智利外海渔场竹筴鱼资源分布特征

根据在智利 2 0 0海里专属经济区外海的渔场周年探捕调查 ,对智利竹鱼 (Trachurusmur phyi)单位努力量渔获量 (CPUE)的构成和季节变化及其资源分布特征进行了初步探讨。结果显示 ,竹鱼在智利外海分布广 ,30°～ 43°S ,78°～ 87°W海区均可形成拖网作业渔场。南半球冬季竹鱼密集分布区较偏南 (38°～43°S) ,8月密集分布区向北偏移至 35°～ 40°S,春季鱼群继续向北洄游至 30°～35°S ,并开始分散索饵 ,集群性较差 ,到翌年秋季再集群向南洄游 ,在 38°～ 43°S ,78°～ 85°W形成越冬场。CPUE以冬季最高 ,春、秋季次之 ,夏季最低。冬季以 6月份平均CPUE最高 ,达 1 5 .1 8t/h ,夏季以 3月份平均CPUE最低 ,仅 1 .1 2t/h。     

Studies on the Molecular Structure of Vessels in Secondary Xylem of Stem from Three Carambola Varieties

[Objective] The aim of this study was to provide the theoretical basis for variety identification of carambola and pomiculture.[Method] The molecular structure of vessels in stem secondary xylem from three carambola varieties of Malaysia 8,Misi and Malaysia B17 were studied by cell image analysis system and microphotography.[Result] The molecular structure of vessels in stem secondary xylem from carambola was as follows:the first type had tails in two ends,the second type had tail in one end,and the third type had no tails in two ends.The average length of vessel elements was from 328.88 to 366.09 μm,while its average width was from 44.61 to 52.43 μm.Most of the end wall was simple perforation plates,while the alternate-opposite pitting was the major forms of pitting.[Conclusion] Most characteristics of vessel elements from carambola were evolutionary characters of vessel elements in the process of phylogeny,but there were more primitive characters,for example,both two ends of vessel had tails or just one end had tail,and end wall was inclined.The molecular structure of vessel from carambola was in accordance with its ecological adaptability,and the growth characteristics of different varieties were also in accordance with the difference of molecular structure of vessel.     

不同生长调节剂对唐古特白刺出苗及苗期生长的影响

[目的]选出适宜唐古特白刺出苗及苗期生长的生长调节剂。[方法]对唐古特白刺进行容器播种育苗试验。[结果]用生根粉（6号）处理出苗率最好。吲哚丁酸处理后的唐古特白刺平均株高达到7.14cm。生根粉、萘乙酸、吲哚丁酸、赤霉素处理对唐古特白刺的地径生长均有一定的效果。生根粉（6号）、吲哚丁酸处理的主根长生长较好。吲哚丁酸处理后的生物产量最高。[结论]生根粉（6号）、吲哚丁酸、赤霉素是促进唐古特白刺幼苗生长良好的生长调节剂。     

Effects of habitat characteristics and sedimentation on performance of marine reserves in St. Lucia

This study examines factors affecting the rate and extent of biomass build-up among commercially important groupers, snappers, grunts, parrotfish and surgeonfish in a network of four marine reserves in southwest St. Lucia, Caribbean. Reserves constituted 35% of the total reef area originally available for fishing. Protection was instigated in 1995 after a baseline survey with annual or biennial censuses performed until 2002. Each survey consisted of 114 fifteen minute fish counts in reserves and 83 in fishing grounds, at depths of 5 m and 15 m in a 10 m diameter counting area. Estimates of number and size (cm) of target species were used to calculate fish family biomass. Data were analysed using three-way ANOVA in a before-after-control-impact pairs (BACIP) design. All families increased significantly in biomass over time at nearly all sites. Increases were greater in reserves than fishing grounds, except for grunts, and responses were strongest in parrotfish and surgeonfish. The combined biomass of families more than quadrupled in reserves and tripled in fishing grounds between 1995 and 2002. During this period coral cover declined by 46% in reserves and 35% in fishing grounds. Multiple regression showed that neither habitat characteristics nor habitat deterioration significantly affected rates of biomass build-up. The key factor was protection from fishing, which explained 44% of the variance in biomass growth. A further 28% of the variance was explained by sedimentation, a process known to stress reef invertebrates, significantly reducing the rate of biomass build-up. St. Lucia’s reserves succeeded in producing significant gains to fish stocks despite coral cover and structural complexity falling steeply over the period of the study.     

Florida manatees, Trichechus manatus latirostris, respond to approaching vessels

Florida manatees inhabit shallow coastal and estuarine waters of the southeast US, a range that brings them into frequent contact with vessels. More than 30% of documented annual mortalities are attributed to vessel collisions, and most living animals bear the scars of multiple, non-lethal encounters. To document the behavior of manatees in the presence of vessels, we recorded their movements with an overhead video system. We scored six aspects of behavior during 170 vessel approaches, and compared their behavior with 187 control segments when no boats were present. Manatees in shallow waters and at the edge of the channel responded to approaches by orienting towards the nearest deep water, a boat channel, and increasing their swimming speed. Close boat approaches and shallow water depths exacerbated these responses. Our results indicate that manatees detect and respond to approaching vessels with an apparent flight response, a response which includes movement towards deeper water. If given sufficient time, i.e., approached or passed slowly, the manatees may then be able to reach deeper water and safe depths.     

Populations of inshore serranids across the Canarian Archipelago: Relationships with human pressure and implications for conservation

We investigated spatio-temporal variability in the abundances and biomasses of four species of inshore serranids (the dusky grouper Ephinephelus marginatus, the island grouper Mycteroperca fusca, the painted comber Serranus scriba, and the blacktail comber S. atricauda) throughout the Canarian Archipelago (central-east Atlantic Ocean) with underwater visual transects. By means of a multiscaled sampling design spanning three orders of magnitude of spatial variability (from 10 s of meters among replicated 100 m² transects to 100 s of kilometres among islands) and four sampling periods, we related differences in the distributions of serranids to differences in the degree of human pressure, such as fishing intensity and human population. Differences in human pressure among islands provide the most parsimonious explanation for many of the consistent inter-island differences in the abundance and biomass of the analyzed species. Larger-bodied serranids (E. marginatus and M. fusca) are more vulnerable than the smaller species (S. scriba and S. atricauda). In fact, the larger, more vulnerable species have been almost completely extirpated from the most intensely fished islands. Our results show that the larger groupers have been overexploited throughout the Canary Islands, and highlight the urgent need for stringent management measures and better control of littoral reef fish resources.     

地膜植棉喷灌技术研究

根据内陆干旱区的特点，为了充分发挥喷灌节水增产优势，本文提出地膜植棉喷灌技术、干播湿出及栽培配套措施。     

桃3种砧木次生木质部导管分子性状比较

为桃树抗寒砧木的选择提供参考依据,采用组织离析、显微照相与生物计量统计法,检测并比较了山桃(Prunus davidiana)(SP)、毛桃(P.persica)(MP)和珲春桃(P.persica cv.Hun-chun-tao)(HP)3种桃砧木根与茎导管分子形态和大小。结果表明,3种桃砧木导管分子性状相比较,根与茎导管分子侧壁次生增厚和木质化的方式、纹孔式、穿孔板类型以及其根一端具尾的导管分子比例基本相似,其茎导管分子均具有螺旋加厚现象,但是,两端具尾、一端具尾、两端无尾、两端倾斜、一端倾斜和两端水平的导管分子比例以及导管分子的长度与直径、根与茎导管分子长度与直径的比率均存在差异。     

Vital population statistics of the exploited eel stock on the Swedish west coast

The population dynamics and exploitation of the yellow eel (Anguilla anguilla (L.)) stock on the Swedish west coast were studied. In contrast to a generally observed reduction in the recruitment of glass eels in Europe, including in Swedish waters, there was no indication of a decline in the total eel fishery yields along the Swedish west coast. Long-term records of daily catches as well as by test fishing results also shown that this stability in eel fishery yields has not been maintained by an increase in fishery effort, as the catch-per-unit-efforts in the past 20 years have been more or less unchanged. These findings implied that the number of recruits to the fishery has been rather stable, possibly indicating that density-dependent factors at the elver and yellow eel stages may moderate variations in glass eel recruitment. Total instantaneous rate of mortality was estimated from records on eel length distribution in the professional fyke-net fishery. The estimated total mortality rate in an isolated archipelago population on the west coast was chosen as an approximation of the instantaneous rate of natural mortality and net emigration in the west coast eel stock. The differences between these two estimates could, thus be regarded as the mortality that occurred due to fishing. It was found that the eel fishery was very intense and most fish were caught in small sizes, resulting in a low escapement rate of maturing fish.     

渔场夜间监控系统图像去噪算法

针对渔场监控系统中夜间监控图像存在大量噪声的情况,分析了图像主要噪声源,并通过仿真试验分析了各种常见的图像去噪算法,在综合考虑图像去噪平滑效果、图像的清晰程度及图像去噪时间复杂度的基础上,提出了将数学形态学方法和中值滤波方法相结合用于数字监控系统的图像去噪算法。通过试验验证了本算法的可行性、实时性和鲁棒性。