The role of Acinetobacter baumannii as a nosocomial pathogen for dogs and cats in an intensive care unit

Acinetobacter baumannii is a nosocomial pathogen associated with high morbidity and mortality in humans. Whereas infections with strains of Acinetobacter species have been reported in various situations, the importance of A baumannii as a nosocomial pathogen in veterinary hospitals has not been studied so far. In this retrospective case series, we describe 17 dogs and 2 cats from which A baumannii had been isolated during a 21/2-year period. In 7 dogs, A baumannii induced systemic signs of illness, whereas 12 animals showed signs of local infection. In all animals with systemic infection, and in 2 with localized infection, A baumannii contributed to the death of the animal or contributed to euthanasia; the remaining 8 dogs and both cats recovered. Molecular typing of the isolates with restriction polymorphisms of ribosomal DNA provided evidence of nosocomial spread of this pathogen and for the presence of several strains of A baumannii in the hospital environment.     

Analysis and prediction of the BSE incidence in Ireland

Our purpose was to report the statistical methodology that was used to describe the nature of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) propagation in the Irish cattle population, to predict the number of future cases and to assess the risk to humans in terms of the number of infected animals that were processed. We used a nonlinear Poisson-regression model for the available birth-cohort data and an iterative method to compute the parameter estimates. Standard errors for the estimates were computed from the nonlinear model and these were validated using a bootstrap procedure.

We illustrated the use of the model for prediction and risk assessment using the BSE incidence data between 1981 and 2000. The change in case ascertainment or reporting level was a crucial parameter that determined the observed pattern of clinical BSE. Significant propagation risk was detected from 1985 onwards, with peaks in 1986 and 1994. The trough in the propagation risk in 1990 coincided with a ban of the use of meat-and-bone meal for ruminant feed. Excluding the newly adopted active surveillance method in 2001, the predicted and observed data were comparable.     

鸡传染性支气管炎ELISA抗体检测试剂盒的研究

利用鸡传染性支气管炎M41株病毒研制了检测鸡传染性支气管炎抗体的ELISA试剂盒。抗原最佳包被浓度为0．973ug／ml，被检血清最佳稀释度为1：200，酶标结合物最适工作浓度1：1200，血清样品阴阳性临界值为0．184。本试剂盒和Aflfinitech的IB试剂盒同时检测56份血清样品，比较结果表明本试剂盒的特异性和敏感性分别为100％和88％。试剂盒保存期试验结果表明，试剂盒可保存6个月。     

The role of epidemiology in the prevention, diagnosis, and control of infectious diseases of fish

Epidemiologic methods are essential to understanding infectious diseases in aquaculture. Unfortunately, many of these methods are poorly understood or not utilized by fish-health scientists and aquaculturists — often because of the lack of contact with epidemiologists who are willing to investigate fish diseases. In this paper, we describe direct interactions between epidemiologists and fish-health specialists that have resulted in an improved understanding of the causes and management of infectious diseases in aquaculture. We focus on risk-factor studies, risk analysis and infectious-disease modeling, evaluation of diagnostic tests and experimental studies. We also describe characteristics of confined fish populations that make them ideal for developing and testing epidemiologic models and the theoretical and practical challenges of designing and conducting epidemiologic studies in fish farms. Throughout our presentation, emphasis is given to characteristics, opportunities and problems associated mainly with conducting epidemiologic studies to intensive aquaculture systems. We conclude that the development of increased cooperation among epidemiologists, fish-health scientists and aquaculturists will be mutually beneficial and, therefore, efforts for such collaboration should be initiated from all parties involved.     

两个中等毒力IBDV疫苗免疫鸡对超强毒攻毒的保护试验

应用 SPF鸡分别比较研究了两个国内厂家生产的中等毒力 IBDV疫苗接种后对法氏囊和胸腺的影响和对超强毒 GX-8/99攻毒后的免疫保护力。结果表明 ,用于试验的两个中等毒力疫苗虽然在 SPF鸡可引起法氏囊和胸腺不同程度的萎缩 ,但确实能够 1 0 0 %保护已经免疫的SPF鸡免于超强毒 IBDV人工感染造成的死亡 ,而且 ,还能减缓和预防超强毒感染合并诱发的法氏囊的炎症、出血和变性。从而说明 ,在不受母源抗体干扰条件下 ,中等毒力的 IBDV疫苗能诱发对超强毒 IBDV中国株 GX-8/99攻毒的有效免疫保护力。     

鸡传染性支气管炎病理形态学及发病机理的研究

１５０只１８日龄雏鸡随机分为两组，试验组９０只接种传染性支气管炎病毒（ＩＢＶ－Ｍ４１）后３５天内分３０批依次于不同时间扑杀，作组织病理学、超微结构及病毒抗原位检查，对照组６０只作相同的检查。结果表明，ＩＢＶ攻击的靶器官是气管，气管的病变表现为粘膜上皮细胞的损伤和脱、残留的在皮细胞增殖形成复层上皮、粘膜固有层及粘膜下层大量淋巴细胞浸润及粘膜逐渐恢复的相互连续的病理过程。肺脏初级、次级支气管也有类似的     

Feline infectious peritonitis: Present knowledge

The purpose of this paper is to take stock of the knowledge gained over the last few years on Feline Infectious Peritonitis in a synthetic way.Apart from the bibliographical study regarding the works of numerous authors, we state our results concerning the study of the experimental reproduction of the disease.From all the cat infectious diseases, Feline Infectious Peritonitis is the clinical entity the most recently evidenced. In this paper we shall state the elements now clearly established on this disease but numerous points are still to be made clear. Contagious disease of viral origin, it affects domestic and wild Felidae. Clinically, in its most typical form, it is characterised by the progressive development of an exudative sero-fibrinous peritonitis and a febrile and gradual weakness of the general condition. It slowly and regularly develops into death.     

鸭传染性浆膜炎铝胶疫苗研究

将鸭疫里氏杆菌通过改良酵母肉汤培养，得菌数在500－2000亿／ml的菌液：甲醛灭活，与氢氧化铝液（含量1.4%)2:1混合搅匀，制成铝胶疫苗，经无菌检验，安全检验合格，免疫5日龄雏鸭，分别于7d,10d,20d后攻毒（攻毒剂量：0.25ml），攻毒保护率为50％，50％，75％，5日龄，12日龄两次免疫，10日后攻毒保护率为10％。     

DUSP6通过负向调控ERK1/2通路抑制IBV的增值

为了阐明ERK(extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases)1/2通路在传染性支气管炎病毒(Infectious bronchitis virus,IBV)复制过程中的作用以及双特异性磷酸酶6(dual specificity phosphatase 6,DUSP6)对ERK的反馈性负向调控在IBV复制过程中的作用。本研究通过Western blot、Northern blot检测发现:IBV感染Vero和H1299细胞可导致ERK1/2的磷酸化水平和DUSP6表达均上调;利用MEK1/2特异性抑制剂U0126处理病毒感染的细胞后,可明显下调ERK1/2的磷酸化,同时抑制病毒的增殖;利用DUSP6的特异性抑制剂BCI抑制DUSP6的活性或者用siRNA阻断DUSP6的表达后,再感染IBV,发现ERK1/2的磷酸化水平增高,病毒蛋白的表达上调。综上,推测IBV感染细胞激活ERK1/2信号通路,有助于病毒的复制,同时,细胞通过诱导表达DUSP6,负向调控ERK1/2的磷酸化水平,抑制病毒增殖。     

蓬莪术乙醇提取物的抗IBV作用研究

为研究蓬莪术乙醇提取物对禽传染性支气管炎病毒(Infectious bronchitis virus,IBV)的体外抑制作用以及对抗病毒基因表达量的影响。本研究利用3种不同的加药方式处理H1299细胞,收集细胞进行荧光素酶的测定,同时利用实时定量RT-PCR方法进行IBV-N、IFN-γ和STAT1细胞因子表达量的定量。荧光素酶测定实验结果表明,在3种处理方式中,病毒加药组的荧光值均小于病毒对照组荧光值;RT- qPCR实验结果显示,STAT1在病毒加药组中的表达量低于病毒对照组。证实蓬莪术乙醇提取物抑制IBV在H1299中的复制并影响STAT1的表达量。