我国渔用绳网企业的现状及发展思路

全国年产值在300万元以上的渔用绳索网具生产企业约有200家,产量约为2×104t。为了促进我国渔用绳网企业的发展,本研究着重介绍我国渔用绳网企业的现状、我国渔业现状及发展趋势,并对渔用绳网企业的发展思路提出了几点看法。     

Production of Tiger Shrimp (Penaeus monodon) in Potassium Supplemented Inland Saline Sub-Surface Water

Abstract

Potassium deficient inland saline (10 g L^?1 salinity) well water was supplemented with muriate of potash to achieve 50% (57 mg L^?1) and 100% (114 mg L^?1) of seawater potassium concentration and used for the production of tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon). Total mortality was observed in non-supplemented water within 6 days compared to 88.0% survival in K⁺100% and 85.3% survival in K⁺50% up to 60 days. P. monodon were subsequently cultured for 110 days in two identical 0.25-ha ponds supplied with water of 10 g L^?1 and supplemented with the potassium equivalent of 35% of seawater. Survival and production were 55.8% to 64.25% and 157.70 kg (630.8 kg ha^?1) to 172.75 kg (691 kg ha^?1), respectively.     

浙江近海上升流季过程的初步研究

本文在前期工作的基础上,根据1981年6月、8月和10月三个专题航次调查的资料,对27°30′N—30°30′N;124°E以西海区的上升流过程进行了初步研究。描述了浙江近海温盐分布的基本特征、赤潮现象,讨论了涌升水的来源,介绍了余流的一般情况,给出了浙江沿岸上升流的强度,并且讨论了形成机理。最后简略地讨论了浙江近海上升流和渔场的关系。     

用计算机设计围网

在我国的捕鱼作业中，利用围网捕鱼是一种常用的捕鱼方法，而围网设计是渔具设计工作者必须要解决的问题，目前计算机在渔具设计中应用还比较少，本文根据目前网厂常用的设计方法，进行了优化选取，编制了一套设计围网的计算机程序。根据所需设计的航速，作业渔场情况及捕捞对象等资料选取适当参数，即可得到一盘围网的主要设计参数值。程序用ＱＵＩＣＫ ＢＡＳＩＣ语言编写，通过调节１４个ＳＵＢ过程，逐步完成设计。     

Numerical simulation of the effects of structure size ratio and mesh type on three-dimensional deformation of the fishing-net gravity cage in current

In our previous research, the hydrodynamic behavior of a two-dimensional (2D) plane fishing net in current was simulated. Based on the research, a model of a three-dimensional (3D) net is established by using the lumped mass method. To verify the validity of the numerical model, model test results by other authors are cited and compared with the numerical results. The simulated results are in good agreement with experimental ones. In this paper, the 3D net model is applied to investigate the effects of structure size ratio (RDH) and mesh type on the 3D net deformation of the gravity cage in current. The numerical results indicate that the decrease of RDH is practically feasible in improving the cage net deformation. With a sinker system the net deformation with diamond mesh is greater than that with square mesh. When the bottom-collar sinker system is applied, with an increase in current velocity, the net deformation with diamond mesh is less than with square mesh. The results of this study provide a better understanding of the hydrodynamic behavior of the gravity cage.     

A numerical analysis of population dynamics of the sand lance (Ammodytes personatus) in the eastern Seto Inland Sea, Japan

The Japanese sand lance (Ammodytes personatus) population in the Seto Inland Sea shows large fluctuations every few years. Its recruitment to the fishery resources is much more dependent on the survival rate of 0-age fish than is the case for other fish species because 0-age fish directly recruit to next-year spawning adults. Since the 0-age fish population depends on its larval population, which is easily influenced by natural and human impacts, high larval mortality due to predation by adults and high dispersion of larvae by wind-driven currents from spawning grounds to other locations can have very important effects on stock fluctuations. A numerical model of population dynamics of the sand lance in the eastern Seto Inland Sea was developed that focuses on wind-induced transport and adult predation of the larvae. The model successfully simulated the two-year periodic fluctuation and was consistent with actual fluctuations in fishery catches. It suggests that the various coefficients given in the model are appropriate to explain the actual population dynamics of the sand lance. The model shows that adult predation on the larvae plays a very important role in the two-year periodic fluctuation, and the maximum predation rate is estimated to be ten individuals per day. Wind-induced transport modifies the impact of this predation. Variances in the two-year periodic fluctuation become smaller with weaker westerly wind velocity. The appropriate transport rates from Bisan Strait and the Harima-nada Sea are estimated to be 0.04 d^-1 and 0.01 d^-1, respectively.     

基于贝叶斯原理的大洋金枪鱼渔场速预报模型研究

高度洄游的大洋性金枪鱼类（Scombridae）是世界远洋渔业的重要捕捞对象,中国金枪鱼生产仍处于初期发展阶段,因此研究和预测金枪鱼渔场具有重要的现实意义.本研究利用美国NASA提供的卫星遥感反演海表温度（SST）三级数据产品和太平洋共同体秘书处（SPC）提供的有关国际金枪鱼历史捕捞产量资料,分析金枪鱼同SST等海洋渔场环境要素之间的统计关系,建立了金枪鱼渔场的贝叶斯概率预报模型.通过对历史数据进行模型回报试验,结果表明太平洋鲣鱼渔场综合预报的准确性达到70%以上,对渔业捕捞生产具有一定的指导意义.[中国水产科学,2006,13（3）：426-431]     

漳州市海洋捕捞渔船事故分析

本文根据漳州市海洋捕捞渔船事故相关资料,分析研究海洋捕捞渔船事故主要指标、种类分布、时间分布和空间分布.结果表明:漳州市海洋捕捞渔船事故中重大事故和特大事故是造成事故死亡(含失踪)人员的主要因素,碰撞是事故发生的第一原因,碰撞和风灾是重大事故和特大事故发生的主要原因,12月、1月和2月是事故发生和人员死亡(含失踪)的高发月份,282、283、291、292、301、302和东山岛海区等近海海域是事故高发海区.并简要提出漳州市海洋捕捞渔船生产事故防范的相应对策.     

淡水变水层疏目拖网经验设计方法的研究

本文根据作者十余年试验研究的经验和资料，分析了总结了我国内陆水域当前使用的几十种变水层疏目拖网，在选优淘劣的基础上，用数理统计的方法，计算出淡水变水层疏目拖网的主机功率与网口周长的关系式，以及拖网其它各部分主尺度与网口周长的比例等系列关系式，为小马力淡水变水层疏目拖网设计总结出一种简便、易行、可靠的经验设计方法。     

Distribution and abundance of resting cysts of the toxic Alexandrium spp. (Dinophyceae) in sediments of the western Seto Inland Sea, Japan

Sediment samples were collected from 135 stations in the western part of the Seto Inland Sea (Iyo Nada, Suo Nada, Beppu Bay, Tokuyama Bay, Hiroshima Bay, Aki Nada, Hiuchi Nada and Bingo Nada) to determine the horizontal distribution and abundance of resting cysts of Alexandrium spp. ( A. tamarense  +  A. catenella ). Enumeration of the cysts was performed using the primuline-staining direct count method. Cysts of Alexandrium spp. were rarely found in Iyo Nada, Suo Nada and Beppu Bay, but were widely distributed in Tokuyama Bay, Hiroshima Bay, Aki Nada, Hiuchi Nada and Bingo Nada. Cyst concentrations ranged from not detected (ND) to 14, ND to 17, ND to 4, 93 to 8137, 8 to 4454, ND to 6, ND to 18 and 4–29 cysts/cm³ wet sediment in Iyo Nada, Suo Nada, Beppu Bay, Tokuyama Bay, Hiroshima Bay, Aki Nada, Hiuchi Nada and Bingo Nada, respectively. The majority of cysts occurred in Tokuyama Bay and Hiroshima Bay, where higher densities were observed in the inner bay and along the coastal margin. Relatively higher cyst concentrations were observed at stations with a higher mud content. The abundance of Alexandrium spp. cysts in western Seto Inland Sea is lower than in the eastern Seto Inland Sea, except for Tokuyama Bay and Hiroshima Bay. However, because sporadic blooms of Alexandrium have been observed, continuing monitoring is necessary to prevent paralytic shellfish poisoning outbreaks in this area.