐T‐A were newly identified. It was suggested that other haplotypes not detected in this study may not exist, considering the allele frequencies reported in Bos taurus and Bos indicus, and the migrating process of native Japanese cattle. Thereafter, we examined associations between the detected polymorphic sites in exon 5 by PCR – restriction fragment length polymorphism and calf weight using 53 breeding dams and 135 calves. The birth weights of calves with haplotype G‐C‐A are significantly lighter and calves' weights produced by cows with such haplotype are also lighter at 30 days old, using regression analysis. Although further research is necessary, these results may serve as a useful criterion to select breeding stocks, especially in maternal abilities.     

番鸭细小病毒NS2原核表达载体的构建

根据已发表的番鸭细小病毒(MDPV)核苷酸序列设计并合成1对引物,对MDPV非结构蛋白NS2基因进行扩增。所获得的PCR产物与预期片段大小相符,约1.4 kb。将该片段直接与pMD18-T载体连接,转化入感受态大肠杆菌DH5α中增殖。在对所提质粒进行快速鉴定、PCR扩增及BamH I酶切线性化初步鉴定的基础上,经限制性内切酶BamH I和Sal I进行双酶切鉴定。将克隆产物pMD18-T-NS2与原核表达载体pET-32a分别用BamH I和SalI双酶切后,回收目的片段进行定向连接,并转化入感受态大肠杆菌DH5α中。对所获得的重组质粒分别经BamH I单酶切、BamH I和Sal I双酶切,证实含有目的基因,且基因插入方向正确,成功构建了含有MDPV NS2非结构蛋白基因的原核表达载体,为高效原核表达及研制更为有效的基因工程疫苗打下了基础。     

吡喹酮注射剂含量测定方法比较

采用两种不同的色谱条件测定吡喹酮注射剂中吡喹酮的含量,色谱柱为迪马DiamonsilC18（4．6mm×250mm,5μm）柱,流动相为甲醇-水及乙腈-水,检测波长为263nm及210nm,流速1mL/min。结果显示,在两个不同的检测范围内,线性关系均良好（分别为r=0．9998和r=0．9996）,吡喹酮的平均回收率为100．38％和99．90％,RSD=1．13％和1．1％（n=9）。两种方法简便易行,精密度、回收率、重现性均符合要求。结果表明,两种方法均可用于吡喹酮注射剂的含量测定。     

Ontogeny of IGF-I responsiveness to bGH in young lambs

The ontogeny of hepatic growth hormone (GH) receptors (GHR), as measured by responses of both plasma insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and hepatic GHR to an exogenous bGH stimulus, was examined using sheep of different ages (Days 1-7, 14-21, 28-35, and 56-63 of life, and yearlings). The IGF-I response to bGH was first examined in yearling sheep using two doses of bGH (0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg LW/d). Based on these results, lambs in four groups up to Day 63 of life were treated for 5 d with bGH (n = 10) at a dose of 0.15 mg/kg LW/d or with saline (n = 10). Jugular blood samples were taken once daily on Days - 1, 4, and 5 of treatment. bGH treatment in lambs up to Day 63 of life had little effect on plasma concentrations of GH, insulin, glucose or urea, but significantly (P < 0.05) increased circulating concentrations of IGF-I at all ages and of NEFA at Day 62/63 of life. In contrast, bGH treatment at either dose in yearlings significantly increased these parameters, except for plasma urea concentrations which were decreased in bGH-treated yearlings. However, the responses of plasma IGF-I concentration to bGH stimulus in lambs up to Day 63 of life were small compared to those in yearling sheep. Consistent with this, bGH treatment failed to affect hepatic GH binding in young lambs, but up-regulated it in yearling sheep. Furthermore, basal (unstimulated) GH binding did not differ between sheep of 7 vs. 63 vs. 365 d of age, despite the greater IGF-I responses to bGH in the latter group. It is suggested that hepatic GHR in lambs up to Day 63 of life are not fully functional compared to the situation in yearlings.     

猪瘟病毒保护性抗原E2基因的克隆及在原核细胞中的表达

应用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ分两段扩增猪瘟病毒（ＨＣＶ）石门株Ｅ２基因,然后对其进行了克隆。利用两个片段重叠部分的单一ＢｇｌⅡ位点,将它们连接成为完整的Ｅ２基因,并克隆到ＰＵＣ１９质粒中,获得重 质粒ＰＨＣＦ２。另设计一对引物,以ＰＨＣＦ２为模板扩增出不含信号肽的Ｅ２基因,然后将其克隆到表达载体质粒ｐＢＶ２２０和ＰＥＴ＿２８ａ（＋）中,获得重组质粒ＰＢＶＥ２和ＰＥＴＥ２,用酶切,ＰＣＲ和序列分析鉴定Ｅ２基因插     

苜蓿黄萎病菌中国菌株生物学特性研究

为了解我国苜蓿黄萎病菌的生物学特性,于2007-2008年间对苜蓿黄萎病菌进行了分离、鉴定及生物学特性研究。采用常规组织分离法从新疆伊犁地区新源县苜蓿黄萎病标样中分离到一种真菌(VA001),依据Koch′s法则,并结合形态学、培养特性及ITS序列分析,鉴定为黑白轮枝菌(Verticillium albo-atrum Reinke et Berthold)。适合该菌生长的培养基有甜瓜培养基、马铃薯蔗糖培养基、马铃薯培养基,适合产孢的培养基有马铃薯葡萄糖培养基、甜瓜培养基、梅干培养基。在碳源和氮源中,麦芽糖(Maltose)、乳糖(Lactose)、甘露醇(Mannitolum)、赖氨酸(Lysine)、牛肉膏(Beef extract)、氨基乙酸(Aminoacetic acid)、组氨酸(Histidine)有利于病菌的生长;蔗糖(Sugar)、果糖(Fructose)、乳糖(Lactose)、硝酸钠(Sodium nitrate)、丙氨酸(Alanine)有利于病菌的产孢。苜蓿黄萎菌生长和产孢的适宜pH值为7.0-9.5,温度为25℃。     

波德代肉羊与甘肃高山细毛羊杂交试验

引入肉羊品种波德代,观察其在高寒牧区的适应性,并做为父本,以天祝县毛肉兼用型甘肃高山细毛羊为母本,进行杂交改良,经对波细F1代的测定,在相同饲养管理条件下,波细F1代在初生重、1月龄、4月龄重比同龄细羔分别高1.16 kg、2.33 kg、6.80 kg,差异显著（P〈0.005）。对4月龄羔羊屠宰测定,波细F1代的宰前活重、胴体重比同龄细羔分别高6.86 kg、5.39 kg,差异极显著（P〈0.005）,屠宰率提高了10个百分比。     

土大黄对云南省滇西北高山草地生物多样性的影响

2009年9月,用点样（Point Quatfats）法调查了云南省滇西北贡山县迪麻村色娃龙巴高山牧场的4种不同土大黄覆盖率群落的空间垂直分布,并采用Shannon’s多样性指数（H）和均匀性指数（EH）对物种和群落多样性进行了分析。结果表明,云南省滇西北高山牧场有比较丰富的牧草资源,共25种;中等和中上等的土大黄覆盖率群落里具有最多的物种丰富度和最高的物种多样性指数,同时也具有高的物种均衡性;其次是高等的土大黄覆盖率群落;低等的土大黄覆盖率群落里则具有最低的物种丰富度和物种多样性指数。这些结果表明,土大黄对高山草地的生物多样性的影响并不明显,造成高山草地生物多样性变化的主要原因是家畜的放牧强度和频率。     

PMSG诱导荷斯坦青年母牛发情试验研究

[目的]为了诱导始配年龄的部分青年母牛发情,提高奶牛的繁殖效益.[方法]对20头荷斯坦青年奶牛应用孕马血清PMSG注射用绒促性腺素进行诱导发情处理.[结果]处理后1～9 d内出现发情的有18头,发情率为90%,未发情率为10%;5头对照牛发情率为10%,未发情率为90%(P<0.01).[结论]PMSG处理诱导青年母牛发情的效果显著、确实、可靠.     

杂种奶牛POU1Fl、GHR、GHRH-R和CSN1S2基因部分序列PCR-SSCP多态性分析

利用PCR-SSCP技术,对荷斯坦公牛冻精改良的93头杂种奶牛的脑垂体转录因子-1（POU1Fl）基因第6外显子、生长激素受体（GHR）基因第10外显子、生长激素释放激素受体（GHRH-R）基因第2外显子和酪蛋白(CSN1S2) 基因第18外显子进行了多态性研究。结果表明,在检测的4个基因位点中,只有POU1Fl基因第6外显子存在2种基因型,AB、BB基因型频率及A、B基因频率分别为0.0323、0.9677和0.0162、0.9838,未发现AA型个体。该群体在此位点上处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态,基因杂合度和多态信息含量分别为0.0318和0.0313。测序显示,与普通黄牛POU1Fl基因序列Y15995相比,A等位基因在POU1F1基因第6外显子的第209个碱基处发生了G→C的碱基颠换,导致Thr/Arg替代,其多态的成因及效应需进一步研究。