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41.
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Dynamics of fishing gear allocation by fishers in small-scale coastal fisheries of Pelabuhanratu Bay, Indonesia 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
E. S. WIYONO S. YAMADA E. TANAKA T. ARIMOTO & T. KITAKADO 《Fisheries Management and Ecology》2006,13(3):185-195
Abstract Fishing gear usage in small-scale coastal fisheries of Pelabuhanratu Bay, Indonesia was explained by two approaches: temporal fishing gear allocation analysis and adaptive responses of fishers to external factors, especially climate and abundance of target species. Gear usage, with the exception of hand lines and seine nets, was more intensive during the dry season than the rainy season. The decision to use seine nets was governed by seasonal variability in the abundance of Auxis thazard , Lacepède, and Trichiurus spp. to the catch. Sustainable management of fishing activities in Pelabuhanratu Bay requires proportional reductions in the use of lift nets and fixed gillnets across the seasons rather than gear specific effort reductions. 相似文献
43.
The morphology, chemistry, and mineralogy of minerals newly formed in voids—products of weathering of andesitic rocks—were studied using optical and submicroscopic techniques on thin sections, combined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersion X-ray analysis (EDXRA), and X-ray diffraction analysis on subsamples.Samples were taken from the core, the outer core, and the soft outer layers of weathered andesitic boulders in the Cigudeg area, West Java, about 75 km south of Jakarta, Indonesia, with udic moisture and isohyperthermic temperature regime.The neoformed minerals observed in planar voids and cavities comprise 1:1 phyllosilicates, goethite, and gibbsite, and juxtaposed coatings of halloysite, mixed layer phyllosilicates, goethite, and gibbsite. The mineral sequences observed confirm former studies on the groundmass of the boulder: in the first weathering layer, an absolute accumulation of gibbsite takes place; further away from the core, the gibbsite is redissolved, and replaced by illuvial phyllosilicate clay. The possibility of inheritance of the 2:1 layer silicates from a hydrothermal alteration is discussed. The sharp boundaries in the juxtaposed coatings point to a stepwise, sequential—rather than a gradual—evolution of the microenvironment. 相似文献
44.
东南亚、南亚地区是世界上重要的稻米产区,稻米在民众饮食生活和国家社会政治中占有重要地位,民众生活中也保存了非常悠久和丰富的稻作文化习俗及稻谷起源神话传说。本文分析了水稻在东南亚、南亚主要国家印度、印度尼西亚、泰国、越南、菲律宾、孟加拉国、缅甸的作用、地位、生产、消费、文化等情况,并指出了印度、印度尼西亚稻文化的主要标志。 相似文献
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46.
《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(6):734-744
Abstract The transformation of added phosphorus (P) to soil and the effect of soil properties on P transformations were investigated for 15 acid upland soils with different physicochemical properties from Indonesia. Based on oxide-related factor scores (aluminum (Al) plus 1/2 iron (Fe) (by ammonium oxalate), crystalline Al and Fe oxides, cation exchange capacity, and clay content) obtained from previous principal component analyses, soils were divided into two groups, namely Group 1 for soils with positive factor scores and Group 2 for those with negative factor scores. The amounts of soil P in different fractions were determined by: (i) resin strip in bicarbonate form in 30 mL distilled water followed by extraction with 0.5 mol L?1 HCl (resin-P inorganic (Pi) that is readily available to plant), (ii) 0.5 mol L?1 NaHCO3 extracting Pi and P organic (Po) (P which is strongly related to P uptake by plants and microbes and bound to mineral surface or precipitated Ca-P and Mg forms), (iii) 0.1 mol L?1 NaOH extracting Pi and Po (P which is more strongly held by chemisorption to Fe and Al components of soil surface) and (iv) 1 mol L?1 HCl extracting Pi (Ca-P of low solubility). The transformation of added P (300 mg P kg?1) into other fractions was studied by the recovery of P fractions after 1, 7, 30, and 90 d incubation. After 90 d incubation, most of the added P was transformed into NaOH-Pi fraction for soils of Group 1, while for soils of Group 2, it was transformed into resin-Pi, NaHCO3-Pi and NaOH-Pi fractions in comparable amounts. The equilibrium of added P transformation was reached in 30 d incubation for soils of Group 1, while for soils of Group 2 it needed a longer time. Oxide-related factor scores were positively correlated with the rate constant (k) of P transformation and the recovery of NaOH-Pi. Additionally, not only the amount of but also the type (kaolinitic) of clay were positively correlated with the k value and P accumulation into NaOH-Pi. Soils developed from andesite and volcanic ash exhibited significantly higher NaOH-Pi than soils developed from granite, volcanic sediments and sedimentary rocks. Soil properties summarized as oxides-related factor, parent material, and clay mineralogy were concluded very important in assessing P transformation and P accumulation in acid upland soils in Indonesia. 相似文献
47.
C. Pet-Soede W.L.T. Van Densen J.G. Hiddink S. Kuyl & M.A.M. Machiels 《Fisheries Management and Ecology》2001,8(1):15-36
Spatial and temporal patterns in catch rates and in allocation of fishing effort were analysed for the coastal fishery in Spermonde Archipelago, Indonesia, to assess whether fishermen can optimise their strategy from catch information, or whether they fish under great uncertainty and merely minimise risks. On average 517 fishing units operated in the 2800 km2 area, catching 21 t fish day−1 . Major gear categories were hook and line (59% of total effort and 5% of total catch), and lift nets (16% of total effort and 70% of total catch). The size of individual resource spaces varied with gear type and was smaller in unfavourable weather conditions. Although spatial patterns in catch rates at the scale of the whole archipelago were evident, fishermen could not differentiate between locations, as catch variance within their individual resource spaces was high relative to the contrasts in spatial patterns. The aggregated distribution of fishing effort in Spermonde must be explained by factors such as the small scale of operations, rather than fish abundance. 相似文献
48.
《Plant Production Science》2013,16(5):601-607
AbstractWe have studied establishment of cultivation technique of sweet sorghum for monosodium glutamate (MSG) production on dry land in Indonesia, where the supply of raw materials has become restrictive recently. Previously, we confirmed the feasibility of cultivation in this area during the rainy season. Meanwhile, cultivation during the dry season is also important because vast expanses of heretofore unirrigated fields have remained unused. The stem, which comprises internodes, is the main product of sweet sorghum used as a raw material by fermentation industries. This study analyzes differences in growth and yielding ability between dry and rainy seasons by comparing internode characteristics. A sweet sorghum cultivar – Wray – was cultivated in the rainy season from 1995 and in the dry season of 1996 in Madura Island of East Java, Indonesia. Stems of sweet sorghum cultivated during the dry season were shorter and lighter, with two fewer elongated internodes than those of plants raised during the rainy season. They accumulated sugar slower and to a lower peak, but they were inferred to be harvestable for a relatively long period during 30–60 days after anthesis. Through research of internode characteristics, the difference in stem length was inferred to result from differences in internode numbers (25%) and in individual internode length (75%). The difference in weight seemed to result mainly from the fewer elongated internodes. Further experiments must explore the cultivation period (sowing and ratoon crop), varieties, and planting density to establish a sweet-sorghum cultivation technique that is suitable for the dry season. 相似文献
49.
G. M. G. Zilahi‐Balogh N. P. D. Angerilli J. H. Borden M. Meray D. Sembel 《国际虫害防治杂志》2013,59(4):201-204
Trap captures with two‐ and three‐component blends of synthetic sex pheromone for the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), were assessed in Indonesia. In West Java, the two‐component blend containing 10g of (Z)‐11‐hexadecen‐1‐ol acetate and (Z)‐11‐hexadecena| in a 4:6 ratio captured the greatest number of diamondback moths. Three and five virgin females were more attractive than the two‐component lures, which were as attractive as lures that also contained (Z)‐9‐tetradecen‐1‐ol acetate. In North Sulawesi, a 100 g dose of the two‐component blend attracted more males than the 10 g dose but was not significantly more potent than five virgin females. These results suggests that pheromone production and bioactivity should be assessed in separate populations prior to attempts to develop pheromone‐based monitoring or mating disruption programmes. 相似文献
50.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(1-2):273-282
Abstract Dissolution of phosphate rock (PR) materials and its subsequent phosphorus (P) availability to plants depend upon soil characteristics, PR characteristics, type of crops, and environmental conditions. Agronomic effectiveness of the PR sources has frequently been investigated in the field or in the greenhouse. This is time consuming and not cost‐effective. Therefore, identification of the soil characteristics influencing the dissolution of PR is very important for direct application of P sources. The principal component analysis was used to summarize the characteristics of acid soils in an incubation system into a number of factors that may affect PR dissolution. Three major factors were selected in this study: 1) soil texture, 2) soil acidity, and 3) fertilization. Using the scores of the individual factors as independent variables, a stepwise regression analysis was performed to derive a PR dissolution function. The coefficient of determination (R2) reached 0.91**, and the magnitude of the different factors affect PR dissolution following the order of soil texture (54%)>soil acidity (43%)>fertilizer (3%). Fertilizer was not significant as a PR dissolution factor. 相似文献