传染性支气管炎病毒疫苗研究进展

传染性支气管炎给我国规模化养鸡业造成巨大的经济损失,由此尝试研制重组鸡痘病毒传染性支气管炎病毒基因工程疫苗了解其免疫效应,以期获得高效而安全的基因工程疫苗。为更好地了解鸡传染性支气管炎的防治现状,文章从各种表达载体系统表达传染性支气管炎病毒蛋白的优缺点及其产生免疫保护效应的角度,对近年来传染性支气管炎病毒疫苗研究的发展状况做了简要概述,且针对传染性支气管炎病毒基因工程疫苗现存的问题,展望了将来的发展趋势。     

传染性法氏囊病病毒的分离与鉴定

从中国广东省发生传染性法氏囊病的鸡场分离了8株传染性囊病病毒(Infectious bursal disease virus,IBDV)毒株,运用RT-PCR对分离毒株进行了鉴定,测定了8个分离株的ELD50以及其对SPF鸡的致死率。结果表明:这8株分离毒对SPF鸡的致死率均等于或超过60%,属于超强毒。运用RT-PCR方法对分离毒株进行了鉴定并对各毒株VP2基因高变区进行扩增测序,分析结果表明:这8株分离株均为IBDV超强毒株,同时也说明当前在广东省引起鸡传染性法氏囊病的主要毒株类型多为超强毒IBDV。     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒X-28弱毒株的致病性试验

在Vero细胞上适应且连续传17代的传染性法氏囊病病毒X毒株IBDVX,再经鸡胚成纤维细胞CEF连续传代后,得到了适应CEF细胞生长且毒力相对稳定的的弱毒株(IBDVX-28)。IBDVX-28~IBDVX-43代毒均能在72h~96h内产生明显的细胞病变效应(CPE),半数细胞感染量(TCID50)在10-8.47/0.1mL~10-9.26/0.1mL之间,半数鸡胚感染量(EID50)在10-4.71/0.2mL~10-5.80/0.2mL之间。致病性试验表明,各代次毒能引起10日龄鸡胚40%~50%的感染或死亡,对30日龄SPF小鸡基本无致病性,所有试验鸡均未见法氏囊明显的眼观病变,囊指数(b/B)平均为0.35±0.040;IBDVX-28代毒在雏鸡体内回归6代,均未见法氏囊明显的眼观病变,囊指数保持稳定。     

The Perceived Value of Passive Animal Health Surveillance: The Case of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza in Vietnam

Economic evaluations are critical for the assessment of the efficiency and sustainability of animal health surveillance systems and the improvement of their efficiency. Methods identifying and quantifying costs and benefits incurred by public and private actors of passive surveillance systems (i.e. actors of veterinary authorities and private actors who may report clinical signs) are needed. This study presents the evaluation of perceived costs and benefits of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) passive surveillance in Vietnam. Surveys based on participatory epidemiology methods were conducted in three provinces in Vietnam to collect data on costs and benefits resulting from the reporting of HPAI suspicions to veterinary authorities. A quantitative tool based on stated preference methods and participatory techniques was developed and applied to assess the non‐monetary costs and benefits. The study showed that poultry farmers are facing several options regarding the management of HPAI suspicions, besides reporting the following: treatment, sale or destruction of animals. The option of reporting was associated with uncertain outcome and transaction costs. Besides, actors anticipated the release of health information to cause a drop of markets prices. This cost was relevant at all levels, including farmers, veterinary authorities and private actors of the upstream sector (feed, chicks and medicine supply). One benefit associated with passive surveillance was the intervention of public services to clean farms and the environment to limit the disease spread. Private actors of the poultry sector valued information on HPAI suspicions (perceived as a non‐monetary benefit) which was mainly obtained from other private actors and media.     

鸡传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)干扰新城疫病毒(NDV)增殖现象的研究

ＩＢＶ毒株Ｈ１２０、Ｈ５２、ＭＡ５对ＮＤＶ－ＬａＳｏｔａ的干扰实验证明ＩＢＶ特异性干扰ＮＤＶ增殖。１）采取不同顺序的同胚接种法：ＩＢＶ接种之后再接种ＮＤＶ;或ＮＤＶ接种之后再接种ＩＢＶ,及ＩＢＶ,ＮＤＶ同时接种,ＩＢＶ均干扰ＮＤＶ的增殖。２）ＮＤＶ接种３６小时之内,干扰现象最为明显,Ｈ１２０,Ｈ５２的干扰能力稍强于ＭＡ５。３）ＮＤＶ血清中和实验结果显示,不同顺序同胚接种ＮＤＶ、ＩＢＶ时,ＮＤＶ－ＬａＳｏｔａ不影响ＩＢＶ的增殖能力。同胚增殖ＩＢＶ,ＮＤＶ的关键是控制ＮＤＶ、ＩＢＶ的接毒量及选择合适的收毒时间。     

传染性法氏囊病及其病原分子生物学研究进展

传染性法氏囊病(Infectious bursal disease,IBD)是由传染性法氏囊病病毒(Infectious bursal disease virus,IBDV)引起的一种急性、高度接触性传染病.20世纪80年代中期以后,由于抗原变异和超强毒株在免疫鸡群的出现,使IBD的防控面临新的困难.文章简要概述近几年来,IBD在病原及分子生物学特性、抗原性、致病性、毒力与抗原的变异、疾病诊断和防制策略等方面的研究进展.     

凡纳滨对虾病毒性疾病概述及其防治措施

凡纳滨对虾早期因其具有生长快、病害少、经济效益高等优点，在全球大部分国家均有养殖，并且成为世界上养殖量最高、产量最高的对虾。随着凡纳滨对虾集约化养殖程度的不断提高，养殖过程中所发生的病害也日趋增多和日益严重，其中尤其是以病毒性疾病所造成的损失最为严重，也最难以治理。每年对虾养殖业因疾病而造成的损失中有60%是由病毒性疾病所引起的，故而本文选取了凡纳滨对虾养殖过程中三种常见且危害较大的病毒，对其基本情况进行了简要的概述，为对虾养殖从业者提供一个科学的认识，并提出了相应的防控措施。