刺五加导管特征及其与刺五加苷B·E含量相关性的分析

[目的]分析不同产地刺五加导管特征及其与刺五加苷B、E含量的相关性。[方法]以不同产地刺五加的1年生根、茎为试材,石蜡切片法制片,测定导管周长、面积,HPLC法测定刺五加苷B、E含量。[结果]刺五加根中导管平均面积、周长分别为986.89μm2、141.08μm,茎中导管平均面积、周长分别为362.48μm2、88.46μm,不同产地刺五加根、茎中导管的周长、面积差异显著。刺五加茎中刺五加苷E含量与茎中导管面积呈显著相关。[结论]导管面积、周长可以作为鉴定刺五加产地来源的指标,茎中导管面积可作为茎中刺五加苷E含量的早期鉴定指标。     

福建省休闲渔业暨“水乡渔村”品牌建设浅析

21世纪以来,中国休闲渔业发展迅速、效益良好、潜力巨大,是我国旅游业发展的一种新态势,传统渔业发展出现新契机。福建位于海峡西岸经济区,是我国东南海洋大省,更是渔业大省,发展休闲渔业条件十分优越。休闲渔业样板"水乡渔村"将与"森林人家"、"农家乐"共同打造海西农业休闲旅游的三大品牌。从福建省休闲渔业现状出发,对水乡渔村品牌发展进行分析,提出保障措施。     

Global marine yield halved as fishing intensity redoubles

There is widespread concern and debate about the state of global marine resources and the ecosystems supporting them, notably global fisheries, as catches now generally stagnate or decline. Many fisheries are not assessed by standard stock assessment methods including many in the world's most biodiverse areas. Though simpler methods using widely available catch data are available, these are often discounted largely because data on fishing effort that contributed to the changes in catches are mostly not considered. We analyse spatial and temporal patterns of global fishing effort and its relationship with catch to assess the status of the world's fisheries. The study reveals that fleets now fish all of the world's oceans and have increased in power by an average of 10‐fold (25‐fold for Asia) since the 1950s. Significantly, for the equivalent fishing power expended, landings from global fisheries are now half what they were a half‐century ago, indicating profound changes to supporting marine environments. This study provides another dimension to understand the global status of fisheries.     

黄藤材导管壁木质素分布可见光谱分析

以我国特有的黄藤为研究对象,对不同生长时期导管壁木质素分布及质量分数、细胞壁微区上木质素分布规律等进行研究,探寻木质化程度与其性质间关系,提高我国棕榈藤资源高附加值加工利用水平.结果表明:轴向向下,导管细胞壁中S基木质素质量分数先增后减,而S基和G基木质素总量整体呈下降变化趋势.径向由外向内,导管壁中S基木质素质量分数...     

基于AHP法对甘肃内陆河流域水资源可持续利用的评价

以甘肃省河西内陆河流域的水资源可持续利用程度为研究对象,选取层次分析法,从水资源状况、水资源开发利用状况、水资源与社会发展协调性、水资源与经济发展协调性、水资源与生态发展协调性5个方面,对河西地区2006～2008年的22个指标进行量化分析及综合评价,基于评价结果,对该地区水资源的可持续利用提出建议。     

基于AHP的渔港防波堤布置综合评价研究

渔港防波堤的布置关系到渔港的避风能力、建设投资和运营效果。合理的平面布置方案不仅可以大大减少工程量,而且有利于提升渔港的避风能力和减少使用期间的维护工作。为了对渔港防波堤平面布置方案作出科学客观的评价,本文针对渔港防波堤布置的影响因素,从社会、经济和环境角度出发,建立评价指标体系,并采用层次分析法(AHP)建立综合评价量化模型。通过工程实例验证表明,该模型具有一定的可行性和适用性。     

Estimating rates of mortality in stocks of Metapenaeus macleayi in estuaries of eastern Australia

Estimating rates of mortality is important for assessing stocks and for effectively managing seafood resources. This study reports the first estimates of rates of instantaneous fishing mortality (F) and natural mortality (M) for the commercially important school prawn, Metapenaeus macleayi. Replicated tag-recapture experiments were conducted on two stocks (Clarence River and Wallis Lake) to estimate the catchability coefficient (q) and F, whilst M was estimated from meta-analyses. Experiments were conducted across spatial and temporal scales to consider variability between stocks and variability between fisheries targeting this resource. The catchability coefficient was fitted to tag-recapture data in a population model across a range of M values (0.001-0.025 per day) and average daily F values were calculated. Values of q ranged between 2.03E−04 and 5.43E−02 and, 1.29E−04 and 3.41E−03 for the Clarence River and Wallis Lake stocks, respectively. Average daily F ranged between 2.86E−03 and 1.69 for the Clarence stock and 1.71E−03 and 3.44E−02 for the Wallis stock. With one exception (the November 2004 experiment) there were no differences in q and F values between experiments conducted on the Wallis Lake stock. For the Clarence stock values of q and F varied between years and within years. Factors thought to contribute to this variability were changes in prawn behaviour, differences in sizes of prawns tagged between experiments and differences in the survival of tagged prawns. The catchability coefficient for the Clarence River stock was weakly correlated to greater rates of river discharge. Estimates of F for the Wallis stock, the Clarence stock in 2004-05 and estimates of M were comparable to those reported for other penaeid fisheries world wide. There was no consistent pattern in comparisons of q and F values between the predominantly trawling operation of the Clarence River fishery and the seine netting of the fishery in Wallis Lake.     

艾比湖湿地不同盐渍化土壤粒度组成及可蚀性研究

为了研究内陆干旱区不同盐渍化土壤的粒径组成及其可蚀性的空间分布,在不同盐渍化程度上探讨其与土壤中盐分含量的相互关系,本研究以新疆维吾尔自治区艾比湖湿地为研究靶区,利用2015年5月获取的66个表层土壤样品,对土壤的粒度组成、含盐量、分形维数和可蚀性因子K值进行了研究。结果表明:样品中盐土占比达到59.09%,平均含盐量达131.59 g/kg,研究区内盐渍化现象既普遍又严重;土壤颗粒以粉粒和砂粒为主,随着盐渍化程度的加剧黏粒含量不断增加,砂粒含量则相反;土壤颗粒的分形维数D值介于2.14~2.60,平均值为2.45;随着盐渍化程度加剧,分形维数逐渐变大,K值也随之逐渐增大,盐土的K值最大达0.093;土壤可蚀性因子K值与含盐量的相关性较高(r=0.596**),在一定程度上可以说明,土壤的含盐量水平越高,K值越大,越容易被侵蚀。     

内陆水域负载量研究

综述了内陆水域水产养殖负载量的研究概况,并对各种研究方法的优点和局限性进行了评价,最后对负载量的研究前景进行了展望。     

怀孕后期绵羊及其胎儿血液pH值气体张力和某些代谢物含量的研究

选用10只怀单羔的威尔士山地种绵羊,在怀孕111—117天期间装置胎儿后肢动、静脉痿管和母羊股动脉痿管。每天采集血样,测定血液pH、O_2和CO_2张力、红细胞压积(PCV)、血红蛋白(Hb)和O_2饱和度以及血浆葡萄糖、乳酸和α-氨基氮含量。 结果表明:绵羊在怀孕115天至分娩(140.33±4.32天)期间,血液pH值母羊为7.491±0.036,胎儿7.342±0.024;O_2张力(mmHg):母羊85.653±6.932,胎儿21.273±3.275:CO_2张力(mmHg):母羊31.454±2.490,胎儿44.579±4.705;PCV(％):母羊29.294±2.565,胎儿32.196±3.874;Hb(g/100m1):母羊9.508±0.852,胎儿9.513±1.100;O_2饱和度(％):母羊96.664±2.040,胎儿56.661±10.049;血浆葡萄糖含量(mg/100ml):母体66.20±7.87,胎儿12.36±2.22;血浆乳酸含量(mg/100ml):母羊4.709±1.553,胎儿15.468±5.815:α-氨基氮含量(mM/L):母羊3.203±0.432,胎儿4.750±0.667。除Hb含量母羊与胎儿无显著差异(P>0.5)外,其他指标均差异显著(P<0.01)。 文章还对实验方法、胎盘机能、胎儿与母体通过胎盘的物质交换以及胎儿代谢的某些特点进行了讨论。