昆虫对病原真菌的防御机制研究进展

从昆虫的体壁防御、先天免疫、体温升高和免疫缺陷4个方面,阐述昆虫对真菌的防御机制及其自身的防御缺陷、病原真菌对昆虫识别的逃避对策的研究进展。     

杂交水稻机械化制种技术的研究现状与发展策略

介绍国内外杂交水稻全程机械化制种技术的研究现状,概述实现杂交水稻机械化制种的几种途径及其不足之处,探讨杂交水稻机械化制种的对策及应用前景。     

桂北地区蟋蟀物候对气候变暖的响应

对桂北地区蟋蟀始鸣和终鸣以及气候变化多年同步观测资料进行对比分析,结果表明:近10年来桂北地区蟋蟀始鸣期呈提前趋势,终鸣期稳定,始终鸣间隔日及生长繁殖季显著延长;桂林雁山近34年来平均气温呈显著上升趋势,特别是近10年来增温特别明显,在增温过程中又以春季增温为主,冬季和秋季增温次之,夏季呈弱降温趋势;2~4月平均气温(T2-4)是影响蟋蟀始鸣期和始终鸣间隔日的主要气候生态因子;蟋蟀物候期变化是对气候变暖响应的结果。     

琯溪蜜柚花粉对水晶蜜柚的直感效应

为探明琯溪蜜柚花粉授粉对水晶蜜柚的直感效应,以琯溪蜜柚花粉为父本对水晶蜜柚进行授粉,以自然授粉为对照,并从授粉后果实坐果率、果实生长速率及果实理化性状三方面研究授粉对水晶蜜柚的直感效应。结果显示:1)人工授粉显著提高了水晶蜜柚的坐果率,坐果率提高了37.80%;2)人工授粉在一定程度上加快了果实纵径和果实横径的增长速率,降低了果实果形指数、果基长度及果基长与果实纵径的比值;3)人工授粉显著改变了果实中心柱形态和中心柱宽度,人工授粉果实中心柱形态为实心,自然授粉果实中心柱形态为空心,人工授粉果实上部、中部和下部中心柱的宽度均小于自然授粉果实同部位中心柱的宽度,上部、中部和下部中心柱的宽度分别降低了34.79%、32.17%、60.77%;4)人工授粉显著降低了水晶蜜柚果实的果基长,授粉果实的果基长为(3.63±0.52)cm,自然授粉果的果基长为(4.71±0.58)cm;5)人工授粉显著提高了果实的可食率,可食率提高了18.35%,但人工授粉和自然授粉果实可溶性固形物含量间的差异和可滴定酸含量间的差异无统计学意义。     

生境破碎化对昆虫多样性的影响

介绍了昆虫多样性和生境破碎化的内涵,概述了生境破碎化对昆虫遗传多样性、物种多样性、生态系统多样性的影响。     

油茶传粉昆虫研究现状和保护策略

油茶是重要的木本油料树种,制约油茶生产的最主要问题是授粉问题.鉴此,对油茶的传粉生物学、传粉昆虫的种类及主要传粉昆虫的特点进行了综述,并就传粉昆虫的资源保护提出了建议.     

白桦抗虫基因转化的初步研究

用根癌农杆菌介导法对白桦（Betula platyphylla)进行转化，获得了转化再生植株。卡那霉素抗性愈伤组织产生率达10%-22%，抗性不定枝的生根率达80%以上。经分子生物学检测，在卡那霉素抗性转化植株中，有34%检测出GUS活性，76.5%的卡那霉素抗性植株的Southern斑点杂交呈阳性反应。初步证明，抗虫基因已转入白桦中。     

Bulk pollen pollination in maize for efficient construction of introgression populations with high genome coverage

Introgression populations consist of a set of introgression lines or families, constructed by continuous backcrossing to the recurrent parent, while carrying a limited number of chromosome segments from a donor parent in their genomes. Increasing the genome coverage is an important aim when constructing introgression population. In this study, we proposed bulk pollen pollination (BPP) method and used it to increase the genome coverage of a maize introgression population. The results showed that the genome coverage of the introgression population constructed using BPP method reached 100% at BC₃ generation, which accorded with the simulation result. The BPP‐based BC₃F_1:2 population could identify most quantitative trait loci (QTL) detected using the F_2:3 population, especially major QTL. Simulation analysis showed that the genome coverage of introgression population increased with the increase of population size and the number of bulked plants, and decreased with the increase of backcross generation. Our results proved the reliability of the BPP‐based introgression population in increasing genome coverage and detecting QTL, and provided references for constructing high‐coverage introgression populations.     

美观新颖的昆虫标本制作

为了保护环境，减少昆虫资源的浪费，介绍表面皿标本，琥珀标本，蝴蝶珍藏卡等标本制作方法。     

Enhanced kernel set promoted by synchronous pollination determines a tradeoff between kernel number and kernel weight in temperate maize hybrids

Maize (Zea mays L.) grain yield is strongly related to the number of harvested kernels, where kernel number can be increased by synchronously pollinating silks rather than allowing them to be progressively pollinated as they naturally appear from the husks. However, there is scarce evidence on how this practice affects kernel weight (KW) and plant grain yield (PGY), and no report exists on its effects when combined with treatments aimed to reduce apical dominance, like male sterility and detasseling. Field experiments were conducted in two growing seasons (Exp₁ and Exp₂) using two hybrids, cropped at contrasting stand densities (3 and 9 plants per m²) and including (i) male-fertile and male-sterile versions, (ii) tasseled and detasseled plants, and (iii) natural (NP) and synchronous pollination (SP; pollen added manually to ears bagged 5 days after initial silking) systems. Tassel growth of sterile and fertile versions was also evaluated in a separate experiment (Exp₃). Detasseling increased the number of ears per plant reaching silking (P < 0.001) of NP plants, but this beneficial effect of reduced apical dominance did not improve kernel number per plant (KNP) or PGY. Similarly, the early arrest of anther growth in male-sterile plants had no clear benefit on KNP. In contrast, KNP was enhanced by synchronous pollination (range between −13% and +71%; average of +15.4% in Exp₁ and +3.9% in Exp₂). However, this pollination system promoted a decreased in KW (range between −30% and +4%; average of −11.8% in Exp₁ and −7.8 in Exp₂) such that the treatment had no effect on PGY (range between −19% and +37%; average of +1% in Exp₁ and −4% in Exp₂). Because plant growth rate around flowering was not different between pollination treatments, assimilate availability per kernel was reduced from ovary fertilization onwards in synchronously pollinated plants when compared to open pollinated plants. This explains the reduced KW when increasing KNP by synchronous pollination. In summary, none of the imposed treatments allowed grain yield to be increased at the plant level.