锈色粒肩天牛与寄主树种关系的初步研究

在连续 3a的定位观测和分析基础上 ,本文初步报道了锈色粒肩天牛与文献报道中的几种寄主树种之间的关系。结果如下 :(1)根据室内饲养下成虫对不同树种的取食及产卵情况和在不同树种上接种 (卵 )的幼虫情况 ,可将几种寄主树种分为 4类 :高感树种 (国槐 )、低感树种 (云实、黄檀 )、抗虫树种 (刺槐 )、免疫树种 (旱柳 ) ;(2 )酚酸类物质在旱柳中的含量 (3 0 3～ 9 73mg·(10 0g) - 1 ) ,显著高于其它树种中的含量 (1 71～5 39mg·(10 0g) - 1 ) ,可能是锈色粒肩天牛在旱柳上表现拒食、拒产卵、拒钻蛀的重要原因。氨基酸含量较高、组分相对最全 (17种 ) ,以及较高的C N值 ,是国槐基本营养物质的显著特征 ,这可能是锈色粒肩天牛嗜食国槐 ,对其造成严重危害的根本原因。锈色粒肩天牛很少取食危害刺槐 ,这与刺槐树种的各部分C N值过低 ,造成营养失调有关。黄檀木材纤维平均长度为 0 837mm ,平均宽度为 18 90 μm ,长宽比为 5 0 96 ,其韧性是参试树种中最大的 ,因而可能造成幼虫啃食困难 ,加上木材中的C N低 (0 36 ) ,因此 ,具有较强的抗虫性。云实树皮薄而光滑 ,造成成虫产卵困难 ,因此 ,在自然状态下 ,锈色粒肩天牛不易对其产生危害。     

不同授粉方式对岑溪软枝油茶家系林座果率的影响研究

为探明不同授粉方式对岑溪软枝油茶家系林座果率的影响,采取异株异花授粉、同株异花授粉、同花人工授粉、同花授粉、对照5种不同方式对岑溪软枝油茶进行处理。结果表明：岑溪软枝油茶异株异花授粉处理的座果率最高,为43.33%～63.33%,显著高于其他4种处理。油茶为自交不亲和物种,可通过人工异株异花授粉提高座果率的方式改善岑溪软枝油茶家系林花多果少、产量偏低的问题。     

Herbivory by the pine weevil (Hylobius abietis L.) and short-snouted weevils (Strophosoma melanogrammum Forst. and Otiorhynchus scaber L.) during the conversion of a wind-thrown Norway spruce forest into a mixed-species plantation

The influence of above-ground insect herbivory and other agents of damage to seedlings was studied in a field experiment. Nine different tree species were planted in each of five randomised blocks. The species were: Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertner, Betula pendula Roth., Fagus sylvatica L., Fraxinus excelsior L., Larix eurolepis Henry, Picea abies (L.) Karst., Prunus avium L., Quercus robur L. and Tilia cordata Mill. The seedlings were monitored through the 2000–2002 growing seasons. Pine weevils (Hylobius abietis L.) fed significantly more on Norway spruce seedlings than on all other tree species. The following rough preference order was obtained: Norway sprucelarch>birch, beech, oak>cherry>alder, ash, lime. Thus, during the conversion of single-species coniferous plantations to mixed-species broadleaved stands, the use of costly insecticides against pine weevil is not required. Short-snouted weevils (e.g. Strophosoma melanogrammum Forst. and Otiorhynchus scaber L.) and other insects caused leaf and needle area loss primarily during the first growing season.     

Plant biotechnology: A case study ofBacillus thuringiensis (Bt) and its application to the future of genetic engineered trees

Agricultural productivity may be raised in a sustainable way by many different technologies such as biological fertilizers, soil and water conservation, biodiversity conservation, improved pest control, and changes in land ownership and distribution. Of these measures, biotechnology applications probably hold the most promise in augmenting conventional agricultural productivity, because biotechnology applications give not only the need to increase production, but also protect the environment and conserving natural resources for future generations. Biotechnology applications will have the possibilities to increase productivity and food availability through better agronomic performance of new varieties, including resistance to pests; rapid multiplication of disease-free plants; ability to obtain natural plant products using tissue culture; diagnosis of diseases of plants and livestock; manipulation of reproduction methods increasing the efficiency of breeding; and the provision of incentives for greater participation by the private sector through investments. Insect resistance through the transfer of a gene for resistance fromBacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is one of the most advanced biotechnology applications already being commercialized in many parts of the world. This paper reviews the development and the status ofBt technology and application ofBt transgenic plants in current agriculture, and discusses specific issues related to the transfer of the technology to the future of genetic engineered trees with emphasis on conifers. Biography: Tang Wei (1964-), male, Ph. Doctor, Research associate, Department of Biology, Howell Science Complex, East Carelina University, Greenville, NC 27858-4353, USA. Responsible editor: Chal Ruihai     

美观新颖的昆虫标本制作

为了保护环境，减少昆虫资源的浪费，介绍表面皿标本，琥珀标本，蝴蝶珍藏卡等标本制作方法。     

天目蜜李丰产技术研究

配置一定比例授粉树种，是提高授粉效果获得丰产的基础。授粉树比例幼龄期高于成龄期，授粉树花期应与天目蜜李基本一致、果形近似、品质好、抗性强的优良品种，这样才能确保果品的质量与产量。     

成都平原西缘笋用竹病虫害种类与分布

为了查明笋用竹病虫害种类及分布危害,为保障笋用竹产业发展和产品安全提供基础信息,采用踏查和标准地调查结合,并辅以灯诱的方法,对成都市主要笋用竹基地以及部分景区和社区竹林地病虫害开展了全面调查。结果显示,成都市笋用竹病虫害共45种,其中害虫38种,病害7种;对危害面积较大的病虫害分布和危害情况进行了分析,提出成都市笋用竹病虫害防控建议。     

毛白杨树皮内含物对光肩星天牛抗性的探讨

毛白杨树皮内含物对光肩星天牛抗性的探讨王蕤，巨关升，秦锡祥（中国林业科学研究院林业研究所北京１０００９１）关键词杨树，抗性，酚酸，酚甙光启星天牛（ＡｎｏｐｌｏｐｈｏｒａｓｌａｂｒｉｐｅｎｎｉｓＭｏｔｓｈ．）对杨树危害严重，受害的树种多，涉及的地域广，...     

阿坝州花椒蛀干害虫调查研究

对阿坝州花椒人工林蛀干害虫进行了较全面的调查.结果表明：阿坝州椒树受蛀干害虫危害严重,平均危害率85.2％,全州椒树平均寿命不超过8年.蛀干害虫种类复杂,主要有嫩枝天牛、虎斑天牛、台湾狭天牛、椒树长足象鼻虫等.随着海拔的不同,蛀干害虫的分布有较大差异.低海拔区以嫩枝天牛、椒树长足象鼻虫为主,高海拔区则以虎斑天牛、台湾狭天牛为主.     

保护地栽植矮甜李授粉方法选择试验

日光节能温室内种植的矮甜李选择授粉方法是获得高产的关键。通过人工点授、自然授粉、室内放蜂、液体授粉 4种方法的对比 ,总结出 4种授粉方法的坐果率为人工点授 (3 1 .0 7% ) >室内放蜂 (2 1 % ) >液体授粉 (9.5 3 % ) >自然授粉 (0 .1 6% ) ,从试验结果看出 ,保护地种植矮甜李必须进行辅助授粉 ,否则无产量。从经济、快捷、简便的角度出发 ,以室内放蜂为最佳授粉方法 ,放蜂量为 1 0 0 0头 /棚。