Water circulation induced by mechanical aerators in a rectangular vessel for shrimp aquaculture

A water streamer was designed for the purpose of enhancing cost-efficient circulation between the water surface and bottom of shrimp aquaculture ponds. We took direct measurements of the water current field induced by the designed aerator in a large rectangular reservoir of dimensions (L)50 × (W)19 × (D)1.3 m³ and compared the results with those of a standard Taiwanese paddle-wheel aerator. Vertical circulation between the surface and the bottom induced by the paddle wheel aerator was less than that by the designed aerator. Furthermore, the paddle-wheel aerator consumed more electric power than the designed aerator. The structures of water current induced by the two aerators are elucidated, and the advantages and disadvantages of the aerators are discussed.Auxiliary employment of the designed aerators may contribute to delivery of high DO water throughout the pond, which is more efficient than a paddle wheel aerator.     

基于北斗船位数据灯光罩网渔船作业状态特征的提取和验证

为研究一种使用北斗船位数据提取灯光罩网渔船的作业状态特征的方法,选取桂北渔36288、61999、62666和68209四艘灯光罩网渔船2017年的北斗船位数据,使用阈值综合判别的方法判断渔船作业的状态,通过航速、水深和时间区间的阈值判别渔船作业状态的船位点,利用船位分析软件(AST)提取渔船的作业天数、作业日期、作业时长以及对应的作业位置信息,并与实际填写的渔捞日志数据进行对比验证。结果显示:提取的结果和实际记录的结果误差较小,其中作业天数每月差值在0～3 d以内;对应的作业日期准确率在94.45%以上;作业时长每日最大误差不超过2.4 h,最小误差为0 h,总平均误差为1.49 h,且提取的作业时长和渔获率存在明显的显著性差异,相关系数r=0.512(P0.01);作业距离差值较小,总体在50 km以内。因此可以确定,本研究根据北斗船位数据提取灯光罩网渔船作业状态特征的方法可靠,具有较大的实用性和现实性意义。     

我国内陆水域增殖渔业发展存在的问题

我国内陆水域渔业是我国渔业发展的重要内容,内陆水域增殖渔业经过多年的发展,取得了很大的成绩,但是在发展过程中也表现出多种问题,如增殖品种不合理,不重视遗传多样性的保护。本文对这些问题作具体的分析,同时提出相应的对策。     

福建省内陆捕捞渔具的作业类型及其数量组成分析

本文根据2009年8月至12月福建省捕捞业渔具渔法普查资料,分析整理了福建内陆地区捕捞业渔具渔法现状调查数据.结果表明:福建内陆地区捕捞渔具有刺网类、钓具类、笼壶类、拖网类、张网类、陷阱类、耙刺类、地拉网类、敷网类、掩罩类、抄网类和杂渔具等12个类别、21种作业型式、渔具总数量123204张(个、顶等).按渔具类别划分...     

长江口中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheirsinensis)蟹苗汛期预报的研究

报导了对长江口中华绒螯蟹 (河蟹 ,Eriocheirsinensis)蟹苗汛期预报的研究结果。蟹苗汛期决定于河蟹胚胎及溞状幼体发育的生物学因素、水温条件和潮汐?そ诘暮有芳性?2月底 3月初交配抱卵 ,5月初孵出溞状幼体。 1970～ 1981年的资料表明 ,从 3月 1日河蟹开始交配抱卵至大眼幼体 (蟹苗 )回归淡水 ,约需 12 77度日。按这一标准估算 ,在± 2d的变差下 ,12年中有 11年的发汛起始日在估算范围内 ,而若允许将变差时间提高到± 3d ,则 12年中的发汛起始日全部在预测范围内。长江口的大眼幼体要入江 ,必须借助潮汐的动力。而在潮汐半月周期的潮位曲线上 ,只有从起汛期至大汛期 (农历廿七到初三 ;十二到十八 ) ,潮位逐日上升 ,蟹苗才有可能从河口浅海进入江段。综合考虑度日和潮汐两个因素 ,即可预报蟹苗发汛的起始日     

基于数字孪生技术的平面渔网破损检测方法研究

为防止渔网破损造成养殖鱼类逃逸,有必要对网衣进行破损检测。为了克服人工检测劳动强度大且效率低下的缺点,实现渔网的精准实时监测,本研究提出了一种基于数字孪生的网衣破损检测方法,可利用传感器代替人工监测。该方法首先从渔网的数值仿真模型获取大量的仿真传感数据,然后将数据用于人工神经网络的训练与测试,最后生成可进行网衣破损识别的数字孪生体。数字孪生体可根据传感器监测到的数据来判断网衣是否发生破损。在数值模拟中,考虑各种波浪条件以及网衣的破损情况。在训练人工神经网络中,将有效波高Hs、谱峰周期Tp以及横纲竖纲的拉力值作为输入变量,将网衣完整状态以及破损状态作为输出。经过测试分析,该识别模型根据传感器数据识别网衣是否破损的平均准确率为94.32%,由此可见,数字孪生技术能准确检测到渔网的损坏,可以作为网衣破损检测的一种新方法。     

Trawling for cephalopods off the Portuguese coast—Fleet dynamics and landings composition

Fleet dynamics was addressed for three cephalopod taxa of commercial interest, the squid Loligo vulgaris, the octopuses Octopus vulgaris and Eledone cirrhosa, and the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis, for 48 trawlers of the fish trawling fleet. Landing profiles (LP) were identified based on the species composition of the landings using hierarchical cluster analysis. Four out of a total of 12 different LP were related to cephalopods and other species associated with them.The effects on the landing proportions of a number of variables, year, season and vessel, are analysed for each of the species studied using generalized linear models (GLM). The factor “vessel”, including an ensemble of technical characteristics as well as the abilities of individual skippers, explained most of the model deviance, strongly reinforcing the existence of a fleet component dedicated to catch cephalopods. However, time also explains much of the variation found in the data.Seasonal alternation between landings of octopodidae and cuttlefish was observed within a small group of old trawlers operating mainly off the south coast, following the abundance cycles of these species. For a larger group of more modern trawlers, operating off the western coast, inter-annual shift between octopus and squid was found, together with a well marked seasonal pattern between the catches of cephalopods and horse mackerel.Spatial patterns of activity were identified using vessel monitoring system (VMS) data available for trawlers in Portugal, demonstrating the existence of cephalopod targeting strategies in Portuguese fish trawling activities.     

Impacts of lost fishing gear on coral reef sessile invertebrates in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary

The Florida Keys coral reef ecosystem supports multimillion-dollar commercial and recreational fisheries. The ecological effects caused by fishing gear that is lost when cut or broken after snagging on the bottom is a growing concern to managers and scientists. Few data exist, however, to assess the impacts of lost fishing gear to benthic organisms and habitat structure. In this study, 63 offshore coral reef and hard-bottom sites were surveyed during 2001 to quantify the impacts of lost fishing gear to coral reef sessile invertebrates. Lost hook-and-line fishing gear accounted for 87% of all debris (N=298 incidences) encountered and was responsible for 84% of the 321 documented impacts to sponges and benthic cnidarians, predominantly consisting of tissue abrasion causing partial individual or colony mortality. Branching gorgonians (Octocorallia) were the most frequently affected (56%), followed by milleporid hydrocorals (19%) and sponges (13%). Factors affecting the impacts of lost fishing gear include sessile invertebrate density, the density of lost fishing gear, and gear length. While lost hook-and-line fishing gear is ubiquitous in the Florida Keys, less than 0.2% of the available milleporid hydrocorals, stony corals, and gorgonians in the habitats studied are adversely affected in terms of colony abrasions and partial mortality.     

南海不同海域鸢乌贼生长与死亡参数比较

根据2011-2015年南海海域灯光罩网渔船捕获的鸢乌贼样品,利用Fisat II软件对南海鸢乌贼群体的生长死亡系数进行估算。结果显示：南海没有大型群鸢乌贼个体,且雌性个体（12.05cm）比雄性个体（10.91cm）大;南海北部和南部的鸢乌贼均呈正异速生长,胴长和体质量关系b值分别为3.470~3.605和3.379~3.773;生长参数K反映了南海北部更适合于雄性鸢乌贼生长;南海南部海域鸢乌贼雌性（1.84）和雄性（1.76）总死亡系数相差不大,开发较为均衡;南海北部海域鸢乌贼雌性（0.60）总死亡系数远小于雄性（4.83）,显示该海域鸢乌贼未能充分开发。从渔业资源开发的角度,渔业政策偏向于开发南海南部鸢乌贼资源,使得北部鸢乌贼资源未能充分开发,不利于南海鸢乌贼资源的可持续利用。     

基于人工神经网络的CHRIS数据内陆水体叶绿素浓度反演研究

利用BP神经网络和CHRIS高光谱数据反演了富营养化非常严重的太湖梅梁湾地区叶绿素A浓度。首先计算了CHRIS模式2的18个波段与叶绿素A浓度的皮尔森相关系数,选择CHRIS的前5个波段和第13波段的反射率值作为神经网络的输入,以野外测量的叶绿素A浓度为神经网络的输出。实验表明,BP神经网络具有很好的非线性拟合能力,叶绿素A浓度的反演精度相对误差仅为22%,明显优于传统的多项式模型,显示BP神经网络与CHRIS高光谱数据结合的方法在内陆水体水质参数反演领域的应用具有相当的优势。