蒙古口蘑的真伪鉴别

通过来源鉴定、性状鉴定及红外检测、薄层色谱鉴定、石油醚提取物GC-MS分析等理化鉴定方法,对蒙古口蘑及其市场上常见的3种蒙古口蘑混淆品进行真伪鉴别,并指出正品和伪品的不同鉴别特征.通过来源鉴定3种混淆品是水粉伞菌(Clitocybe nebularis)、杨树口蘑(Tricholoma populinum)、野蘑菇(Agaricus arvensis)的子实体.     

彝药毒清药和香樟根的红外指纹图谱分析

[目的]建立鉴别毒清药和香樟根药材的红外指纹图谱。[方法]采用傅立叶变换红外光谱法对毒清药和香樟根进行红外指纹图谱分析。[结果]毒清药和香樟根药材具有各自不同的红外特征指纹图谱。[结论]试验所得毒清药和香樟根药材的红外特征指纹图谱可作为这2种药材的鉴别依据。     

掺假羊奶原奶中植物蛋白的近红外快速检测

探讨利用近红外分析仪以及WinISI数据处理软件对80份羊奶原奶中所掺植物蛋白建立定标方程的可行性,结果表明,使用改进最小二乘法(MPLS)在无散射处理下建立的定标模型的相关系数RSQ=0.995 5,标准偏差SEC=0.003 1,交互验证误差SECV=0.005 2,交互验证相关系数1-RV=0.987 6。实现了对掺假原奶中植物蛋白的快速检测。     

薰衣草精油快速鉴别分析

[目的]建立一种有效的薰衣草精油快速鉴别分析方法。[方法]对不同产地薰衣草精油使用红外衰减全反射法采集红外光谱,并进行标准谱库检索分析,另采用气相色谱法对精油进行色谱分离,以色谱峰保留时间定性分析。[结果]红外结果显示,新疆盛澜、广东雾泽、广东广州的薰衣草精油样品与标准谱库薰衣草精油匹配值分别为98.45%、97.46%、97.59%;气相结果显示,上述三者都有2个相同的主要色谱峰27.4和31.6 min,而吉水华新薰衣草精油样品的红外与气相分析结果和其他3个样品有明显差异。[结论]红外结合气相分析对薰衣草精油真伪鉴别快速有效,并为进一步产地分析提供了初步筛选方法。     

Geostatistical scaling of canopy water content in a California salt marsh

Remote sensing data are typically collected at a scale which is larger in both grain and extent than traditional ecological measurements. To compare with remotely sensed data on a one-to-one basis, field measurements frequently must be rescaled to match the grain of image data. Once a one-to-one correspondence is established, it may be possible to extrapolate site based relationships over a wider extent. This paper presents a methodology for rescaling the grain of ecological field data to match the grain of remotely sensed data and gives an example of the method in verification of remote sensing estimates of canopy water content in a tidal salt marsh. We measured canopy water content at 169 points on a semi-regular grid in the Petaluma Marsh, CA. A variogram describing the spatial correlation structure of the canopy water content was calculated and modeled. Ordinary kriging estimates of the canopy water content were calculated over blocks corresponding to image pixels acquired by the Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS). A water content index was determined from the reflectance data by calculating the area of a water absorption feature at 970 nm. A regression developed between the blocks and the pixels at the site was extrapolated over the image to obtain an estimate of canopy water content for the entire marsh. The patterns of canopy water content at the site and landscape levels suggest that different processes are important for determining patterns of canopy water content at different spatial extents. The errors involved in the rescaling procedures and the remote sensing interpretation are discussed.     

桑树叶片的叶绿素值检测与光谱特征分析方法

为了探索一种基于光谱技术的快速、无损且准确的桑树叶片叶绿素值(SPAD)检测方法,对6个桑树品种叶片的叶绿素值与可见-近红外光谱(Vis-NIR)反射率进行了测定与分析。同一叶片因测量部位不同,SPAD值也不同;同一植株自上而下的叶片SPAD值呈上升趋势。采用偏最小二乘法(PLS)建立了6个桑品种叶片的SPAD与叶片的可见-近红外光谱反射率定量分析模型,校正相关系数均达到0.80以上,预测相关系数均达到0.79以上,表明利用可见-近红外光谱分析法能较好地检测桑树叶片的叶绿素值。     

Technological,environmental and biological factors: referent variance values for infrared imaging of the bovine

Background

Despite its variety of potential applications, the wide implementation of infrared technology in cattle production faces technical, environmental and biological challenges similar to other indicators of metabolic state. Nine trials, divided into three classes (technological, environmental and biological factors) were conducted to illustrate the influence of these factors on body surface temperature assessed through infrared imaging.

Results

Evaluation of technological factors indicated the following: measurements of body temperatures were strongly repeatable when taken within 10 s; appropriateness of differing infrared camera technologies was influenced by distance to the target; and results were consistent when analysis of thermographs was compared between judges. Evaluation of environmental factors illustrated that wind and debris caused decreases in body surface temperatures without affecting metabolic rate; additionally, body surface temperature increased due to sunlight but returned to baseline values within minutes of shade exposure. Examination/investigation/exploration of animal factors demonstrated that exercise caused an increase in body surface temperature and metabolic rate. Administration of sedative and anti-sedative caused changes on body surface temperature and metabolic rate, and during late pregnancy a foetal thermal imprint was visible through abdominal infrared imaging.

Conclusion

The above factors should be considered in order to standardize operational procedures for taking thermographs, thereby optimizing the use of such technology in cattle operations.     

远红外干燥机内物料传热传质的计算分析

建立了远红外干燥机内物料单元与其它单元间辐射换热的方程组及物料失水方程,进行了举例计算分析,计算结果与实测值相符。     

两个玉米自交系苗期叶温的干旱响应研究

利用远红外热成像系统的技术,研究玉米自交系综3与87-1苗期叶片对干旱的响应以及生物量的积累变化。结果表明,在遭受中度干旱胁迫的条件下,87-1的相对生物鲜重(0.716)及相对生物干重(0.799)显著高于综3(0.564,0.658),87-1的叶温差(0.30℃)显著高于综3(0.13℃)。通过离体叶片分析,综3离体叶片较87-1失水速率快,叶温在离体短时间内下降更低。表明在响应水分胁迫方面,87-1较综3叶片蒸发量小,叶温变化大,保水能力好,87-1表现出了更强的耐旱性。生物量积累与叶温差存在紧密的相关性,较高叶温差的基因型在遭受到水分胁迫时生物量积累更强。     

Development of crop water stress index of wheat crop for scheduling irrigation using infrared thermometry

This study was conducted to develop the relationship between canopy-air temperature difference and vapour pressure deficit for no stress condition of wheat crop (baseline equations), which was used to quantify crop water stress index (CWSI) to schedule irrigation in winter wheat crop (Triticum aestivum L.). The randomized block design (RBD) was used to design the experimental layout with five levels of irrigation treatments based on the percentage depletion of available soil water (ASW) in the root zone. The maximum allowable depletion (MAD) of the available soil water (ASW) of 10, 40 and 60 per cent, fully wetted (no stress) and no irrigation (fully stressed) were maintained in the crop experiments. The lower (non-stressed) and upper (fully stressed) baselines were determined empirically from the canopy and ambient air temperature data obtained using infrared thermometry and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) under fully watered and maximum water stress crop, respectively. The canopy-air temperature difference and VPD resulted linear relationships and the slope (m) and intercept (c) for lower baseline of pre-heading and post-heading stages of wheat crop were found m = −1.7466, c = −1.2646 and m = −1.1141, c = −2.0827, respectively. The CWSI was determined by using the developed empirical equations for three irrigation schedules of different MAD of ASW. The established CWSI values can be used for monitoring plant water status and planning irrigation scheduling for wheat crop.