辽宁省草原资源管理系统建设研究

辽宁省草原资源管理系统综合应用地理信息、数据库和网络信息技术,以辽宁省1∶250000和1∶50000比例尺的电子地图为基础本底数据,结合实地调查的草原GPS数据和草原属性数据建立了辽宁省草原地理信息数据库,采用B/S辅以C/S架构构建系统,设置了系统设置、专题管理、统计分析、项目管理、文献管理和权限设置等模块,涵盖了草原资源、属性、工程、灾害、监测、知识、文献和报表等信息,为草原管理提供了系统、高效、便捷和直观的网络信息交互平台,对于提高辽宁省草原资源管理水平、实现草原数字化与信息化管理具有重要意义。     

农业大数据助力现代农业高质量发展

农业大数据对推动我国现代化农业强国建设具有重要的意义,本文较为细致地梳理了农业大数据的发展意义和存在的问题,并对其未来的发展趋势进行讨论。     

基于GIS的水文地质信息管理系统

本文结合当前流行的GIS技术,针对目前煤矿在水文地质资料管理中的实际情况,研究开发了水文地质信息管理系统。该系统应用SQL Server数据库和MAPGIS平台实现资料管理,对基于VC++6.0面向对象语言的水文地质信息管理数据库系统的数据库结构以及系统功能进行了描述,实现了对矿井水文地质资料的图文分析、统计计算和报表输出等功能。     

Emerging viral zoonoses: frameworks for spatial and spatiotemporal risk assessment and resource planning

Spatial epidemiological tools are increasingly being applied to emerging viral zoonoses (EVZ), partly because of improving analytical methods and technologies for data capture and management, and partly because the demand is growing for more objective ways of allocating limited resources in the face of the emerging threat posed by these diseases. This review documents applications of geographical information systems (GIS), remote sensing (RS) and spatially-explicit statistical and mathematical models to epidemiological studies of EVZ.Landscape epidemiology uses statistical associations between environmental variables and diseases to study and predict their spatial distributions. Phylogeography augments epidemiological knowledge by studying the evolution of viral genetics through space and time. Cluster detection and early warning systems assist surveillance and can permit timely interventions. Advanced statistical models can accommodate spatial dependence present in epidemiological datasets and can permit assessment of uncertainties in disease data and predictions. Mathematical models are particularly useful for testing and comparing alternative control strategies, whereas spatial decision-support systems integrate a variety of spatial epidemiological tools to facilitate widespread dissemination and interpretation of disease data. Improved spatial data collection systems and greater practical application of spatial epidemiological tools should be applied in real-world scenarios.     

吉林省实施"农技110"信息服务模式的探讨

从吉林省农业信息化建设实际情况出发，积极探索运用新型呼叫中心运行系统、信息共享服务平台、新闻媒体和现有农技推广模式，建立适合吉林省省情的有效的“农技110”信息服务体系，并在实施“农技110”信息服务模式的保障体制方面进行了有益的探索和创新。     

优质猪杂交繁育体系的构建与优化

选用杜洛克、长白、大白3个国外引进品种,冀合白猪专门化母系B1个国内培育品系,以及1个地方品种太湖猪,模拟杂交繁育体系的生物经济学过程,构建了优质猪的杂交繁育体系,并以每头后备母猪平均每年的利润、每头标准化商品猪的利润、每1000头标准商品猪相对应的母猪头数和商品代出栏猪肌内脂肪含量(肉质指标)4个评价指标对杂交繁育体系进行了优化选择,结果在4种杂交配套组合中,杜洛克×(大白×冀合白猪专门化母系B)经济效率和商品代猪肉质最优。     

Comparison of the API 20E and BBL Crystal E/NF Identification Systems for Differentiating Bacterial Isolates from Apparently Healthy Reared Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)

The ability of two commercial rapid identification systems, API 20E and BBL Crystal E/NF, to reliably identify bacterial isolates from the internal organs of reared sea bass were compared. The tests gave different results: API 20E identified bacteria as Pseudomonas spp. with 37% accuracy, while BBL Crystal E/NF identified them as Flavobacterium odoratum with 99% accuracy. Although F. odoratum is not a marine fish pathogen, conventional tests conducted with the same isolates were more indicative of them being Flavobacterium spp. than Pseudomonas spp., suggesting that BBL Crystal E/NF was more reliable in this identification. Both systems were found to be applicable for diagnostics of marine fish pathogens, but should be used with caution because of possible misinterpretation.     

Optimizing the use of breed types in developing country livestock production systems: a neglected research area

Developing country livestock production systems are diverse and dynamic, and include those where existing indigenous breeds are currently optimal and likely to remain so, those where non‐indigenous breed types are already in common use, and systems that are changing, such as by intensification, where the introduction of new breed types represents significant opportunities. These include opportunities to improve the livelihood of the world's poor, increase food and nutrition security and enhance environmental sustainability. At present, very little research has focused on this issue, such that significant knowledge gaps in relation to breed‐change interventions remain. The purpose of this study is to raise awareness of this issue and suggests strategic research areas to begin filling these knowledge gaps. Such strategic research would include (i) assessing the impact of differing breed types in developing country livestock productions systems, from a range of viewpoints including intrahousehold livelihood benefit, food and nutrition security at different scales, and environmental sustainability; (ii) identification of specific livestock production systems within developing countries, and the type of livestock keepers within these system, that are most likely to benefit from new breed types; and (iii) identification of new breed types as candidates for in‐situ testing within these systems, such as through the use of spatial analysis to identify similar production environments combined with community acceptance studies. Results of these studies would primarily assist stakeholders in agriculture, including both policy makers and livestock keepers, to make informed decisions on the potential use of new breed types.     

网络信息组织方法

本文介绍了应用于网络信息组织众多方法中比较常用的四种:数字化图书馆、主题网关、书目控制、信息网格。     

基于[火用]方法的空调冷热源系统优化决策

结合方法和热经济学原理建立了空调冷热源系统的分析模型,阐述了产品成本是评价冷热源系统方案优劣的关键因素.采用多目标模糊决策方法,综合考虑了单位产品成本、初投资、技术先进性、安装面积、运行安全可靠性、维护管理难易程度和环保性等多种影响因素,基于方法的冷热源优化决策算法.通过应用实例,说明了此新优化决策算法相比工程中传统决策方法,可靠性更高,使各决策方案间优劣区分度更加明显。