白僵菌和绿僵菌在农业害虫防治中的应用研究进展

本文就白僵菌和绿僵菌的主要防治对象及其中毒症状,中毒机制,主要剂型和防治效果做了介绍。     

Insect (black soldier fly larvae) oil as a potential substitute for fish or soy oil in the fish meal-based diet of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Alternative sources of fish oil (FO) are one of the major problems in aquaculture; therefore, the goal of the present study was to examine insect (black soldier fly larvae) oil (BSLO) as a potential replacer of fish/soy oil in juvenile rainbow trout (initial average weight of 32 ± 0.15 g) feed. Four diets were formulated wherein FO (control diet) was completely replaced with either soybean oil (SO) or BSLO, and an additional BSLO-based diet supplemented with 1.5% bile acid (BSLO + BA) were fed to the fish for 10 weeks. Growth performance of the BSLO fed group was similar (P > 0.05) to that of the FO and SO fed groups, however, the fish fed BSLO + BA diet registered the lowest growth (P < 0.05). Oil sources did not (P > 0.05) affect the major nutrient content of whole-body, however, the fatty acid composition of the muscle and liver was influenced (P < 0.05), with the highest 14:0, 16:0, and total saturated fatty acid detected in BSLO or BSLO + BA fed trout compared to the others (P < 0.001). No significant differences were observed in eicosapentaenoic acid + docosahexaenoic acid (EPA + DHA) or total n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content in muscle among the groups, whereas, the highest EPA:DHA and n-3:n-6 ratios were detected in the FO group. Gene expression for fatty acid binding protein (fabp), fatty acid synthase (fas), and Δ5 desaturase in the liver was lower in FO (P < 0.05), while BSLO + BA registered the highest Δ6 expression (P = 0.006). Supplementation of BA in the BSLO diet increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities compared to the other groups (P < 0.05). In conclusion, BSLO could serve as a substitute for FO and SO in rainbow trout diet without negatively impacting growth performance, whole-body composition and nutrient retention, and modulate the expression of fatty acid metabolism-related genes in rainbow trout.     

永嘉早香柚授粉及保水措施试验

为探索永嘉早香柚的低产原因和降低内裂果措施。进行了授粉和保水措施试验，结果表明，通过授粉能有效提高永嘉早香柚的座果率；授粉配合保水措施能有效降低永嘉早香柚的内裂果和裂瓣率。     

熊蜂和苜蓿切叶蜂在网室内对大豆不育系授粉效果的研究

报道了熊蜂和苜蓿切叶蜂在网室内对大豆不育系授粉效果。结果表明,两种昆虫都是大豆不育系的有效传粉昆虫,用它们授粉后可使网室内大豆不育系的单株结荚数和单株粒数明显提高。释放熊蜂的不育系大豆平均单株结荚数和粒数分别为21.3个和43.1粒,释放苜蓿切叶蜂的不育系大豆平均单株结荚数和粒数分别为56.8个和128.2粒,苜蓿切叶蜂的授粉效果显著高于熊蜂。     

油茶传粉昆虫研究现状和保护策略

油茶是重要的木本油料树种,制约油茶生产的最主要问题是授粉问题.鉴此,对油茶的传粉生物学、传粉昆虫的种类及主要传粉昆虫的特点进行了综述,并就传粉昆虫的资源保护提出了建议.     

抗菌肽控制植物病害研究进展及展望

总结了抗菌肽（AMPs）的研究概况,分析了转抗菌肽基因植物以及昆虫抗菌肽控制植物病原真菌的研究进展,展望了其研究趋势,可为开发利用可控制植物病害的抗菌肽提供参考。     

从马尾松毛虫中制备高脱乙酰度壳聚糖的初步研究

采用酸碱法从马尾松毛虫蛹中制备壳聚糖,结果表明:马尾松毛虫蛹依次经盐酸脱矿物质、氢氧化钠脱有机物质、双氧水脱色处理后获得白色片状固体物甲壳素,其水分含量为3.32%,灰分为0.99%,脱乙酰度为92.54%,粘度为18.3MPa·s;由甲壳素制备壳聚糖的条件为NaOH浓度50%,处理时间5h,处理温度80℃;由甲壳素获得壳聚糖产品的产率为79.21%。     

东北地区兴安落叶松和红皮云杉球果种实害虫危害调查初报

１９９３年４－９月与法国农科院合作，北地区兴安落叶松和红皮云杉球果种实害虫危害调查的初步总结得出：危害兴安落叶松球果的害虫以球果花蝇属为主，共５种，落叶松球果花蝇。贝加尔球果花蝇，黑胸球果花蝇，稀球果花蝇和斯氏球果花蝇。其中斯氏球果花蝇在我国是首次报首为新记录。这几咱花蝇造成的落叶松要被害率，其中有些地区可达１００％，平均为６３％。以黑胸球果花蝇为绝对优势种，占花蝇种群数量的５３％。兴安落叶松种子     

美国杏李人工投粉试验初报

美国杏李中一些品种自花授粉不结实，必须配置授粉树或进行人工辅助授粉。授粉方法，用2．5kg蔗糖＋0．15kg硼砂＋20g花粉＋50kg水配成溶液喷雾。各授粉品种组合、授粉效果从优到劣的排列顺序为：风味皇后♀×恐龙蛋♂、风味皇后♀×味厚♂风味皇后♀9×味王♂。     

不同生态环境下陆地棉转基因抗虫杂交棉遗传效应及杂种优势分析

 【目的】探讨不同生态环境下陆地棉转基因抗虫杂交棉遗传效应及杂种优势，为抗虫杂交棉选育和应用提供指导。【方法】采用MINQUE统计方法、ADE遗传模型对10陆地棉亲本材料及其24个F1转基因抗虫棉杂交组合（6×4）的产量和品质性状的3个生态区试验资料进行分析。【结果】单铃重、衣分、皮棉产量和伸长率、2.5%跨长、比强度、麦克隆值主要受遗传主效因控制,子棉产量、亩铃数和整齐度受环境效应影响非常明显；在遗传主效应中，除铃重外，其余4个产量性状中显性效应值大于加性效应值,5个品质性状加性效应值均大于显性效应值；通过群体平均优势（Hpm）和群体超亲优势（Hpb）与环境互作效应分析，皮棉产量、衣分稳定性较好，子棉产量和铃数稳定性较差；产量性状与环境互作效应值较大，而品质性状与环境互作效应值较小。【结论】产量性状表现出一定的杂种优势，而品质性状的杂种优势表现不明显；棉花品质性状在一个环境可选育，而产量性状必需结合生态环境选育,才能达到育种目标。