土壤中氮检测技术研究进展

论述了土壤中氮含量检测的意义和方法,着重探讨了利用遥感技术预测土壤中氮含量模型的建立。通过遥感检测土壤动态实现农田土壤养分与环境质量的分析将是遥感监测土壤质量的一个重要应用。该研究为农田土壤养分的检测提供了有利依据。同时,对该领域中遥感技术的发展趋势进行了探讨。     

链霉菌属各类群红外光谱的研究

测定了链霉菌属１３个类群的代表菌种菌体的红外光谱，结果表明，各类群菌体红外光谱具有高度特羿性和重现性，利用已知的标准光谱图与未知的实验光谱作对照比较，可以区分和鉴定出实验菌株的类群。     

竹浆纤维红外光谱分析及再生纤维素纤维市场简析

通过有效检测竹浆中的纤维素纤维的红外吸收光谱,并利用红外光谱仪等多种专业仪器来分析多种纤维素纤维的差别,可以得出纤维素纤维的结构差异性,从而有助于将其利用在工业化量产之后,结合其自身特性来区分应用方向。同时对再生纤维素纤维市场进行简析,为相关行业企业尽早做好应对贸易摩擦造成的负面影响准备提供参考。     

Validation of the n-alkane and NIRS techniques to estimate intake, digestibility and diet composition in sheep fed mixed lucerne: ryegrass diets

An experiment was carried out with sixteen non-pregnant, non-lactating adult Rasa Aragonesa ewes fed different proportions of lucerne and ryegrass hays to validate the use of n-alkanes and NIRS methods to estimate diet composition, intake and digestibility. The effect of two different faecal sampling procedures (daily pool (S1) or rectal spot samples (S2)) was also tested. The faecal concentration of n-alkanes was affected by the sampling procedure, although differences were lower than 12%. Faecal recoveries were not affected by diet, except in the case of C₂₃ (P < 0.0001), C₂₈ (P = 0.0264) and C₃₃ (P = 0.0241), and followed a curvilinear pattern with alkane chain length. Recovery was complete in the case of C₂₉, C₃₁ and C₃₃, which countersigns the usefulness of these internal markers for digestibility and digestive flow studies (especially C₃₁, given its high concentration in most plants). The faecal recoveries of C₃₁ and C₃₂ were not similar, the assumption of identity affecting in an important way the reliability of intake estimates. The NIRS methodology appeared as a promising alternative for predicting diet composition (R² of the cross-validation = 0.98) and faecal concentration of most natural alkanes, although that was not the case for dosed alkanes. In all cases, the prediction equations obtained from the spectra of the faecal spot samples were better than those obtained from daily pool samples.     

红外加热技术在农业物料加工中的应用

介绍了生物材料红外吸收光谱的原理和特点，总结了红外加热技术的优点，列举了几种农业生物材料干燥数学模型以及合理选择干燥模型的标准。通过大量的实例阐述了红外辐射技术在谷物干燥、果蔬脱水以及农产品消毒杀菌方面的应用和研究。在此基础上提出了红外干燥技术在生物材料加工中的进一步研究方向。     

Management-induced change in labile soil organic matter under continuous corn in eastern Canadian soils

Soil samples taken from four experimental sites that had been cropped to continuous corn for 3–11 years in Ontario and Quebec were analyzed to evaluate changes in quantity and quality of labile soil organic carbon under different nitrogen (N) fertility and tillage treatments. Addition of fertilizer N above soil test recommendations tended to decrease amounts of water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) and microbial biomass carbon (MBC). The quality of the WSOC was characterized by ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance and infrared spectrophotometry and the results indicated that carbohydrates, long-chain aliphatics and proteins were the major components of all extracts. Similar types of C were present in all of the soils, but an influence of management was evident. The quantity of soil MBC was positively related to the quantities of WSOC, carbohydrate C, and organic C, and negatively related to quantities of long-chain aliphatic C in the soil. The quantity of WSOC was positively related to the quantities of protein C, carbohydrate C, and negatively related to the quantity of carboxylic C. The quantity of soil MBC was not only related to quantities of soil WSOC but also to the quality of soil WSOC. Received: 2 April 1997     

蔬菜种子干燥的临界安全温度及动力学分析

根据蔬菜种子的生理生化特性,研制了双行程红外辐射振动流化干燥机。根据干燥动力学方程,分析了既节能又可保证种子活力的干燥工艺参数,对褚－杨蔬菜种子的干燥临界安全温度方程与Ｐｔｉｔｓｙｎ谷物临界温度方程进行了比较,为蔬菜种子安全干燥提供了理论依据。     

Influence of environmental factors on infrared eye temperature measurements in cattle

Environmental factors were evaluated to determine potential limitations in using cattle eye temperatures obtained through infrared thermography (IRT) for early disease detection systems or in animal welfare research studies. The effects of the following factors on IRT eye temperatures in cattle and a fabricated surrogate “eye” were evaluated: camera to object distance, wind speed, camera settings (distance, emissivity, and humidity), and solar loading. Wind speed in both live animals and using a surrogate “eye” was found to decrease the IRT temperature. In the presence of ∼7 km/h wind, the mean IRT eye temperature decreased by 0.43 ± 0.13 °C and; at higher wind speeds (∼12 km/h), the temperature decreased by 0.78 ± 0.33 °C. Direct sunlight was found to increase the IRT eye temperature by 0.56 ± 0.36 °C. It was determined that environmental factors impact IRT temperature measurements significantly and therefore must be managed to ensure reproducible and accurate readings.     

6株硅酸盐细菌解磷解钾活性的研究

[目的]筛选高效解钾释磷硅酸盐细菌。[方法]用无氮培养基筛选分离硅酸盐细菌并加以鉴定,采用钼蓝比色法测定发酵液中磷含量,采用原子吸收法测定发酵液中钾离子含量,并提取发酵液多糖进行红外光谱分析。[结果]共分离6株DMS1～6号菌,各菌株均能在无氮培养基上较好生长,其中筛出的DMS6号菌释磷能力较高,DMS3号菌、DMS4号菌解钾能力较高。提取多糖红外光谱分析认为,含有极少量的-COOH。[结论]解磷能力强的是DMS6号菌,解钾能力较高的是DMS3号菌、DMS4号菌。多糖不一定是解钾长石的主要因素。     

烟草近红外光谱分析结果影响因素综述

结合国内外研究现状,针对校正集样品选择,样品粒度、含水率、试验因素以及光谱预处理和数学建模方法的选择对烟草近红外光谱分析结果的影响进行了探讨分析。结果表明:为获得可靠的分析结果,样品选择应均匀、广泛,有较好的代表性,并考虑样品粒度、含水率及其他因素的影响,同时应选择合适的光谱处理方法和数学建模算法。