联合收割机谷物流量测试装置和性能研究

随着现代化农场管理和农业生产的需要,提出了在作业中的联合收割机上监测谷物流量的要求。本文阐述了一种应用红外光电传感器和微电子技术在联合收割机谷粒升运器上进行谷物流量监测的原理和方法,分析了试验数据,进一步探讨了开发适合联合收割机使用的谷物流量仪的可行性。     

植物物料不同腐解期土壤胡敏酸及腐解物红外光谱特征的研究

研究结果表明,玉米秸秆和苜蓿各腐解期土壤胡敏酸红外光谱均具有一般胡敏酸的光谱特征;其光谱变化特征可反映胡敏酸的形成、“熟化”进程;腐解6～9个月期间是胡敏酸芳构化、缩合和甲基分解等反应的活跃期,腐解9个月后的胡敏酸已达到较高的芳构度和缩合度.不同腐解期腐解物的红外光谱可反映物料的腐解进程,1720cm^-1和870cm^-1吸收带可作为表征两种物料腐解进程的指标.腐解物组分对红外光谱影响的研究证实了木质素未直接参与腐殖质形成过程.     

荔枝在不同红外辐射源下真空干燥优化试验

通过不同红外辐射源真空干燥荔枝试验以及干燥工艺品质试验,表明果肉与辐射源光谱匹配显著影响干燥速率,真空度、辐射热流密度的匹配影响干燥速率及干燥品质;采用辐射源SZ、辐射距离120mm、加热/缓苏时间15min/15min、真空度0.02MPa的干燥工艺,干燥速率与干果品质综合评价最优.     

X-ray diffraction studies of poly(aryl ether ether ketone) fibers with different degrees of crystallinity and orientation

A selection of commercially available poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers with different degrees of molecular alignment and crystallinity have been investigated utilizing a wide range of techniques including optical microscopy, infrared spectroscopy together with thermal and wide-angle X-ray diffraction techniques. Annealing experiments showed increased molecular alignment and crystallinity as shown by the increased values of birefringence and melting enthalpies. Crystallinity values determined from thermal analysis, density, unpolarized infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction are compared and discussed in terms of the inherent capabilities and limitations of each measurement technique. The birefringence and refractive index values obtained from optical microscopy are found to decrease with increasing wavelength of light used in the experiments. The wide-angle X-ray diffraction analysis shows that the samples with relatively low orientation possess oriented non-crystalline array of chains whereas those with high molecular orientation possess well defined and oriented crystalline array of chains along the fiber axis direction. X-ray analysis showed increasing crystallite size trend with increasing molecular orientation. SEM images showed micro-cracks on low oriented fiber surfaces becoming smooth on highly oriented fiber surfaces. Excellent bending characteristics were observed with knotted fibers implying relatively easy fabric formation.     

低粘聚阴离子纤维素取代度的调控研究

在制备低粘聚阴离子纤维素(简称LV-PAC)的过程中,为了有效地调控PAC的取代度,采用了悬浮物微波辐照、控制碱化反应和醚化反应中的关键条件等方法。实验表明:以异丙醇-乙醇-水(体积比为8∶1∶1)为溶剂,当微波处理时间为3min,棉碱酸摩尔比为1∶1.8∶1.4,在10℃碱化反应1h,在70℃醚化反应2h的条件下,所制备产品LV-PAC的取代度(红外光谱法)可有效地控制在0.95±0.05范围内。     

应用同步辐射光谱技术研究退耕草地土壤有机碳官能团变化

  目的  为了明确埋藏古水稻土与现代水稻土有机质官能团红外光谱特征及其变化规律,揭示氧化铁对不同环境条件、不同埋深有机质官能团光谱响应的影响。  方法  采用傅里叶红外光谱测定杉龙岗埋藏古水稻土与现代耕作水稻土原土、去除有机质土、去除氧化铁土的有机质官能团的光谱特征,对比分析土壤有机质官能团的差异及剖面分布特征。  结果  三种处理方式下有机质官能团红外光谱变化特征在同一土壤剖面的红外光谱曲线形态、特征吸收峰和吸收强度基本一致,尤其是与有机质官能团有关的几个典型吸收峰：2925 cm⁻¹（脂族峰）,2854 cm⁻¹（脂族峰）,1634 cm⁻¹（芳香峰）,1401 cm⁻¹（脂族峰）。而去除有机质的差谱图在同一土壤剖面表现为：有机质官能团吸收强度均朝着强度更强的趋势变化,且去除氧化铁的差谱图中有机质官能团吸收强度变化更大。  结论  有机质官能团与含铁矿物之间存在密切联系,去除氧化铁更有利于观察有机质官能团红外光谱特征的变化,且这种变化在埋藏古水稻土中尤为明显,埋藏古水稻土有机质官能团结构稳定性表现为1634 cm⁻¹（芳香峰） > 1401 cm⁻¹（脂族峰） > 2925 cm⁻¹（脂族峰） > 2854 cm⁻¹（脂族峰）。剖面变化特征表现为随土层加深芳香碳增加而脂族碳减少。     

近红外光谱分析技术在饲料质量安全评价中的应用研究进展

近红外光谱分析技术是饲料质量安全控制中不可或缺的一种技术,它不仅能够较准确的测定饲料产品营养价值的各相关参数指标,而且能科学的分析配合饲料的原料组成和来源,应用于饲料安全溯源管理;同时,利用近红外光谱分析技术获取强特异性的个性特征信息,可用于完善饲料产品注册系统。本文综述了近红外光谱分析技术在饲料质量安全评价方面的应用研究成果,以便使该技术更好的为饲料行业质量安全控制服务。     

红外光谱法在蕲山药多糖分析中的应用

该研究采用波长为400～4 000 cm-1的红外光谱对蕲山药多糖结构进行了分析鉴定,得到了波长为840 cm-1代表α-糖苷键的特征吸收峰和波长为759.21、830.87、812.81与876.60 cm-1等代表木糖、鼠李糖、甘露糖的特征吸收峰,以及波长为842.64 cm-1代表阿拉伯糖的特征吸收峰,推测蕲山药多糖主要以α-糖苷键形式存在,主要包括木糖、鼠李糖、甘露糖、阿拉伯糖等.试验结果为下一步定量研究蕲山药多糖及其开发应用提供了基础数据.     

The use of infrared thermography as an early indicator of bovine respiratory disease complex in calves

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) complex causes considerable distress to domestic livestock and economic hardship to the beef industry. Furthermore, the resulting extensive use of antimicrobial treatments is a growing concern from the perspective of facilitating antibiotic resistant microbes. The earlier detection of BRD would enable an earlier, more targeted treatment regime and earlier isolation of infected individuals. The objective of the present study was to investigate the use of non-invasive infrared thermography in the early detection of BRD in cattle. Studies were conducted on 133 head of weaned calves. Data demonstrated that infrared thermography was able to identify animals at early stages of illness, often several days to over one week before clinical signs were manifest. Data indicated that 4-6 days prior to the onset of clinical symptoms of BRD, greater positive and negative predictive values and test efficiency for infrared thermography (80%, 65% and 71%, respectively) compared to the industry standard practice of clinical scoring (70%, 45% and 55%, respectively).     

应用红外光谱技术分析蚕丝织物酸水解老化过程的结构变化及对强度的影响

以蚕丝断裂强力作为蚕丝织物酸水解老化样品老化程度的考核指标,利用衰减全反射傅里叶变换红外光谱(ATR-FTIR)技术和红外光谱去卷积拟合技术考察样品丝蛋白一级、二级结构的变化,分析丝蛋白β-折叠结构变化对蚕丝织物断裂强力的影响,同时利用X射线衍射(XRD)技术测试分析样品丝蛋白结晶度变化,以此探讨蚕丝织物的老化规律及老化机制。结果表明,随着蚕丝织物酸水解老化处理时间延长和氢离子浓度增加,丝蛋白的β-折叠结构相对含量呈下降趋势,而蚕丝织物断裂强力随老化处理时间的变化规律与丝蛋白β-折叠结构相对含量的变化有一致性。进一步分析蚕丝织物断裂强力变化曲线区域特性,发现丝蛋白β-折叠结构相对含量的变化是引起蚕丝织物断裂强力变化的主要原因,并且对样品丝蛋白结晶度的测试结果佐证了上述观点。