Cohort‐specific variation in juvenile coho salmon habitat use

In this study, we examined summer and fall freshwater rearing habitat use by juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in the quickly urbanising Big Lake drainage in south‐central Alaska. Habitat use was assessed by regressing fish count data against habitat survey information across thirty study sites using generalised linear mixed models. Habitat associations were examined by age‐0 and age‐1+ cohorts separately, providing an opportunity to compare habitat use across different juvenile coho salmon life stages during freshwater rearing. Regression results indicated that the age‐0 cohorts were strongly associated with shallow, wide stream reaches with in‐stream vegetation, whereas age‐1+ cohorts were associated with deeper stream reaches. Furthermore, associations between fork length and habitat characteristics suggest cohort‐specific habitat use patterns are distinct from those attributable to fish size. Habitat use information generated from this study is being used to guide optimal fish passage restoration planning in the Big Lake drainage. Evidence for habitat use partitioning by age cohort during freshwater juvenile rearing indicates that pooling age cohorts into a single “juvenile” stage for the purposes of watershed management may mask important habitat use dynamics.     

三种草坪草净光合速率和蒸腾速率的日变化特点研究

研究了在晴天的条件下，假俭草、细叶结缕草和地毯草净光合速率和蒸腾整编的日变化特点。结果表明：（1）假俭草和细叶绍缕草的净光合速率的日变化曲线均为双峰型，而地毯草为三峰型，3种草出现峰值的时间不同，均有明显的“午睡”现象，日平均净光全速率的大小顺序为俭草＞地毯草＞细叶结缕草；（2）假俭草和细叶结缕草的蒸腾速率的日变化曲线均为双峰型,而地毯草为单峰型，3种草出现峰值的时间有所判差别，“午睡”现象均不明显，日平均蒸腾速率的大小顺序为细叶绍缕草＞地毯草＞假俭草；（3）不同生态因子与3种草坪草净光合速率、蒸腾速率的相关程度均不相等。同种态因子与不同草坪草的净光合速率、蒸腾速率的相关程度也不一样。     

节能日光温室光照强度的分布及其变化

在充分考虑了温室结构和植株生长影响的基础上,对日光温室光照强度的变化规律进行了研究,得到的主要结论如下:冠层上部辐射强度的南北差异比东西差异大;冠层下部光照条件东西差异明显,南北差异不大。总体上讲,辐射强度上下差异比南北差异明显。     

Genetic variability within Phaeoisariopsis griseola from Central America and its implications for resistance breeding of common bean

The genetic and virulence variability of 112 isolates of Phaeoisariopsis griseola , collected from various locations in Central America, were studied using seven random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers and 12 common-bean differential genotypes. Broad molecular diversity ( H  = 0·92) among isolates was found using RAPD markers. Fifty pathotypes were identified on 12 differential bean genotypes, 29 of which were represented by only one isolate. Only 18 pathotypes were found in two or more countries. Pathotype 63-63 was the most virulent and caused leaf spots on all 12 common-bean differential genotypes. Comparison of virulence phenotypes and RAPD profiles to known Andean P. griseola isolates confirmed that all isolates belonged to the Mesoamerican group. Pairwise comparison between individual RAPD loci showed that the majority were in gametic phase linkage disequilibrium, revealing that P. griseola maintains a genetic structure that is consistent with asexual reproduction. The molecular and virulence diversities of P. griseola isolates from Central America imply that using single resistance genes to manage angular leaf spot is inadequate and stacking resistance genes may be necessary to manage the disease effectively.     

β- 氨基丁酸诱导甜( 辣) 椒抗疫病作用的研究

 报道了用β- 氨基丁酸( DL-β-aminon-butyric acid, BABA) 喷雾处理辣椒叶片和茎后的诱导抗疫病作用。研究证明: 高浓度BABA ( 1 000 g/mL) 对离体辣椒疫霉病菌无抗菌活性, 用其喷雾处理辣椒的茎叶所诱导的抗疫病作用可完全控制其危害; 用BABA 诱导处理后3 d 接种辣椒疫霉病菌, 辣椒植株开始表达出较高的诱导抗性, 这种抗病作用可持续20 d 以上, 并表现出与数量抗病性相似的特性。     

Variation of Parthenium hysterophorus in response to soil quality: implications for invasiveness

Summary The performance of Parthenium hysterophorus , native to the tropical Americas and invasive to several countries, was evaluated for response to soil quality. Phenological (six stages) and quantitative growth variables [relative growth rates in height (R_h) and diameter (R_d)] were measured every fortnight. Based on harvest data, the variables, root:shoot (R:S) ratio, specific leaf area (SLA), relative growth rate in biomass (R_w), net assimilation rate (NAR) and dry matter allocation to plant components, were determined. High clay content in soils prolonged the rosette stage, enhanced R_h and R_d and hampered root growth, but promoted biomass allocation to shoots. The extreme degree of plant mortality was observed, with only 33.3% individuals surviving to reproduce in the soils with highest clay contents. This appears to be one of the most important findings that certainly has a major bearing on the range of adaptation of the weed. Seed mass declined whereas seed production increased in relatively coarser soils with the exception of nearly pure sand. In soils rich in clay, plants produced a smaller number of larger seeds. These data suggest that variation in fundamental functional traits would enable P. hysterophorus to adjust to a variety of habitat conditions.     

RAPD分析山西主要地方山羊品种的遗传多态性

现代分子生物技术的飞速发展，为动物育种提供了新的方法和手段，在DNA水平上检测物种的遗传结构和遗传多样性，越来越受到人们的重视。以PCR为基础的DNA多态性检测技术以其检测灵敏度高、操作简便、安全、快捷、经济等优点，逐步广泛地应用于动植物研究中。山西境内现存3个山羊群体，分别为阳城白山羊、黎城大青羊和吕梁黑山羊，在长期自然选择的条件下，各具特征，生产性能和生存环境均有差异，是良好的种质资源。     

土壤养分数据几种特异值处理方法的比较

利用贵州省平坝县马场镇栗木村的13项土壤养分测试数据,对比分析了3σ准则、估计邻域法、影响系数法、邻近点数据比较法4种识别与处理特异值方法的优劣。结果表明:将3σ准则与邻近点数据比较法相结合,对土壤养分测试数据进行特异值处理获得了较好的效果,对提高地质统计学研究结果的精度有积极的作用。     

青岛文昌鱼自然保护区营养盐时空分布特征及富营养化评价

本研究分析了2017年9月(夏季)和11月(秋季)青岛市文昌鱼(Branchidermus fasciatus)水生野生动物市级自然保护区营养盐含量的季节变化和平面分布,并对该海域进行了富营养化评价。研究结果显示,2017年溶解无机氮(DIN)平均含量夏季高于秋季,NO_(2-)N、NH_(4-)N平均含量分别是秋季的1.98倍、1.44倍,而NO_(3-)N和PO_(4-)P平均含量低于秋季,分别是秋季的88.8%和47.6%。夏季DIN总体水平优于海水一类标准值,PO_(4-)P总体水平优于海水一类标准值;秋季DIN总体水平优于海水一类标准值,PO_(4-)P总体水平劣于海水一类标准值。从水平分布来看,夏季海水的DIN浓度分布趋势大致呈核心区实验区缓冲区的趋势;秋季海水的DIN浓度分布呈缓冲区实验区核心区。夏季N/P比值略高于Redfield比值,而秋季N/P比值较低于Redfield比值,DIN相对缺乏。根据潜在性富营养化评价模式,2017年保护区海域夏季和秋季营养水平较低,均属于贫营养水平。