聚合氨基酸对北方水稻土中氧化铁存在形态的影响

为了解不同类型水稻土中氧化铁含量特征,探明添加外源聚合氨基酸对水稻土中氧化铁形态变化的影响,本研究以中国北方不同类型水稻土(棕壤型、草甸土型和滨海盐渍型)为研究对象,设置添加占供试土壤干重0.05%的γ-聚谷氨酸和聚天冬氨酸处理,以不添加氨基酸作为对照。通过室内恒温厌氧培养30 d后,测定各水稻土全铁、游离氧化铁、无定形氧化铁和络合态铁含量及氧化铁的活化和络合程度。结果表明:供试的北方3种典型水稻土中,游离氧化铁含量为滨海盐渍型草甸土型≥棕壤型,络合态铁含量为棕壤型滨海盐渍型≥草甸土型,而无定形氧化铁含量为棕壤型滨海盐渍型草甸土型。两种外源聚合氨基酸对不同类型水稻土氧化铁形态转化能力影响存在差异,与不添加氨基酸的对照相比,添加γ-聚谷氨酸的棕壤型水稻土无定形氧化铁和络合态铁含量分别增加27.72%和32.25%,聚天冬氨酸对无定形氧化铁和络合态铁含量无显著促进作用;在草甸土型水稻土中,γ-聚谷氨酸和聚天冬氨酸均能显著增加无定形氧化铁含量,且与对照相比,络合态铁含量分别增加136.24%和12.00%;γ-聚谷氨酸能有效促进滨海盐渍型水稻土中无定形氧化铁和络合态铁的生成。总之,添加γ-聚谷氨酸和聚天冬氨酸对水稻土游离氧化铁的含量没有明显影响;而添加γ-聚谷氨酸能有效增加水稻土中无定形氧化铁和络合态铁含量,降低晶胶率,有利于提高土壤中有效铁含量,显著活化铁氧化物,抑制各类型水稻土中铁的结晶老化;而聚天冬氨酸对水稻土无定形氧化铁和络合态铁没有明显的激发效应。     

麦麸提取γ-氨基丁酸工艺的优选

以麦麸为材料,通过正交试验,探讨了提取介质、温度和时间对提取γ-氨基丁酸含量的影响。结果表明,麦麸中提取γ-氨基丁酸的最佳条件为:以水为提取介质(pH=7.0),温度37℃、抽提6 h,每克麦麸可提取到γ-氨基丁酸3.810 mg。     

鸭瘟强毒株和疫苗株对雏鸭IFN-γ基因表达的影响

本试验旨在探讨不同毒力的鸭瘟病毒(DPV)感染对雏鸭INF-γ mRNA表达水平的影响,为DPV的感染与免疫机制提供理论依据。应用实时荧光定量PCR技术,对接种了鸭瘟强毒株和疫苗株的雏鸭肝脏及外周血淋巴细胞(PBL)中IFN-γ mRNA的表达水平及鸭瘟病毒(DPV)的荷载量进行动态定量监测。结果表明:①感染鸭瘟强毒后,IFN-γ mRNA 在肝脏中的表达没有明显规律,PBL中IFN-γ mRNA表达水平很高,在此期间(1~12 h),病毒DNA量很少。IFN-γ mRNA表达量在6 h后大幅下降,直到144 h都非常低,而病毒的载量逐渐增大,至144 h时达到峰值。②接种弱毒疫苗后,肝脏中IFN-γ mRNA表达水平较高且稳定,至12 h达到顶峰,约比对照高出8倍。PBL中IFN-γ mRNA表达量较低且不稳定。弱毒DNA荷载量稳定上升,但载量约比强毒低两个数量级。病毒DNA在PBL检测不到。IFN-γ在抵抗鸭瘟强毒中发挥了重要作用;IFN-γ在肝脏中高水平的表达可能是鸭瘟疫苗的免疫机制之一。     

60Co-γ射线辐射对云烟87、红花大金元种子活力的影响

采用不同辐射剂量的⁶⁰Co-γ射线辐射处理云烟87和红花大金元2个烤烟品种的种子,研究⁶⁰Co-γ射线辐射对云烟87、红花大金元种子活力的影响。结果表明,在25℃条件下,10～300 Gy辐射剂量处理对2个品种的种子活力都具有一定的促进作用,其中10 Gy低辐射剂量为最适辐射剂量;300 Gy以上的辐射剂量对种子发芽起抑制作用。同时也证明云烟87较红花大金元对辐射的适应性好,能更好地适应辐射处理来增强种子的活力。     

Constitutive expression of interferons in swine leukocytes

Interferon (IFN)-α and IFN-γ positive cells were revealed by flow cytometry in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of Specific Pathogen Free (SPF) pigs. A low prevalence of IFN-γ positive cells was also detected in PBMC of some Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome virus-infected pigs and uninfected, control pigs. IFN-α positive cells showed phenotypes of both monocytes and plasmacytoid dendritic cells. The presence of IFN-α in PBMC was also confirmed by Western blotting. By immunoprecipitation, IFN-α was detected as 32 and 55-57 kDa bands in PBMC of healthy SPF piglets. These samples were also IFN-γ positive; the cytokine was revealed as 24, 37 and 54 kDa bands. The unusual molecular mass values of intracellular interferons were probably due to oligomerization, as previously described for human IFN-α. Swine intracellular IFN-α displayed the expected antiviral activity on bovine MDBK cells. The results indicate that interferons are constitutively expressed in swine leukocytes with peculiar molecular features.     

利用响应曲面法优化γ-亚麻酸-β-环糊精包合物制备工艺的研究

[目的]优选β-环糊精包合γ-亚麻酸的最佳工艺。[方法]采用BOX-Behnken设计和响应曲面分析优选包合的最佳工艺,并采用差示扫描量热分析及X-射线衍射对包合物进行定性分析。[结果]β-环糊精包合γ-亚麻酸的最佳工艺条件为：β-环糊精与γ-亚麻酸的物质的量比6.47∶1、温度51.15℃、包合时间2.03h,在该条件下包合率达91.51%。定性分析表明γ-亚麻酸与β-环糊精确实形成了包合物,其包合物的结构与简单混合物的结构有明显不同,已构成新的固体相。[结论]该研究可有效地减少工艺操作的盲目性,为进一步的放大生产提供依据。     

广西鹅γ干扰素基因的克隆与序列分析

为进一步研究鹅干扰素（IFN）的分子生物学特性及抗病毒作用机理,提取经刀豆素（ConA）刺激培养的鹅外周血淋巴细胞总RNA,采用RT-PCR技术扩增获得鹅IFN-γ基因,将其克隆至pMD18-T载体并进行序列测定分析。结果表明,克隆获得的广西鹅IFN-γ基因与GenBank上已公布的鹅IFN-γ基因核苷酸序列的同源性均高于99.2%、氨基酸同源性均高于98.2%;与其他动物的IFN-γ基因核苷酸及氨基酸序列比较,亲缘关系越远,同源性越低。     

Anti-diabetic effects of emodin involved in the activation of PPARγ on high-fat diet-fed and low dose of streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice

Rheum palmatum Linn has been widely applied in the clinical treatment of diabetes mellitus. It has been found that emodin as the major bioactive component of R. palmatum L exhibits the competency to activate peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) in vitro. So the aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-diabetic effects of emodin through the activation of PPARγ on high-fat diet-fed and low dose of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. The diabetic mice were intraperitoneally injected with emodin for three weeks. No changes of food consumption and the body weight in emodin-treated mice were monitored daily during the entire experiment. At the end of experiment, the levels of blood glucose, triglyceride and total cholesterol in serum were significantly decreased after emodin treatment. However, serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc) concentration was significantly elevated. The glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in emodin-treated group were significantly improved. Furthermore, the results of quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed that emodin significantly elevated the mRNA expression level of PPARγ and regulated the mRNA expressions of LPL, FAT/CD36, resistin and FABPs (ap2) in liver and adipocyte tissues. No effects on the mRNA expressions of PPARα and PPARα-target genes were observed. Taken together, the results suggested that the activation of PPARγ and the modulation of metabolism-related genes were likely involved in the anti-diabetic effects of emodin.     

二氧化碳厌氧处理对藤茶GABA含量的影响

为制备富含γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)藤茶(Ampelopsis grossedentata),采用二氧化碳(CO_2)厌氧处理野生藤茶和人工栽培藤茶鲜叶,经杀青、烘干和粉碎后,利用丙酮和AlCl_3去除色素,分光光度法测定藤茶中GABA的含量。结果表明:未厌氧处理时,藤茶中GABA含量为0.874 9~1.270 7mg/g;而CO_2厌氧处理4h,野生藤茶和人工藤茶中GABA含量均达最高值,分别为1.751 8mg/g和2.509 3mg/g;CO_2厌氧处理4h能显著提高野生藤茶和人工藤茶GABA的含量。     

理化诱变亚麻M1农艺性状的初步分析

为了给亚麻种质创新和品种遗传改良提供优质种质资源,利用60 co-7射线（200Gy、350Gy和500Gy）和甲基磺酸乙酯（EMS）（0．2％处理30h和0．3％处理24h）分别对亚麻黑亚19种子进行诱变处理,处理后在田间进行M-农艺性状的观察和分析。结果表明：经过理化诱变的亚麻在M,即可得到叶色、叶形、株高、分枝、茎粗、花色、花形和不育等多种性状变异的突变体,为亚麻突变体库的构建奠定了良好的基础。研究还发现,理化诱变对亚麻M,成苗率和种子产量的影响有所不同。高剂量60 Co-7射线诱变的亚麻成苗率较低,但种子产量不低;高浓度EMS诱变的亚麻成苗率较高,但大多数是不育植株,导致种子产量较低。