小麦子粒蛋白质及其组分含量的遗传分析——Ⅰ 杂种优势和配合力分析

以6个小麦品种(品系)为亲本,按Grfffmg方法2组配一套完全双列杂交组合,研究小麦子粒蛋白质含量和蛋白质组分含量的配合力和杂种优势。结果表明:(1)醇溶蛋白和麦谷蛋白绝对含量、醇溶蛋白和球蛋白相对含量4个性状的遗传主要受加性基因的控制,子粒蛋白质含量的遗传受加性和非加性基因共同控制,但以加性基因效应为主。(2)同一性状不同亲本的一般配合力效应差异很大,亲本郑州831的子粒蛋白含量、麦谷蛋白和醇溶蛋白绝对含量的GCA效应较高,可作为优质亲本使用。不同组合间的SCA效应与超亲优势呈正相关关系。醇溶蛋白相对含量和球蛋白绝对含量的超亲优势为正向优势,而其它性状均表现为负向超亲优势。本文还对参试亲本的利用价值进行了讨论。     

T型小麦杂种优势在盐碱地表现的分析——Ⅱ盐碱地T型小麦子粒产量杂种优势形成的遗传分析

利用6×4不完全双列杂交产生的F_1及其亲本,采用稳定性分析和配合力分析的方法对盐碱地和正常地子粒产量杂种优势表现差异的原因进行了遗传分析。结果表明:杂种作为一个整体在单株粒重方面对土壤环境的反应比亲本稳定,低产田种植杂种比亲本更为有利。单株生物学产量和收获指数方面杂种比亲本对土壤环境反应敏感,在适于表现其遗传能力的环境中杂种表现更加充分。杂种优势主要来源于基因的非加性效应,即特殊配合力效应。杂种的主要性状如单株生物产量,收获指数,单株子粒产量较高的杂种优势都表现在非加性基因效应占主导地位或特殊配合力方差与一般配合力方差的比值较高的土壤环境中。     

两系法籼粳亚种间杂种一代优势与亲本遗传差异关系的研究

以遗传力较高且与产量密切相关的性状，以及反映籼粳稻遗传差异的部分籼粳分类性状，估测亲本间遗传距离。同时研究了代表双亲遗传差异的遗传距离与籼粳亚种间杂种一代优势的关系。结果表明：随着亲本间遗传距离增大，亚种间Ｆ１的株高、播种至抽穗日数、穗长、每穗颖花数、每穗实粒数和单株草重显著增加；在广亲和基因参预下，随着亲本间遗传距离增大，亚种间Ｆ１的千粒重、结实率和充实系数等结实特性变差但并不严重，遗传距离较大的亚种间Ｆ１平均单株粒重优势显著大于品种间Ｆ１，但遗传距离与亚种间Ｆ１，单株粒重优势的相关系数（－０．０１９）不显著。本文还就遗传距离在预测预报籼粳亚种间杂种一代优势方面的应用进行了讨论。     

甘蓝（Brassica cleracea）与菜心（Brassica parachinensis）F1花粉植株杂种优势利用研究初报

以甘蓝与菜心种间杂种F1代花粉植株为母本，与3个菜心品种杂交，杂种后代性状表现偏向父本，并在株高，叶面积和单株产量等方面表现出强烈的生长优势，杂种后代还原糖和蛋白质含量均表现出明显的超亲优势，游离氨基酸含量处于两亲本之间，不同组合的杂种优势表现有一定差异。     

Analysis of combining ability for stem-related traits and its correlations with lodging resistance heterosis in hybrid wheat

With the application of hybrid wheat, lodging is becoming one of the major factors limiting high yield in its production. However,few studies have focused on combining ability and heterosis analysis of stem-related traits. In this study, 24 crosses were made according to NCII genetic design, using the three(photo-sensitive male sterile lines)×eight(restorer lines) incomplete diallel crosses. The length of basal second internode(LBSI) and breaking strength of basal second internode(BSBSI)as well ...     

西门塔尔牛与我国地方黄牛的杂种优势预测分析

旨在利用覆盖全基因组和与性状相关的SNPs标记分析西门塔尔牛和地方黄牛两个亲本群体的遗传结构,通过亲本种群之间的遗传距离预测不同杂交组合在生长、胴体和肉质性状上的杂种优势.本研究选择来自内蒙古锡林郭勒盟乌拉盖管理区牧场的1 222头西门塔尔牛和8个地方黄牛品种190头共组成8个杂交组合,对亲本群体进行遗传结构分析.利用...     

杂交水稻叶瘟抗性杂种优势的遗传分析

 本文用水稻7个不育系、7个恢复系及其按NCⅡ设计配制的49个杂交组合,在4个指标上研究了杂交水稻叶瘟抗性的杂种优势和遗传。结果表明:杂交水稻的叶瘟抗性不仅具有较强的杂种优势,而且在组合间变异很大;叶瘟抗性遗传力高,其受加性和非加性遗传共同控制,但加性遗传明显较为重要,源于恢复系的加性效应明显相对重要于不育系的加性效应;亲本叶瘟抗性与其一般配合力效应呈显著或极显著正相关;缙恢1号具有较好的一般配合力效应和较大的特殊配合力方差,可作为优良抗病亲本加以利用,K42A、K40A、多恢1号、成恢149具有较好的一般配合力效应和较小的特殊配合力方差,在抗稻瘟育种中具有较大利用价值。讨论认为:在抗叶瘟育种中,对亲本的抗性评鉴和选育抗病亲本尤其是恢复系至关重要,但不能以此忽略对杂交组合的抗性评鉴。     

Analysis on Competitive Heterosis of Hybrid F1 and F2 between Transgenic Bt Varieties of Upland Cotton

[Objective] The purpose of this study is to supply basis for selecting strong heterosis hybrid and the feasibility of F₂ utilization, by evaluating yield heterosis and fiber quality traits of hybrid F₁ and F₂ generated by transgenic Bt varieties in upland cotton. [Method] Ten upland cotton varieties (lines) with good comprehensive characteristics were selected to produce 10 crosses, and four of them with better competitive heterosis (CH) in yield were screened out to analyze the lint yield and fiber traits of F₁ and F₂. [Result] The results indicated there was a strong CH in yield of F₁, but the yearly variation was large. Hybrids performed better in the poor production year. The CH in yield decreased obviously in most of the F₂ combinations. Further analysis showed that the decrease of boll weight was the main cause of drop of yield CH in F₂. The fiber quality index in F₂ showed a downward trend compared with F₁, and the coefficient of range and variation(CV) increased. The coefficient of variation of quality traits was much lower than that of yield components, with a trend of F₁ < SCRC 28 (CK) and F₂ > F₁. The CH of lint yield and fiber traits changed between F₁ and F₂ in different combinations. We screened out a combination with higher CH of yield in both F₁ and F₂, and with less decreased yield CH, fine fiber quality and light separation in F₂. [Conclusion] The hybrids generated by transgenic Bt varieties in upland cotton characterized by strong adversity resistance and yield stability. Fine fiber quality and light separation in F₂ came from crosses with the parents of fine fiber quality and small differences. So, it is possible for breedersto select valuable F₂ combinations in production.     

基因型×环境互作效应对水稻茎秆抗倒性杂种优势的影响

用包括基因型×环境互作效应的加性—显性—加性×加性上位性遗传模型和统计方法 ,对水稻茎秆抗倒性杂种优势进行了研究 .结果表明 ,评价水稻茎秆抗倒性的 5个性状 (秆长、茎粗、茎基抗折力、秆型指数和抗倒指数 )的杂种优势既由基因型控制也受环境 (年份 )互作效应影响 .茎粗对环境的敏感性较弱 ,表现较低的正向群体平均优势和负向群体超亲优势 .基因型×环境互作效应影响了秆型指数和抗倒指数杂种优势表达的程度和方向 .秆长、茎基抗折力在不同环境中均表现正向基因型×环境互作效应 ,这表明随着环境的改善均可增强杂种优势     

低酚棉品种间杂种优势及配合力研究

以８个低酚棉品种（系）为亲本材料,按Ｇｒｉｆｆｉｎｇ４方法配制杂交组合。对２８个组合的Ｆ１代进行了分析,结果表明,低酚棉品种（系）间杂种Ｆ１具有较强的杂种优势,其籽棉产量和皮棉产量的最大超标优势分别达到２７．７４％和２４．５９％,对亲本１０个性状的配合力方差分析表明,亲本一般配合力均达到显或极显水平,另有５个性状的组合特殊配合力达到显水平,配合力效应分析表明,中无１０５１和中棉所１８号的综合