发芽粟谷中谷氨酸脱羧酶的主要酶学性质初探

[目的]探讨发芽粟谷[Setaria italica（L.）Beauv.]中谷氨酸脱羧酶（GAD）的主要酶学性质。[方法]以发芽粟谷为试材,研究发芽粟谷GAD的活性及其主要酶学性质。[结果]发芽粟谷GAD最适温度为40℃,其耐热性较差,32℃保温1 h后其酶活保持率为86.3%;发芽粟谷GAD最适pH值为5.5,在pH值5.0～5.5范围内酶活保持率在80.0%以上;发芽粟GAD对Glu的Km为22.36mmol/L,Vmax为2.28μmol/min;Ca2＋、Mg2＋、Li＋、PLP和VB6对发芽粟谷GAD活力具有促进作用,而Zn2＋、La3＋、Cu2＋起抑制作用,Mn2＋、Na＋、Fe2＋和EGTA则无显著影响。[结论]该研究可为利用发芽粟谷内源GAD富集GABA提供理论依据。     

重组鸡γ-干扰素对H5亚型禽流感灭活苗的免疫增强作用

为研究重组鸡γ-干扰素(Chicken interferonγ,ChIFN-γ)对禽流感灭活疫苗的免疫增强效果,使用重组鸡γ-干扰素作为免疫佐剂,联合禽流感灭活疫苗采用胸部肌肉注射的方式免疫SPF雏鸡,免疫后每周测定血清抗体效价、免疫器官T、B淋巴细胞转化水平,攻毒后计算攻毒保护率。结果表明,鸡γ-干扰素提高了血清抗体水平,免疫器官T、B淋巴细胞转化水平和攻毒保护率,与疫苗组相比多数指标差异显著(P0.05)。鸡γ-干扰素对H5亚型禽流感灭活疫苗具有免疫增强作用。     

纳米硅对Cd胁迫下水稻幼苗γ-ECS基因表达的影响

为了探明外源纳米硅对缓解植物Cd毒害的分子机制,本文以核基因延伸因子(EF-/α)作为内参,利用半定量反转录聚合酶链式反应技术,对Cd胁迫下的水稻γ-谷氨酰半胱氨酸合成酶(γ-ECS)基因的表达进行了研究.结果发现:γ-ECS基因在水稻的叶、根中均表达,外源纳米硅不同时间处理后水稻叶片和根中γ-ECS基因的表达稍微有所增强.研究表明,用半定量RT-PCR技术研究水稻基因表达,具有特异性高、操作简便和可靠性强的优点.     

外源γ-氨基丁酸对盐碱胁迫下甜瓜幼苗光合作用影响

为了探讨外源γ-氨基丁酸对盐胁迫下甜瓜的生长发育的影响,以甜瓜品种一品天下208为材料,采用水培法研究了外源γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)对盐碱胁迫下甜瓜幼苗的干物质积累、叶绿素含量、光合参数以及叶绿素荧光参数的影响。结果表明:盐碱胁迫下甜瓜幼苗的干物质积累量、叶绿素含量、净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)、PSII的最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、光合电子传递速率(ETR)、PSII的实际量子效率(ФPSII)、光化学猝灭系数(qP)显著降低(P0.05),而非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)、气孔限制值(Ls)显著升高(P0.05);叶面喷施外源γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)可显著提高盐胁迫下甜瓜幼苗的干物质积累、叶绿素含量、Pn、Gs、Tr、Ci、Fv/Fm、ETR、ФPSII、qP(P0.05),降低NPQ、Ls(P0.05)。研究表明外源GABA可提高盐碱胁迫下甜瓜幼苗叶片的光合能力,增加植株的干物质积累,有效地缓解盐碱胁迫对甜瓜幼苗生长的抑制作用。     

利用枯草芽孢杆菌发酵生产γ-聚谷氨酸

利用实验室筛选得到的一株枯草芽孢杆菌发酵生产γ-聚谷氨酸(γ-PGA),主要对其发酵工艺参数进行了优化。先通过单因素优化及PB试验筛选重要因子,然后利用Box-Behnken优化发酵工艺最佳组合,获得了最佳培养基组成和最佳培养条件,且在摇床水平上使γ-PGA产量由最初的6.03 g·L~(-1)提高到10.98 g·L~(-1)。接着通过对补料工艺的探索,确定了最佳补料时间和补料配方,最后在5 L发酵罐上进行了放大生产,最终γ-PGA的最高产量可达到31.18 g·L~(-1)。     

Environmental conditions rather than microbial inoculum composition determine the bacterial composition,microbial biomass and enzymatic activity of reconstructed soil microbial communities

The composition of microbial communities and the level of enzymatic activity in the soil are both important indicators of soil quality, but the mechanisms by which a soil bacterial community is generated and maintained are not yet fully understood. Two soil samples were collected from the same location, but each had been subjected to a different long-term fertilization treatment and was characterized by different microbial diversity, biomass and physicochemical properties. These samples were γ-sterilized and swap inoculated. Non-sterilized soil samples along with sterilized and inoculated soil samples were incubated for eight months before their nutrient content, microbial biomass, enzymatic activity and bacterial composition were analyzed. Total phosphorus, and potassium concentrations along with the overall organic matter content of the non-sterilized soil were all equal to those of the same soil that had been sterilized and self/swap inoculated. Additionally, the microbial biomass carbon concentration was not affected by the specific inoculum and varied only by soil type. The activities of catalase, invertase, urease, protease, acid phosphatase and phytase were smaller in the sterilized soils that had been inoculated with organisms from chemical fertilizer amended soil (NPK) when compared to sterilized soil inoculated with organisms from manure and chemical fertilizer amended soil (NPKM) and non-sterilized soil samples. Bacterial 16S rRNA examined by 454-pyrosequencing revealed that the composition of bacterial community reconstructed by immigrant microbial inoculum in the soil was mainly influenced by its physicochemical properties, although the microbial inoculum contained different abundances of bacterial taxa. For example, the pH of the soil was the dominant factor in reconstructing a new bacterial community. Taken together, these results demonstrated that both soil microbial composition and functionality were primarily determined by soil properties rather than the microbial inoculum, which contributed to our understanding of how soil microbial communities are generated and maintained.     

基于Diurnal在线软件分析拟南芥生物节律基因对GABA的响应

Diurnal是一个基于网络的在线分析工具,利用该工具可以得到几种模式植物基因组范围内的昼夜和生物钟节律基因表达的变化规律。这一在线分析软件是一个可供搜索的数据库,它提供了几个基于网络的界面友好的数据挖掘工具,其结果以一种易于理解的方式呈现。在该研究中首先介绍了这个在线软件的使用方法,然后分析了几个拟南芥生物钟节律基因和开花基因在长日照条件下的表达模型,这些结果可以以图形和数字的方式下载用于后续的特定研究。结合在线数据,该研究表明,γ-氨基丁酸（GABA在1.0mmol/L）可以改变3个生物钟核心节律基因（TOC1,CCA1和LHY）的表达模式,这种模式的改变主要是增加了这些基因表达的幅度。     

桑叶中γ-氨基丁酸含量及富集方法的研究进展

综述桑叶中γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)的含量及富集方法的研究进展,介绍了桑叶品种、叶龄、叶位和不同采摘季节对桑叶中γ-氨基丁酸含量的影响;厌氧、添加外源物、低温冷激、红外线照射等处理可提高桑叶γ-氨基丁酸的含量。桑叶作为一种富含γ-氨基丁酸的蛋白质资源,具有可观的开发前景。在桑叶中γ-氨基丁酸的富集方法,如红外线照射处理、低温冷激处理等方面还有进一步研究的空间。     

酿酒酵母菌关键酶基因剔除对谷胱甘肽合成的影响

[目的]通过基因工程手段改良酿酒酵母菌以提高谷胱甘肽的产量。[方法]利用基因重组技术分别构建CYS3基因剔除菌和CYS4基因剔除菌,对比了野生菌与突变酵母菌的生长曲线,并定量检测2者中谷胱甘肽和氨基酸的含量,得出CYS3基因和CYS4基因剔除对谷胱甘肽和氨基酸代谢的影响程度。[结果]与野生菌株相比,CYS3基因剔除菌中谷胱甘肽含量降低了26.1%,CYS4基因剔除菌中谷胱甘肽含量提高了6.0%。[结论]综合CYS3和CYS4基因剔除和其他在谷胱甘肽代谢途径中关键酶基因剔除试验结果所得数据,可以建立酿酒酵母谷胱甘肽代谢网络系统生物学模型。