ICP法测量吉林省部分地区大米中矿物质的含量

目的用ICP法测定吉林省部分地区大米中矿物质的含量,以了解大米中营养物质的含量情况.方法采用随机抽样的方法对6个地区大米进行采样,我们选用其中部分样品,样品经过湿式消化法消解后,用全谱直读电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪（即ICP-OES）对大米中主要的无机盐和微量元素进行测定.结果测得样品中无机盐和微量元素的含量情况,大米中主要含有K、Ca、Na、Fe、Cu、Mg、Zn等10种元素.结论运用ICP法测定大米中无机盐和微量元素含量,操作简便,实用,具有较好的精密度和准确度,测定结果能为人们提供可靠的营养数据.     

水生植物控制湖泊底泥营养盐释放的效果与机理

通过人工模拟的方法，进行了用狐尾藻、凤眼莲2种水生植物来控制湖泊底泥营养盐释放的研究。结果表明，水生植物能有效抑制底泥中TN、TP、硝态氮和氨态氮的释放；沉水植物狐尾藻比漂浮植物凤眼莲的效果好。底泥采取物理处理(塑料包被)后在短期内(15—20d)能暂时控制底泥中营养盐的释放，但不能保持长久，并在随后表现出一定的“补偿效应”。物理措施如底泥包被不是控制底泥营养盐释放的有效方法和根本途径，水生植物修复才能有效抑制底泥中营养盐的释放，今后将成为控制底泥中营养盐释放的发展方向。     

甘蓝型油菜种子无机磷含量变异的初步分析

以微量比色法对100个甘蓝型油菜品种的种子无机磷含量进行初步检测，发现不同甘蓝型油菜品种之间种子无机磷含量存在一定差异。大部分品种的成熟种子中无机磷含量为0.2-0.4μg/g，有2个品种的无机磷含量达到0.7μg/g,1个品种超过1.1μg/g。     

基于变量优选与机器学习的干旱区湿地土壤盐渍化数字制图

土壤盐渍化是导致土壤退化和生态系统恶化的主要原因之一,对干旱区的可持续发展构成主要威胁。为了尽可能精确地监测土壤盐渍化的空间变异性,该研究收集新疆艾比湖湿地78个典型样点,其中选取54个样本作为训练集,24个样本作为独立验证集。基于Sientinel-2 多光谱传感器（Multi-Spectral Instrument,MSI）、数字高程模型（Digital Elevation Model,DEM）数据提取3类指数（红边光谱指数、植被指数和地形指数）,经过极端梯度提升（Extreme Gradient Boosting,XGBoost）算法筛选有效特征变量,构建了关于土壤电导率（Electrical Conductivity,EC）的随机森林（Random Forest,RF）、极限学习机（Extra Learning Machine,ELM）和偏最小二乘回归（Partial Least Squares Regression,PLSR）预测模型,并选择最优模型绘制了艾比湖湿地盐渍化分布图。结果表明：优选的红边光谱指数基本能够预测EC的空间变化;红边光谱指数与植被指数组合建模效果总体上优于其与地形指数的组合,3类指数组合的建模取得了较为理想的预测精度,其中RF模型表现最优（验证集R2=0.83,RMSE=4.81 dS/m,RPD=3.11）;在整个研究区内,中部和东部地区土壤盐渍化程度尤为严重。因此,XGBoost所筛选出的环境因子结合机器学习算法可以实现干旱区土壤盐渍化的监测。     

锌的消化吸收机制研究进展

介绍了不同锌源的消化吸收特点、锌的吸收机制、分布和调节等方面的研究进展，为进一步研究锌的吸收及其在动物生产中的合理利用提供参考依据。     

Accumulation and Mobility of Salts in Soil as Influenced by Primary Biomethanated Spentwash

A soil column laboratory experiment was carried out at the central campus, Mahatma Phule Agricultural University, Rahuri, India during 2008–2009 to study the accumulation and mobility of salts in Typic Haplusterts as influenced by primary biomethanated spentwash (PBSW). The PBSW was applied in three different levels (0.5, 1.0, and 2.5 cm) and then tap water with low salinity and low sodium hazard (C₁S₁ class) was used to carry out leaching in four different levels of water at the pore volume of soil (WPVS) (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0). The electrical conductivity (EC) in the soil increased significantly with increasing levels of PBSW and decreased with increasing levels of WPVS in surface (0–15 cm deep) and subsurface (15–30 cm deep) soil layers. The exchangeable calcium (Ca²⁺), magnesium (Mg²⁺), and potassium (K⁺) increased, whereas exchangeable sodium (Na⁺) decreased with increasing levels of PBSW and WPVS in surface and subsurface layers of soil. The organic carbon content increased with increasing levels of PBSW and decreased with increasing levels of WPVS in both the soil layers. The cation exchange capacity (CEC) increased with increasing levels of PBSW and WPVS in both the soil layers. The exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) decreased with increasing levels of PBSW and WPVS over the initial values of soil in both the layers. The pH of saturated paste (pHs) was reduced and electrical conductivity of extract (ECe) was increased with increasing levels of PBSW and WPVS in both the layers. The Na⁺ content of saturation paste extract increased significantly with increasing levels of PBSW and WPVS in both the soil layers.     

原木灵芝孢子研究：（Ⅲ）与木屑袋栽灵芝孢子的鉴别

原木灵芝孢子与木屑袋栽灵芝孢子可以鉴别如下:1.在扫描电镜下,前者形态饱满,后者大多数孢壁内陷;2.X-射线能谱面扫描分析结果表明,两者Mg、Al、Si、P、S、Cl、K、Ca、Fe、Ni等无机元素相对含量差异显著,前者Si、Ca含量较高;3.高效液相色谱分析结果表明,前者灵芝酸(Ganoderic acid)A、B等灵芝三萜酸含量较高,而后者未检出Ganoderic acid C;4.孢子粉经乙醚脱脂后用乙醇回流提取、浓缩成浸膏,前者提取率(固形物含量)达4.2％～4.8％,而后者仅为1.9％～2.1％。     

添加水对半干旱区沙质草地土壤氮有效性季节变化的影响(英文)

Water is usally thought of a limiting factor for the restoration of semi-arid ecosystem. In the growing season of 2006, a study was conducted to determine the effects of modeling precipitation on seasonal patterns in concentrations of soil-available nitrogen and to describe the seasonal patterns in soil nitrogen availability and seasonal variation in the rates of net nitrogen mineralization of topsoil at Daqinggou ecological station in Keerqin sand lands, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China. Manipulation of water (80 mm) was designed to be added to experiment plots of sandy grasslands in dry season. Water addition (W) treatment and control (CK) treatment were separately taken in six replications and randomly assigned in 12 plots (4 m×4 m for each) with 2-m buffers betweens. Results showed that the content of soil inorganic nitrogen and net nitrogen mineralization rate were not affected by adding water in sandy grassland of Keerqin sand lands. Net nitrogen mineralization rates ranged from 0.5 μg·g-1·month-1 to 4 μg·g-1·month-1. The highest values of soil inorganic nitrogen and net nitrogen mineralization occurred on October 15 in control plots. The seasonal changes of soil inorganic nitrogen contents exhibited "V" shape pattern that was related to seasonal patterns of soil ammonium-N (ascending trend) and nitrate-N transformation (descending trend).     

无机盐质量浓度及激素配比对四倍体刺槐组织培养苗生根的影响

在四倍体刺槐试管苗的生根培养阶段,诱导愈伤组织形成根原基,主要取决于6-BA和NAA的质量浓度配比。试验结果表明,在生根培养过程中,单加NAA0．3mg／L,可使组织培养苗发根早,根系发达,须根多,最终能形成完整的健壮植株;当培养基采用低无机盐质量浓度的Ms培养基即l／2MS时,试管苗发根早,且根多而粗壮。     

胶合板用硅镁系环保无机胶黏剂制备与阻燃性能研究

以硅酸钠、硅酸铝、氧化镁和硅烷偶联剂为原料,制备胶合板用硅镁系硅酸盐无机胶黏剂。采用单因素试验和正交试验考察了主要成分用量对胶黏剂的胶合性能的影响,并采用锥形量热分析技术和热重法分别测试其阻燃抑烟性能以及耐热性能。结果表明,当硅酸钠的质量分数为92.5%,硅酸铝的质量分数为4.7%,氧化镁的质量分数为2.8%,硅烷偶联剂的百分比含量为0.6%(相对于硅酸钠的质量而言)时,改性胶黏剂的综合性能最好,其胶合强度达到0.85MPa,阻燃抑烟性能效果显著,热释放总量和热释放速率明显降低。