Immunohistochemical expression of interferon-γ in different types of granulomatous lesions associated with bovine paratuberculosis

Animals infected with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map) show a variety of lesions, from focal forms, seen in subclinical stages to diffuse lesions in clinical cases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the local expression of IFN-γ by immunohistochemistry in relation with the type of lesion in naturally Map-infected cows. The number of immunolabelled cells, −the majority morphologically consistent with lymphocytes-, was higher in focal and diffuse paucibacillary forms than in diffuse multibacillary lesions, where they appeared closely related to epithelioid cells. Diffuse multibacillary lesions had the lowest numbers, but higher than controls, and positive cells were intermingled among the macrophages. The peripheral IFN-γ production was higher in all Map infected cows and a positive correlation was found with the number of immunolabelled cells in the intestine. The findings of this study show that IFN-γ would play a role in the development of the different types of lesions in paratuberculosis, and also points out the importance of adequate sampling of lymphoid tissue containing samples when studying the local immune response in which IFN-γ expression may be involved, especially in cases where focal lesions are present.     

γ-戊内酯/水复合溶剂体系中金属硫酸盐催化半纤维素定向转化制备糠醛

以廉价金属硫酸盐为催化剂,在γ-戊内酯/水复合溶剂中催化半纤维素定向转化制备糠醛,糠醛得率高达50.2%,半纤维素液化转化率达95.5%。在γ-戊内酯/水复合溶剂中,以金属硫酸盐为催化剂进一步研究了直接催化木质纤维生物质原料玉米芯和竹粉定向转化制备糠醛,其中糠醛得率分别达39.5%、29.7%,木质纤维原料液化转化率分别达86.5%、80.5%。     

Spatiotemporal heterogeneity of PPARγ expression in porcine uteroplacenta for regulating of placental angiogenesis through VEGF-mediated signalling

Non-infectious prenatal mortality severely affects the porcine industry, with pathological placentation as a likely key reason. Previous studies have demonstrated that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) deficiency causes defects in the uteroplacental vasculature and induces embryonic losses in mice. However, its role in porcine placental angiogenesis remains unclear. In the present study, PPARγ expression was investigated in porcine uteroplacental tissues at gestational day (GD) 25, GD40 and GD70 via quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), Western blot and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Moreover, the roles of PPARγ in porcine placental angiogenesis were investigated using a cell model of porcine umbilical vein endothelial cells (PUVECs) to conduct proliferation, migration and tube formation assays in vitro and a mouse xenograft model to assess capillary formation in vivo. The results showed that PPARγ was mainly located in the glandular epithelium, trophoblast, amniotic chorion epithelium and vascular endothelium, as indicated by the higher expression levels at GD25 and GD40 than at GD70 in endometrium and by higher expression levels at GD40 and GD70 than at GD25 in placenta. Moreover, PPARγ expression was significantly downregulated in placenta with dead foetus. In PUVECs, knocking out PPARγ significantly inhibited proliferation, migration and tube formation in vitro and inhibited capillary formation in mouse xenografts in vivo by blocking S-phase, promoting apoptosis and downregulating the angiogenic factors of VEGF and its receptors. Overall, the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of PPARγ expression in porcine uteroplacental tissue suggests its vital role in endometrial remodelling and placental angiogenesis, and PPARγ regulates placental angiogenesis through VEGF-mediated signalling.     

EMS和60^Co-γ射线辐照复合诱变黄麻突变体苗期生理生化特性研究

为丰富黄麻种质资源和扩大突变体容量,本研究采用物理诱变（60^Co-γ）和化学诱变（EMS）相结合的方法,以＂中黄麻4号＂等7个黄麻品种为材料,观察记录诱变黄麻苗期的形态学变化,分析诱变黄麻的代谢特性和抗性指标。结果表明EMS和60^Co-γ射线对黄麻幼苗的叶片产生不同程度的损伤,前者主要导致叶片卷曲,后者导致叶片分叉。复合诱变导致黄麻幼苗脯氨酸含量、丙二醛含量和根系活力提高。而可溶性蛋白、SOD活性和POD活性变化则品种之间呈现差异。本研究为黄麻种质创新的方法提供了参考,并且丰富了黄麻突变体的材料。     

家蚕G蛋白γ1亚基(BmGγ1)的克隆及其谷胱甘肽硫转移酶融合蛋白的表达与纯化

异三元G蛋白是真核细胞感知外界信号后将信号传递到胞内的重要分子,参与生物体广泛的信号转导。为了研究家蚕体内G蛋白的生理功能及其作用机制,运用生物信息学方法预测了家蚕G蛋白γ1亚基(Gγ1)的序列,设计引物验证预测序列后,克隆了家蚕Gγ1的序列,再通过酶切克隆至表达载体pET-41b(+)后,导入E.coliBL21宿主菌中,经异丙基β-D-硫代半乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导表达重组谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(glutathione s-transferase,GST)融合蛋白,并亲和层析纯化表达产物。家蚕Gγ1重组GST融合蛋白经SDS-PAGE电泳和Western blot分析,在分子质量约36 kD处出现特异性蛋白条带,重组蛋白经GST亲和层析柱纯化后,得到了高纯度的融合蛋白,说明已经成功克隆到家蚕Gγ1基因,并在E.coliBL21中高效表达。     

PP1γ2对树鼩精子成熟和运动性的调控作用研究

为了阐明树鼩精子中是否存在丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白磷酸酶1γ2(PP1γ2)及其在附睾精子中的存在形式,进而探究PP1γ2对精子成熟和运动性的调控作用,本试验以树鼩为研究对象,采用Western blotting分析了不同条件下树鼩附睾头和附睾尾精子中PP1γ2的存在形式和磷酸化程度,探讨了双丁酰环腺苷酸(db-cAMP)、3-异丁基-1-甲基黄嘌呤(IBMX)或Ca²⁺对树鼩精子中PP1γ2磷酸化表达水平的影响,并进一步研究了磷酸酶抑制剂冈田酸(okadaic acid,OA)和花萼海绵诱癌素A(calyculin A,CA)对树鼩精子中PP1γ2磷酸化程度的影响及其对树鼩附睾头和附睾尾精子运动度的影响。结果显示,在树鼩附睾头和附睾尾精子中均存在PP1γ2,且在等量的附睾头和附睾尾精子蛋白中,PP1γ2在附睾尾精子的磷酸化程度远高于附睾头精子;db-cAMP、IBMX或Ca²⁺不改变PP1γ2的磷酸化水平;磷酸酶抑制剂OA和CA能明显提高附睾头和附睾尾中PP1γ2磷酸化的程度,且能显著提高精子(尤其是附睾头精子)的运动度(P<0.05),OA和CA的最佳作用浓度分别为1μmol/L和10 nmol/L,最佳作用时间分别为15、20 min。本研究结果表明,蛋白磷酸酶PP1γ2对树鼩精子成熟及运动性具有重要的调控作用,其主要通过磷酸化和去磷酸化的变化发挥作用。     

Effect of quinoa flour on gluten-free bread batter rheology and bread quality

A new gluten-free bread formulations composed of quinoa, buckwheat, rice flour and potato starch were developed in the present study. Rheological characteristics of the bread batter with increasing amount of quinoa were determined; storage (G′) and loss modulus (G″) values were also measured for investigation of viscoelastic properties. To evaluate the quality of breads; technological and physical (bake loss %, specific volume, texture, microstructure, color), chemical (protein, moisture, ash) and sensory properties were determined. All batter formulations independent of the quinoa amount exhibited pseudoplastic behavior, and G′ values were found to be higher than G″ values in expressing the solid like characteristics of the batter. Amount of quinoa flour addition did not present significant difference on bake loss%, specific volume and protein content (p>0.05); however, 25% quinoa flour bread displayed better results with its higher sensory scores and softer texture. Quinoa and buckwheat flour mixture therefore will be a good alternative for conventional gluten-free bread formulations.     

月季新品种‘燕妮’、‘绿野’和‘哈雷彗星’

‘燕妮’,月季切花品种,花橙粉色,淡香,单株年产切花量约20枝。‘绿野’和‘哈雷彗星’,庭院绿化月季品种,生长势旺盛,花期长,抗逆性强。‘绿野’花重瓣,浅黄转浅绿色,盘状;‘哈雷彗星’花重瓣,复色,初放时为金黄色,日晒后产生红晕。     

鸡α-干扰素对罗曼雏鸡免疫功能的影响

为研究鸡α-干扰素对罗曼雏鸡免疫功能的影响,将60羽健康1日龄罗曼雏鸡随机分为2组,即对照组、试验组。试验组鸡于1日龄胸肌注射鸡-α干扰素,0.5 mL/羽;对照组鸡同期每羽注射生理盐水0.5 mL。试验开始后,于第4 d、8 d、12 d、16 d、20 d对鸡进行翅下静脉采血,并于20日龄剖杀摘取免疫器官。研究表明,鸡注射α-干扰素后,其外周血液ANAE+T淋巴细胞百分率和鸡脾相对湿重显著高于对照组,鸡α-干扰素在一定范围内可提高雏鸡免疫功能。     

包膜材料γ-聚谷氨酸对菜心的农学效应

【目的】考察施用γ-聚谷氨酸（γ-PGA）对菜心生长、产量、品质和养分吸收的影响,揭示γ-PGA的农学施用效应。【方法】在酸性土壤（pH 5.89）和强酸性土壤（pH 4.85）以菜心为供试作物进行盆栽试验。在常规施肥（施N 1.33 g/kg土,分5次施入土壤）的基础上,设不施γ-PGA包裹型肥料（T1）、分5次施用γ-PGA 0.53 mg/kg土（T2）和1.06 mg/kg（T3）、在定苗一周后一次性淋施γ-PGA 0.53 mg/kg土（T4）和1.06 mg/kg土（T5）5个处理。调查了菜心根系活力、养分含量、养分吸收累积量、叶片抗氧化系统、菜心产量及品质。【结果】酸性、强酸性土壤上,γ-PGA处理（T2、T3、T4、T5）的伤流强度均高于T1,且T3、T4、T5的伤流液氨基酸输出强度显著高于T1,平均增幅分别达到38.1%、33.2%、44.2%（P < 0.05）。酸性土壤上,T2、T3、T4、T5处理的菜心钙、镁含量显著高于T1（P < 0.05）,菜心钙的增幅分别为29.6%、21.8%、26.4%、22.7%,镁的增幅分别为11.7%、8.3%、22.2%、16.7%,锌、锰也有一定程度的提高;强酸性土壤上不同处理的菜心养分含量没有差异。T2、T3、T4、T5处理的氮、磷、钾、钙、镁、铜、锌、铁、锰累积量均显著高于T1;T4、T5处理的菜心叶片可溶性蛋白显著高于T1（P < 0.05）,T2、T3、T4、T5处理的菜心叶片CAT活性显著高于T1（P < 0.05）;而酸性土壤上,仅T3处理的菜心叶片CAT活性显著高于T1处理（P < 0.05）。酸性、强酸性土壤上,T3、T4处理的菜心叶片SOD活性显著高于T1（P < 0.05）;不同处理的菜心叶片POD活性没有差异;T2、T3、T4、T5处理的菜心产量均显著高于T1（P < 0.05）,在酸性土壤上增幅分别为4.4%、7.3%、12.2%、12.3%,强酸性土壤上分别为9.7%、14.2%、12.2%、12.39%。两种类型土壤上,T2、T3、T4、T5处理的菜心地上部分和根系生物量均显著高于T1处理（P < 0.05）。T4、T5处理的Vc含量和游离氨基酸含量显著高于T1（P < 0.05）,T2、T3、T4、T5处理的硝酸盐含量显著低于T1（P < 0.05）。γ-PGA淋施处理（T4、T5）的菜心根系活力、养分含量、养分累积量、叶片抗氧化能力、产量和品质均优于γ-PGA包裹肥料施用处理（T2、T3）。不同γ-PGA用量水平不影响菜心产量、品质、养分含量及叶片抗氧化能力。在酸性土壤上,γ-PGA对菜心养分吸收累积影响更为显著,而在强酸性土壤上,γ-PGA对菜心叶片抗氧化能力影响更突出。【结论】施用γ-PGA可提高菜心根系活力,促进菜心对养分,尤其是中微量元素的吸收,并增强菜心抗逆性,产量显著提高,一次施用效果好于分多次施用。