梅迪-维斯纳病毒研究进展

梅迪-维斯纳病毒又称绵羊进行性肺炎病毒,是绵羊进行性肺炎的病原,属于逆转录病毒科、慢病毒属.其致病过程与人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)相似,因此可以作为HIV感染的动物的研究模型.论文综述了梅迪一维斯纳病毒的病原学,阐述了致病机理、免疫逃避机理及引起宿主的免疫反应,并对未来的防控研究工作进行展望.     

稳定表达乙型脑炎病毒NS1蛋白细胞系的建立

为建立稳定表达乙型脑炎病毒(JEV) NS1蛋白的真核细胞系,本研究将编码JEV NS1蛋白的人工合成基因克隆到真核表达载体pCAGG-TK-neo中,构建了重组质粒pCAGG-opti-NS1.重组质粒经脂质体转染RK-13细胞,以含G418的选择性培养基选择培养,经细胞克隆纯化,以间接免疫荧光试验(IEA)筛选表达目的基因的细胞.结果表明,转染的RK-13细胞经G418加压及IFA筛选后,获得表达JEV NS1蛋白的阳性RK-13细胞系.经RT-PCR、western blot和IFA鉴定,该细胞系在传代至第15代后仍然可以稳定表达NS1蛋白.本实验获得了能够稳定表达JEV NS1蛋白的细胞系,为进一步开展JEV相关的研究奠定了基础.     

H5N1亚型禽流感病毒低剂量感染小鼠发病模型的建立

为模拟哺乳动物感染H5亚型高致病性禽流感病毒(HPAIV)的发病进程,本研究采用对哺乳动物高度致病的H5N1亚型HPAIV株A/bar-headed goose/Qinghai/3/05 (BHG/3/05),以低剂量鼻腔接种小鼠,观察发病、存活、病毒复制及组织病理损伤情况.结果显示,100.4 EID50即能够100％感染小鼠,但发病表现缓慢,死亡延迟至8d以后,存活达60％;体内病毒复制可持续10 d以上,感染后前3d病毒的增殖限于呼吸道,随后扩散至脑、脾、肾等其他器官;组织病理学观察肺脏早期表现出渗出性炎症,第10d发展为典型的间质性肺炎.本研究结果为探讨人禽流感的病理发生机制提供了具有价值的模型.     

猪流行性腹泻病毒M蛋白单克隆抗体的制备及鉴定

为制备猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)抗M蛋白单克隆抗体(MAb),本研究以截短表达的His-M重组蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠;以截短表达的GST-M重组蛋白作为包被抗原,采用常规的淋巴细胞杂交瘤技术制备杂交瘤细胞,通过间接ELISA进行筛选,得到一株稳定分泌抗M蛋白MAb.MAb亚类鉴定为IgG2b型,轻链为к链,杂交瘤细胞培养上清和诱导的小鼠腹水抗体效价分别为1:3000和1:2×105.Western blot试验表明该MAb能够识别重组及天然的PEDV M蛋白.间接免疫荧光试验表明该MAb能够与PEDV感染的Vero E6细胞产生特异性免疫荧光.     

Respiratory function and pulmonary lesions in pigs infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus

Pulmonary dysfunction was evaluated in pigs infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV, isolate VR-2332) and compared to clinical and pathological findings. Infected pigs developed fever, reduced appetite, respiratory distress and dullness at 9 days post-inoculation (dpi). Non-invasive pulmonary function tests using impulse oscillometry and rebreathing of test gases (He, CO) revealed peripheral airway obstruction, reduced lung compliance and reduced lung CO-transfer factor. PRRSV-induced pulmonary dysfunction was most marked at 9–18 dpi and was accompanied by a significantly increased respiratory rate and decreased tidal volume. Expiration was affected more than inspiration. On histopathological examination, multifocal areas of interstitial pneumonia (more severe and extensive at 10 dpi than 21 dpi) were identified as a possible structural basis for reduced lung compliance and gas exchange disturbances.     

Confirmed Exposure to Tick‐Borne Encephalitis Virus and Probable Human Cases of Tick‐Borne Encephalitis in Central/Northern Anatolia,Turkey

Tick‐borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is the aetiological agent of tick‐borne encephalitis (TBE), a potentially fatal central nervous system infection of humans. TBE is endemic in many areas of Europe and Asia; however, very scarce data on TBEV activity are available from Turkey. We aimed to identify TBEV exposure in healthy blood donors and the impact of TBEV in central nervous system infections in Central/Northern Anatolia. Two‐thousand four hundred and fifty four sera, collected from blood donors at Ankara, Konya, Eski?ehir and Zonguldak branches of the Turkish Red Crescent Middle Anatolia Regional Blood Center, were analysed for TBEV serosurveillance. Paired serum and cerebrospinal fluid samples from 108 patients with the diagnosis of aseptic meningitis/encephalitis of unknown aetiology were also evaluated to identify TBE and neuroborreliosis cases. Commercial enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays and indirect immunofluorescence tests were employed for antibody detection. Forty‐seven donor samples (1.9%) were reactive for TBEV IgG. In 25 persons with IgG reactivity (53.1%), risk factors for tick‐borne infections were revealed. One sample from Zonguldak province (1/198; 0.5%) in the Black Sea region of Turkey was confirmed to possess neutralizing antibodies via plaque reduction neutralization test. TBEV IgM was detected in 9.2% (8/108) of the patients. IgM was accompanied by IgG reactivity in two persons where, in one, recent history of a tick bite was also identified. Intrathecal antibody production for TBEV could not be demonstrated. No evidence for Borrelia infections could be found. Confirmed exposure to TBEV and/or an antigenically similar tick‐borne flavivirus is documented for the first time in blood donors in Zonguldak in Northern Anatolia. Probable cases of TBE have also been identified from Central Anatolia. The epidemiology of TBEV activity in Turkey needs to be assessed and benefits of vaccination for general population, risk groups or travellers must be considered.     

一种植物病毒检测新方法—纳米上转换荧光技术

随着大豆进口量的日益增加,大豆携带病毒传入我国的风险在不断增大,高效、快速地进行植物病毒检测,防止外来有害生物入侵,是目前各口岸植物检疫工作的重点。本文介绍了一种植物病毒检测的新方法—纳米上转换荧光技术。该技术是一种利用磁性纳米颗粒(magnetic nanoparticles, MNP)进行病毒分离、富集和定位;同时引入上转换荧光(up converting phosphor, UCP)材料作为标记物的免疫检测方法,具有高度的抗干扰性、多元性、稳定性和安全性等特点。     

利用内标为基础的RT-PCR技术检测草莓皱缩病毒(SCV)和草莓镶脉病毒(SVBV)

[目的]通过对反应条件和参数的摸索与优化,建立多重RT-PCR检测方法,实现2种病毒的同时高效快速检测。[方法]通过CTAB法与试剂盒提取RNA,以优质的总RNA为模板,进行梯度PCR,结合扩增内标的检测体系,建立多重RT-PCR检测方法。[结果]建立了优化的SCV和SVBV的多重RT-PCR检测体系,可以对草莓田间植株进行快速稳定的病毒检测。[结论]该研究为草莓病毒检测提供一种方便、高效的分子生物学方法,为草莓无病毒苗的实际生产提供技术支撑。     

辣椒轻斑驳病毒的分子杂交检测

为探索辣椒轻斑驳病毒(pepper mild mottle virus,PMMo V)的分子杂交技术检测方法,以感病辣椒叶片为试材,用改良CTAB法从辣椒叶片中提取总核酸,运用RT–PCR技术扩增出PMMo V特异片段。以带有PMMo V特异片段的质粒DNA为模板,以用PCR技术制备的地高辛标记PMMo V c DNA探针检测PMMo V。结果表明:1)干燥叶片、新鲜叶片中提取的总核酸稀释80、640倍(相当于12.5、1.60μg叶片)后仍可检测到其中的PMMo V;干燥叶片利于保存及长距离转运,利于对大批量样品进行集中检测;2)采用快速提取法提取叶片总核酸,可从稀释80倍(约12.5μg叶片)的总核酸样品中检测到PMMo V。该技术体系可基本满足常规检测试验的需要。