近红外光谱分析技术在饲料检测中的应用与研究

本文介绍了近红外光谱分析技术的基本原理,近红外光谱的优缺点及应用领域,着重介绍了近红外光谱在饲料检测领域中的应用,并展望了其应用前景。     

Effects of grazing and experimental warming on DOC concentrations in the soil solution on the Qinghai-Tibet plateau

Little information is available about the effects of global warming and land management on dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration in soil solution in the field. Here, for the first time, we used a free-air temperature enhancement (FATE) system in a controlled warming-grazing experiment in 2006 and 2007 to test the hypothesis that grazing modifies the response of soil solution DOC concentration to experimental warming. Warming with no-grazing (WNG) significantly increased the average soil solution DOC concentration to 40 cm soil depth by 14.1 and 17.2% compared with no-warming with no-grazing (NWNG) in 2006 and 2007 respectively based on 1.3-1.4 °C soil temperature increase. However, the lack of significant differences among warming with grazing (WG), no-warming with grazing (NWG) and NWNG indicate that moderate grazing modified the effect of warming on DOC concentration in the soil solution. The effect of grazing on DOC concentration in the soil solution varied with sampling date and soil depth. Generally, the direct contribution of soil temperature and soil moisture to variation of DOC concentration in the soil solution was small. Positive correlations were observed between soil solution DOC concentration in the surface soil and standing death quality and belowground biomass. The Lignin:N ratio in the standing death and belowground biomass at 10 cm soil depth explained 60% of the variation of mean DOC concentration at 10 cm soil depth. Soil moisture and belowground biomass explained 79% of the variation of the mean soil solution DOC concentration to 40 cm soil depth in 2007.     

利用近红外漫反射(NIR)技术快速检测多维饲料中维生素E的含量

本文尝试将近红外漫反射技术应用于预测多维预混料中维生素E的含量,并分析此方法的可行性。利用125个多维预混料小规模定标集进行定标,获得定标方程,并将20个多维预混料预测结果与高效液相色谱(HPLC)法的检测结果进行比较,结果表明用近红外漫反射技术预测多维预混料中维生素E含量可行。     

红外光谱分析技术测定饲料营养品质及其分子结构的研究进展

红外光谱(IRS)分析技术是将光谱测量、计算机和化学计量学等技术有机结合发展起来的一项技术。在饲料营养价值评估方面,IRS 分析技术具有检测速度快、样品用量少和多组分同时检测等优点,已逐步成为饲料生产领域日常检测手段。本文综述了利用 IRS 技术在饲料及饲料原料营养价值评定、营养元素分子结构解析及其与营养特性相关性分析方面的研究进展,并对影响 IRS 分析技术测定准确性的因素及在饲料工业领域应用前景进行了阐述,为丰富饲料营养价值评定理论与技术提供参考。     

Leaf development,net assimilation and leaf nitrogen concentrations of five Prunus rootstocks in response to root temperature

Rootstocks differentially influence tree physiology and these differences may be due to varying responses to root zone temperature (RZT). To determine if this is the case, the physiology, leaf development and nitrogen relationships of five different Prunus rootstocks with chill requirements between 100 and 1100 h were examined during and after growth at RZTs of 5, 12 and 19 °C for 6 weeks. RZT correlated positively with leaf numbers, expansion rates and final leaf area, and significant differences existed among the rootstocks in the magnitude of these parameters at different RZTs. In particular, leaf expansion and area were less affected at low RZT in the low chill varieties. Net assimilation (A_n), leaf nitrogen (N%) and photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency (A_n/N) also correlated positively with RZT: again, there were differences in the magnitude of these parameters among the rootstocks. No associations amongst A_n, N% or A_n/N could be found for the rootstocks; hence, they all differed in their physiological responses to RZT. Low RZT alone was sufficient to reduce A_n and decreased both leaf area and photosynthetic activity. Leaf expansion was related to N%, as the varieties with the lowest N% also had the lowest expansion rates. Infrared thermography of the cv. Golden Queen showed a negative correlation between RZT and leaf temperature with leaves of plants at the lowest RZT being 2 °C warmer than ambient whilst those at the highest RZT were 2 °C cooler than ambient. These differences were due to transpiration, as transpiration for the variety used decreased with reducing RZT. Transpiration from the other rootstock varieties was lowest at the 5 °C RZT but, depending on variety, at 12 °C was either higher, lower or the same as that from plants whose roots were at 19 °C. Together, the results of this study explain some of the rootstock-induced changes in tree growth and suggest the need to incorporate seasonal changes in RZT into development models for peaches.     

实木地板的红外烘干技术研究

在阐述红外干燥原理和优点的基础上,从油墨和红外辐射器选择、气力系统的配置、物料传输速度及各因素的相应匹配原则几方面对实木地板的红外烘干技术进行了研究。     

硒与抗坏血酸的生理作用

用红外光谱法分析硒蛋白的分布状态及硒蛋白与有机化合物作用关系。为研究硒与抗坏血酸的生理作用提供合理信息数据,硒是人和动物不可缺少的一种稀有分散性元素,由于其在生物体中生理作用比较特殊,已成为国内外学者重要研究课题之一,尽管人们将大部分注意力集中于硒与其它元素的相互作用,但硒与有机化合物之间的相互作用还是相当重要的。     

FRW阻燃中密度纤维板的FTIR分析

采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)法测得FRW阻燃中密度纤维板和未处理普通中密度纤维板的FTIR图谱，探讨了FRW阻燃剂与纤维界面间的结合机理。     

城市绿化植物的固碳释氧效应

以哈尔滨市常见的8种树种糖槭、榆树、白桦、山桃稠李、金银忍冬、连翘、紫丁香、榆叶梅为研究材料,利用LCA-4型红外气体分析系统进行一个生长季的观测;以观测数据为基础,对8种树种的固碳释氧量进行了比较。结果证明,在整个生长季中,8个树种的固碳释氧量由高到低排列为榆树、糖槭、紫丁香、白桦、榆叶梅、连翘、金银忍冬、山桃稠李。同时对各树种整个生长季固碳释氧量的趋势进行了分析,对树种的配置提出建议。     

菠萝蜜的营养成分与鉴别比较研究

检测了不同品系菠萝蜜的还原糖、粗纤维、蛋白质、脂肪等,利用傅里叶变换红外光谱法(FTIR)无损快速鉴别了6份品系菠萝蜜果实,并采用电子感官对不同品系菠萝蜜进行了比对。结果表明:菠萝蜜含有丰富的还原糖和蛋白质、少量的脂肪和粗纤维,6份菠萝蜜均可根据红外的特征谱图,分析菠萝蜜化学组成成分,并进行品系的分类鉴别,电子感官技术也较好的对菠萝蜜品系进行了差异性比较。