微囊型脂肪粉中粗脂肪的快速测定

为了解决新型油脂产品——微囊型脂肪粉因缺乏粗脂肪检验方法造成的贸易困惑,建立了微囊型脂肪粉中粗脂肪含量的快速测定方法.以包埋率较高的微囊型脂肪粉样品为主要试材,通过对酸水解条件和萃取方法的研究而建立方法;并确定了方法的适用范围;对5个不同包埋率微囊型脂肪粉代表性样品依据GB/T 6379.2-2004《测量方法与结果的...     

皮革厂肉膜下脚料营养物质与重金属分析

对皮革厂下脚料肉膜的脂肪、蛋白质、重金属和硫的含量进行分析。结果表明,采用酸水解法测定肉膜中的脂肪含量为4%~5%;双缩脲法测定蛋白质的含量为1.5%左右;火焰原子吸收光谱法测定重金属含量,镉的含量为0.75 mg/kg,高于鸡、猪配合饲料国家标准值(0.5 mg/kg),其他重金属含量符合配合饲料国家标准值;重量法测定硫的含量约0.9%。     

核桃叶柄体细胞胚胎发生及其细胞学观察

本试验采用组织培养方法诱导核桃叶柄体细胞胚胎发生,并对不同条件下产生的愈伤组织进行了细胞学观察。结果证明,核桃叶柄体细胞胚胎发生合适的培养基为:DKW 附加KT 2.0 mg/L、IBA 0.02 mg/L、谷氨酰胺250 mg/L、水解酪蛋白100 mg/L、20%硫代硫酸钠5 mL/L、蔗糖30 g/L、琼脂7 g/L。外植体接种方向以叶柄形态学上端露在空气中下端埋入培养基为宜。显微观察证明胚性细胞内出现大最油滴,非胚性细胞内则无油滴出现。     

Effects of birth weight and dietary fat on intake,body composition,and plasma thyroxine in neonatal lambs

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is often observed in one of the fetuses carried by well-fed prolific ewes. This condition is the result of an insufficient placental size to cover the nutritional needs of the fetus during the near exponential growth phase of the last trimester. After birth, these IUGR offspring have an elevated appetite and lower maintenance energy requirements, suggesting dysregulation of homeostatic systems governing energy metabolism. It is also unknown whether the consequent increase in fatness occurs similarly in both visceral and carcass fractions. To address these questions, lambs differing in birth size (BS, IUGR vs. Normal, 2.6 ± 0.05 vs. 4.2 ± 0.07 kg, P < 0.001) were offered unlimited amounts of a low fat [LF; 22% of dry matter (DM)] or a high fat (HF; 38% of DM) milk replacer and slaughtered on day 14 of postnatal age (n = 7 to 8 for each BS × Diet); a second group of IUGR lambs (n = 3 for each diet) was slaughtered when they reached 8.5 kg, corresponding to the weight of Normal lambs on day 14. When normalized to body weight (BW), the DM and energy intake of IUGR lambs were higher than those of Normal lambs over the first 14 d of life (BS, P < 0.01), but contrary to expectations, the HF diet did not exacerbate these effects of the IUGR condition. Intrauterine growth restricted lambs had increased viscera fat with both diets (BS and Diet, P < 0.05) but increased carcass fat only with the LF diet (BS × Diet, P = 0.08); the fatness promoting effect of the IUGR condition was increased in both body fractions when lamb groups were compared at the fixed BW of 8.5 kg. A subset of metabolic hormones was analyzed, including the metabolic rate-setting hormone thyroxine (T4) and its possible positive regulator leptin. Plasma T4 was lower in IUGR than in Normal lambs at birth (P < 0.05) but then disappeared by day 7 of postnatal life (BS × Day, P < 0.01). On the other hand, the HF diet had no effect on plasma T4 over the first 3 d but caused an increase, irrespective of BS by day 11 (Diet × Day, P < 0.001). Plasma leptin increased with dietary fat and time (P < 0.06) but bore no relation to the effects of BS or Diet on plasma T4. These data show that IUGR and Normal lambs are similarly unable to adjust caloric intake in early life and that the fatness promoting effects of the IUGR condition are more pronounced in the viscera than in the carcass. These data also reveal dynamic regulation of plasma T4 by BS and Diet in neonatal lambs.     

PLIN1第2、4外显子多态性与猪脂肪沉积性状的相关性分析

为探索编码脂滴包被蛋白的PLIN1基因对猪脂肪沉积的作用,随机选择190头杜×长×大三元商品杂交猪屠宰,采用常规方法测定部分脂肪沉积性状,同时采集样品提取DNA;运用PCR-SSCP技术对猪PLIN1基因第2、4外显子进行SNP筛查;采用一般线性模型分析所得基因型对各脂肪沉积性状的影响作用.在猪PLIN1基因第2、4外显子分别发现一处碱基替换突变.第2外显子的AA型背膘厚高于AB和BB型(P＜0.01),AA型剪切力值低于AB型和BB型(P＜0.01);第4外显子的CD型背膘厚高于CC型(P＜0.05),CD型肌内脂肪含量高于CC型(P＜0.01).结果表明,PLIN1基因的第2、4外显子SNP对猪脂肪沉积相关性状有显著作用.     

不同粒型花生品种品质形成规律

为明确不同粒型花生品种品质形成规律,在大田试验条件下,以大粒型品种花育22、中粒型品种铁引花2号和小粒型品种农花16为试材,采用完全随机设计,研究了不同粒型花生品种荚果成熟过程中水分含量、粗蛋白含量、粗脂肪含量、可溶性糖含量以及淀粉含量的动态变化规律。试验结果表明：花生荚果成熟过程中含水量逐渐下降,大粒型品种籽仁含水量大于中粒型和小粒型,差异显著（P＜0.05）;籽仁粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量逐渐积累,中粒型品种粗蛋白含量始终高于小粒型品种和大粒型品种,而粗脂肪含量是小粒型品种高于其它两品种,差异均达显著水平（P＜0.05）;结荚期花生荚果可溶性糖含量及淀粉含量均呈下降趋势,小粒型品种淀粉含量高于中粒型和大粒型,差异显著（P＜0.05）。对不同粒型花生品种品质的相关性分析表明,在荚果的发育过程中,籽仁粗脂肪含量与粗蛋白含量之间呈负相关关系,可溶性糖与淀粉含量之间呈显著的正相关,粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量与可溶性糖和淀粉含量呈极显著的负相关。本研究结果可结果可为选育优质专用花生品种提供理论依据。     

营养强化低脂羊奶粉对幼龄动物生长发育及血脂的影响

[目的]研究营养强化低脂羊奶粉对幼龄动物生长发育及脂肪含量的影响。[方法]给予幼龄SD大鼠营养强化低脂羊奶粉,试验周期42天。测定动物生长发育指标（体重、体长）、食物利用率、甘油三酯、胆固醇,及体内脂肪和股骨骨密度。[结果]营养强化低脂羊奶粉组与空白组比较,生长发育指标（体重、体长）无不良影响,股骨骨密度明显升高（P<0.01）,营养强化低脂羊奶粉对体脂无明显影响。[结论]营养强化低脂羊奶粉可促进幼龄SD大鼠骨骼生长,对血脂含量及体脂率无影响。     

不同饱和度脂肪添加抗氧化剂对瘤胃发酵、抗氧化状态和微生物区系的影响

利用体外产气法研究不同饱和度脂肪和抗氧化剂添加对湖羊瘤胃体外发酵参数的影响。试验采用2×2因子设计,试验因素为脂肪类型(全饱和与50%饱和度)和抗氧化剂(0或500mg/kg)。结果显示,脂肪类型不影响瘤胃发酵参数和抗氧化状态(P>0.05),与饱和脂肪相比,补充不饱和脂肪可显著降低瘤胃液中产琥珀酸丝状杆菌相对于总菌的比例(P<0.05)、提高原虫的比例(P<0.05)。添加抗氧化剂可提高瘤胃体外24h产气量和有机物消化率(P<0.05),并有减少乙酸摩尔比、增加丙酸摩尔比的趋势(P<0.10)。添加抗氧化剂有降低瘤胃丙二醛、提高超氧化物歧化酶活性的趋势(P<0.10)。抗氧化剂对黄色瘤胃球菌和白色瘤胃球菌的影响与脂肪类型有关,不饱和脂肪添加抗氧化剂可显著提高黄色瘤胃球菌和白色瘤胃球菌相对于总菌的比例,而饱和脂肪添加无显著影响。上述结果表明,日粮添加不饱和脂肪不利于纤维分解菌的生长,添加抗氧化剂可改善不饱和脂肪对瘤胃微生物的影响,而对饱和脂肪影响较小;添加抗氧化剂还可改善瘤胃抗氧化状态、提高有机物的消化率。     

Effects of different winter climates in Japan on body composition of young Thoroughbreds in training

Changes in the body composition of 50 Thoroughbreds colts and fillies, born between 2004 and 2010, were compared between those reared at the Hidaka Training and Research Center (Hidaka), Hokkaido, which is extremely cold in winter, and those reared at the Miyazaki Yearling Training Farm (Miyazaki), Kyushu, which is mildly cold in winter. The horses were divided into two sex groups and reared and trained in Hidaka or Miyazaki for 7 months from October of one year of age to April of two years of age. Body weight (BW), rump fat thickness (RFT), fat-free mass (FFM), and percentage of fat (%F) were used as parameters of body composition. This study revealed that BW and FFM were higher, and %F was lower in colts than in fillies at both training sites. Among colts, Miyazaki colts tended to have higher FFM values than Hidaka colts, and %F was significantly lower in Miyazaki colts than in Hidaka colts. Furthermore, from October to April, Miyazaki horses had a higher rate of increase in BW than Hidaka horses in both sexes and a higher rate of increase in FFM in colts. The higher rate of increase in FFM in Miyazaki colts suggests that training young Thoroughbreds in winter under mildly cold climate is more effective, than severely cold climate, particularly in colts.     

超声法提取脂肪的研究

以方便面为实验样品,研究超声法提取脂肪的工艺条件。实验首先以浸提时间、超声时间、料液比和提取次数为单因素,通过单因素实验确定上述工艺参数的范围;在此基础上,利用L9（3^4）正交实验优化超声提取脂肪的工艺条件。实验结果表明,各因素对脂肪提取率的影响程度是：提取次数〉浸提时间〉料液比〉超声时间,最优化的超声提取脂肪的工艺条件为：超声时间10min,料液比1：3,浸提时间1.5h,提取次数2次。实验所用的上述超声法与国标方法索氏法进行对比,结果表明,超声法提取脂肪较索氏法得率高,时间短、试剂用量少,回收率较高,且2种方法的精密度无差别：用超声法提取脂肪应根据样品特性选择适当的提取试剂。