首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
文章检索
  按 检索   检索词:      
出版年份:   被引次数:   他引次数: 提示:输入*表示无穷大
  收费全文   219篇
  免费   31篇
  国内免费   10篇
林业   7篇
农学   3篇
基础科学   23篇
  42篇
综合类   64篇
农作物   1篇
水产渔业   83篇
畜牧兽医   23篇
园艺   2篇
植物保护   12篇
  2025年   1篇
  2024年   15篇
  2023年   4篇
  2022年   7篇
  2021年   12篇
  2020年   5篇
  2019年   6篇
  2018年   4篇
  2017年   10篇
  2016年   9篇
  2015年   12篇
  2014年   9篇
  2013年   11篇
  2012年   24篇
  2011年   14篇
  2010年   14篇
  2009年   16篇
  2008年   11篇
  2007年   27篇
  2006年   6篇
  2005年   5篇
  2004年   5篇
  2003年   5篇
  2002年   4篇
  2001年   1篇
  2000年   6篇
  1999年   2篇
  1998年   3篇
  1997年   2篇
  1996年   3篇
  1995年   4篇
  1994年   1篇
  1990年   1篇
  1988年   1篇
排序方式: 共有260条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
141.
分析和研究了在河流污染浓度控制中广泛应用的一维水质模型结构和应用条件。根据总量控制的需要,以河流中瞬时面源排放的一维水质模型为出发点,采用叠加原理和积分法重新推导了连续稳定面源排放的一维水质模型结构,通过实际应用,检验了模型的精确性和实用性,分析比较了总量控制一维水质模型与浓度控制一维水质模型的结构,应用条件,精确性与合理性。  相似文献   
142.
Originally developed to assess the relative abundance of ≥1+ fishes in large rivers, point abundance sampling by electrofishing (PASE) was adapted for 0+ fishes in the mid‐1980s. Being both economical and widely applicable, PASE for 0+ fish has become a commonly used sampling approach in Europe, but its use for estimating 0+ fish density and species richness has attracted particular concern because of size and species selectivity. As such, this review is both timely and necessary. It summarizes the development of PASE and evaluates its various applications: studies of 0+ fish community composition, relative abundance and density, species richness (S), population size structure, larval and juvenile growth dynamics, microhabitat use, diel dynamics of species–species and species–microhabitat interactions, and the analysis of data emanating from PASE databases. The use and potential misuse of replicate sampling in estimates of S are examined, with PASE data from various European rivers re‐analysed to assess geographical patterns in 0+ fish S. Comparisons of PASE and other approaches for estimating 0+ fish density and species richness have all demonstrated PASE to be cost‐effective and relatively reliable, but sampling accuracy and precision do decrease as fishes enter the juvenile period of development.  相似文献   
143.
渭干河-库车河三角洲绿洲表层土壤盐分空间异质性分析   总被引:3,自引:2,他引:3  
以新疆塔里木盆地北缘典型盐渍化区-渭干河-库车河三角洲绿洲为例,基于野外实测数据,借助常规统计与地统计分析方法,对绿洲表层盐渍化土壤的空间分布特征进行定量研究。分析结果显示:该绿洲土壤盐类主要以氯化物为主,同时并伴有少量的硫酸盐-氯化物类;在空间变异性上,CO23-和HCO3-为中度变异性,土壤含盐量、Cl-、Ca2+、Mg2+、SO24-以及K++Na+均具有较强的空间变异性;盐渍化土壤主要分布于渭干河、库车河的下游,塔里木河的北部,绿洲的东部、南部和东南部区域,表层土壤中Cl-和K++Na+含量较高。在绿洲西部和西北部,Cl-、Ca2+和K++Na+分布的含量则相对较低。此外,HCO3-、SO24-和Mg2+的含量在绿洲中部分布较高;而CO23-的含量在绿洲北部有较高水平的分布;从绿洲整体分布情况来看,盐渍化土壤主要呈大面积区域性分布于绿洲的外围和扇缘地带。  相似文献   
144.
干旱河谷地区退耕还林调查与生态还林分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
退耕还林工作全面展开已经有4~5年,其执行效果如何?如何及时总结退耕还林中存在的问题和经验进行更好的退耕还林决策呢?利用遥感和地理信息系统技术结合采访调查,及时的、客观反映了退耕还林的执行情况。本文以长江上游生态脆弱区——川藏边缘的横断山区X县为例,应用“3S”技术对退耕还林的成果进行了监测,得出:由于种种原因,该地区退耕还林中可能上报的退耕面积不实,超出实际退耕面积;耕地中很大比例的坡度小于25o的耕地纳入到退耕地中。研究也分析了退耕还林对当地社会、经济等影响,调查和有关研究证实,大面积退耕还林使该地区财政收入大比例较少,农民对国家的补贴依赖性强,一旦停止钱粮补助,农民将失去生活来源,很可能导致毁林复耕。多数农户强烈表达了希望延长粮食补助的愿望,本研究认为经济补偿机制的关键应该放在如何调动农民调整产业结构和发展后续产业的积极性上,否则再长时间的连续补偿也无济于事。对已经大面积退耕的区域,加紧发展后续产业和产业结构调整势在必行,对正在计划退耕的地区,应该将退耕还林作为一个系统工程考虑,退耕还林应该是一个长期的、逐步实施的过程,必须综合各种原则和因素、分清楚轻重缓急,一步步实施,相应的经济补偿机制也需要调整。  相似文献   
145.
Abstract  Fish assemblage indicators developed throughout the world were reviewed and key differences in methodologies depending on ecoregions, basins and contrasting fish fauna summarised. Common elements of existing Indices of Integrity were identified to support the development of a European-wide fish index. These include, using reference condition, accounting for natural fish assemblage variability, evaluating metric precision and selecting the most sensitive and complementary metrics. For future developments, it was recommended to pay more attention to temporal variability in fish assemblages, age structure of key (sentinel) species and fish migration. Testing hypotheses at different steps of the process seems to be the appropriate way to design fish indices.  相似文献   
146.
河岸带植被重建的生态修复技术及应用   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
以上海市崇明生态岛的杜鹃河坡岸示范工程为例,探讨了以生态修复和稳定坡岸为目标的植物护岸技术在城镇生态型河道坡岸修复中的应用.在不同河段分别采用了全系列生态护岸、土壤生物工程护岸和复合式生物稳定等3类植物护岸技术;对比了工程实施后河道坡岸10个月来的坡岸土壤剪切力、生境条件和生物多样性变化.研究和示范工程表明,在生态型河道中采用植物护岸技术可以稳定坡岸、改善坡岸的栖息地质量、修复河道的生态环境.生态型河道的植物护岸技术可以在我国各类岸坡的生态修复和边坡稳定中广泛运用.  相似文献   
147.
  总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
In order to assess the effects of chemical properties of soil salinity on electrical conductivity of 1:5 soil/water extract (EC1:5), the study focused on revealing the main chemical factors contributing to EC of soil extracts and their relative importance. The relationship between EC1:5 and the chemical properties of soil salinity in the delta oasis of Weigan and Kuqa rivers, China, were studied using path coefficient analysis, a path analysis method. We studied each key element affecting EC1:5 either directly or indirectly. The results obtained show that the salt content, total dissolved solids (TDS), and the sum of the sodium ion concentration and the kalium ion concentration are the most influential factors on 1:5 soil/ water extract (EC1:5) in the 0-10 cm and the 30-50 cm soil layer. The results show that the sequence of direct path coefficients in the 0-10 cm and the 30-50 cm soil layers on soil conductivity is TDS→Na^+ + K^+→Salt content→Ca^2+→Cl-→the sodium dianion ratio (SDR)→pH→ SO4^2-→HCO3^-→Mg^2+→the soluble sodium percentage (SSP) sodium absorption ratio (SAR) and TDS→Salt content→Na^+ + K^+→Ca^2+→SDR→Mg^2+→HCO3^-→SSP→pH→SO4^2-→SAR→Cl^-. The salt content, chlorine ion, and SAR are the main factors affecting 1:5 soil/water extract (EC1:5) in the 10-30 centimeter soil layer. The order of direct path coefficients result is as follows: Salt content→Cl^-→SAR→SSP→TDS→Ca^2+→Mg^2+= SO4^2-→HCO3^-→pH→SDR→Na^- + K^+. Moreover, the effects of HCO3^-, pH were very weak. Though the direct path coefficients between EC1:5 and SAR, SO4^2- and Ca^2+ were not high, influence of other chemical factors caused the coefficients to increase, making the summation of their direct and indirect path coefficients relatively high. The models of the different soil layers were structured separately. Evidences showed that multiple regression relations between EC1:5 and most of the primary factors had sound reliability and very good accuracy. The research results can serve as a reference to the scientific management amelioration and utilization of saline in the Delta Oasis of Weigan and Kuqa rivers.  相似文献   
148.
  总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
  • 1. The assessment of links between ecology and physical habitat has become a major issue in river research and management. Key drivers include concerns about the conservation implications of human modifications (e.g. abstraction, climate change) and the explicit need to understand the ecological importance of hydromorphology as prescribed by the EU's Water Framework Directive. Efforts are focusing on the need to develop ‘eco‐hydromorphology’ at the interface between ecology, hydrology and fluvial geomorphology. Here, the scope of this emerging field is defined, some research and development issues are suggested, and a path for development is sketched out.
  • 2. In the short term, major research priorities are to use existing literature or data better to identify patterns among organisms, ecological functions and river hydromorphological character. Another early priority is to identify model systems or organisms to act as research foci. In the medium term, the investigation of pattern–processes linkages, spatial structuring, scaling relationships and system dynamics will advance mechanistic understanding. The effects of climate change, abstraction and river regulation, eco‐hydromorphic resistance/resilience, and responses to environmental disturbances are likely to be management priorities. Large‐scale catchment projects, in both rural and urban locations, should be promoted to concentrate collaborative efforts, to attract financial support and to raise the profile of eco‐hydromorphology.
  • 3. Eco‐hydromorphological expertise is currently fragmented across the main contributory disciplines (ecology, hydrology, geomorphology, flood risk management, civil engineering), potentially restricting research and development. This is paradoxical given the shared vision across these fields for effective river management based on good science with social impact. A range of approaches is advocated to build sufficient, integrated capacity that will deliver science of real management value over the coming decades.
Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   
149.
北京市潮白河上游生态护岸设计   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
通过调查北京地区潮白河上游河流河岸断面和岸坡形态,将河岸断面分类为V型、U型、漫滩型,根据岸坡坡度、岸坡高度,分析得出北京市适宜的可采取生态护岸措施的岸坡,并提出相应的生态护岸措施,同时进行柳桩护岸、石笼护岸及堆石护岸3种生态护岸的实例设计,为北京市山区河岸生态修复和生态治理提供参考.  相似文献   
150.
以三江源区不同建植年限黑土滩人工草地(1、3、7、12、17、21和24龄)及其周边黑土滩(CK)为对象,从植被群落结构、生物量、物种多样性角度,探究三江源区黑土滩人工草地植被变化特征及适宜利用年限,为黑土滩人工草地的合理利用提供理论依据。结果表明:随建植年限增加,人工草地草层的高度和盖度及地上生物量均呈增加趋势,且人工草地比CK高;人工草地的禾本科高度、盖度、地上生物量、地下生物量均高于莎草科、豆科和杂类草,CK样地杂类草高于其他经济类群;各建植年限人工草地优势种和伴生种分别为垂穗披碱草(Elymus nutans)和青海冷地早熟禾(Poa crymophila),且其重要值均随建植年限增加呈逐渐增加趋势;各经济类群物种多样性指数均呈波动式增加趋势,建植3 a人工草地的植物香农维纳指数和均匀度指数最低,分别为0.66、0.48,建植21 a时最高;在植物NMDS分析表明,建植24 a、建植21 a和建植12 a的人工草地与CK样地无重合部分,其植被群落差异度很大。研究得知:建植21 a的黑土滩人工草地群落多样性指数显著高于其他建植年限的人工草地,与黑土滩退化草地相似度最小,群落组成相...  相似文献   
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号