A型口蹄疫病毒VP1蛋白间接ELISA检测方法的建立

以原核表达经纯化复性制备的A型口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)VP1蛋白代替传统病毒抗原包被,建立快速、安全、有效的A型FMDV抗体ELISA检测方法。对前期制备的A型VP1蛋白进行Western-Blot检测,结果表明,VP1蛋白能够特异性识别A型FMDV阳性牛血清,可作为检测抗原建立检测A型FMDV抗体的方法。以最佳质量浓度1mg/L VP1蛋白为检测抗原,方阵滴定法确定最佳检测血清稀释度为1∶50[V(血清)∶V(封闭液)],最佳的酶标二抗稀释度为1∶2 000[V(酶标二抗)∶V(封闭液)],建立A型FMDV抗体ELISA检测方法。该方法的敏感性为94.32%,特异性为99.09%,批内与批间重复试验变异系数均小于8%。采用该方法检测201份临床血清,与液相阻断ELISA试剂盒的符合率达92.54%。研制的VP1-ELISA试剂盒特异、敏感、稳定、操作简便,可用来监控A型口蹄疫抗体水平。     

Electromechanical effects of acetylcholine on the atrial tissues of the cultured tilapia (Oreochromis nilotica × O. aureus)

The effects of acetylcholine (ACh) on the action potential and twitch force of atrial tissues isolated from 15 tilapia (Oreochromis nilotica × O. aureus) were studied by means of conventional microelectrode techniques. In isolated whole atrium or sinoatrial tissue, scattered pacemaker-like cells with spontaneous diastolic depolarization were found mainly near the sinoatrial junction but also occasionally throughout the atrial wall. However, most of the atrial cells recorded were myocardial fibers as judged by a stable diastolic potential and a markedly reduced action potential duration (APD) in response to low concentrations of ACh (0.1–1 M). The shortening in APD in atrial myocardial fibers was correlated with a significant fall in twitch force in the atrial preparations. ACh at high concentrations (10–300 M) decreased moderately the APD and the slope of diastolic depolarization of the pacemakers and prolonged the spontaneous cycle length but did not induce hyperpolarization. The negative chronotropic action of ACh was competitively inhibited by atropine, a muscarinic antagonist. The means (± SEM) negative logarithm of the dissociation constant (pK_b or pA₂ value) for atropine against the ACh action on muscarinic receptors were 9.10 (± 0.13) (n = 6), similar to those values obtained in mammalian atria. The present findings indicate that while the negative inotropic effects of ACh in tilapia atria are comparable to those observed in mammalian hearts, unique electrophysiological responses to ACh exist in different types of tilapia atrial cells.     

玉米赤霉烯酮的生殖毒性研究进展

玉米赤霉烯酮是一种特殊毒性的生物毒素,它的强雌激素样作用对动物机体的伤害很大,不仅引起动物流产、死胎、低产仔率等生殖机能异常,还可以导致繁殖功能下降、不育、畸形等.已有研究表明,ZEA对肝脏、肾脏、生殖系统和免疫系统产生明显的损伤,对细胞和遗传性也有毒性作用.目前,虽然国内外学者做了大量的研究,来揭示玉米赤霉烯酮损害机体生殖功能的机制,但关于它影响机体的生殖性能更详尽的机制还亟待进一步的研究.文章主要针对玉米赤霉烯酮的生殖毒性进行了综述,总结出ZEA对生殖系统的毒性机制,从而为临床预防及治疗繁殖疾病提供理论依据.     

Marine Low Molecular Weight Natural Products as Potential Cancer Preventive Compounds

Due to taxonomic positions and special living environments, marine organisms produce secondary metabolites that possess unique structures and biological activities. This review is devoted to recently isolated and/or earlier described marine compounds with potential or established cancer preventive activities, their biological sources, molecular mechanisms of their action, and their associations with human health and nutrition. The review covers literature published in 2003–2013 years and focuses on findings of the last 2 years.     

神农香菊化学成分及药理作用研究进展

介绍了神农香菊主要化学成分的研究成果,比较了花、茎、全草和叶等不同组织中主要活性成分的异同,并综述了其抑菌能力、抗氧化能力以及药用价值的最新研究进展。     

植物病原效应蛋白功能研究方法

植株病原会分泌一些与植物相互作用的效应蛋白,这些蛋白在病原菌与寄主植物互作过程中起着重要作用。结合几种细菌、真菌分泌的效应蛋白研究进展,介绍了用于病原菌效应蛋白研究的试验方法及其独特之处,包括图位克隆、异源表达分析等,提出研究一个单一效应蛋白需要多种分析方法。     

把握《纲要》特点 确保食物安全

国务院办公厅新发布的《中国食物与营养发展纲要(2014—2020年)》,是一个具有民本性、科学性、宏观性、创新性和食安性的纲领性文件。在新形势下,要全面把握新《纲要》的"五性"特点,确保中国食物安全,推动食物与营养健康发展。     

Indirect host effect on ectomycorrhizal fungi: Leaf fall and litter quality explain changes in fungal communities on the roots of co-occurring Mediterranean oaks

Host trees can modify their soil abiotic conditions through their leaf fall quality which in turn may influence the ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal community composition. We investigated this indirect interaction using a causal modelling approach. We identified ECM fungi on the roots of two coexisting oak species growing in two forests in southern Spain - Quercus suber (evergreen) and Quercus canariensis (winter deciduous)-using a PCR-based molecular method. We also analysed the leaf fall, litter and soil sampled beneath the tree canopies to determine the concentrations of key nutrients. The total mycorrhizal pool was comprised of 69 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Tomentella and Russula were the most species-rich, frequent and abundant genera. ECM fungi with epigeous and resupinate fruiting bodies were found in 60% and 34% of the identified mycorrhizas, respectively. The calcium content of litter, which was significantly higher beneath the winter-deciduous oak species due to differences in leaf fall quality, was the most important variable for explaining ECM species distribution. The evaluation of alternative causal models by the d-sep method revealed that only those considering indirect leaf fall-mediated host effects statistically matched the observed covariation patterns between host, environment (litter, topsoil, subsoil) and fungal community variables.     

枯草芽孢杆菌CN620菌株制剂对板栗烂果病的防治及病原的抑制作用初报

从板栗树体上分离得到枯草芽孢杆菌 [Bacillussubtilis(Ehrenberg)Cohn]CN62 0菌株。室内测定其菌株制剂对Glomerellasp .、Alternariaalternata、Trichotheciumroseum、Pestalotiasp .和Fusariumsp .5种板栗烂果病主要病原的抑制作用均为 1 0 0 % ,而CN62 0菌株 50倍培养液 ,对上述 5种病菌的抑制效果为 86.5%～ 96.6%。其抑菌机理主要是使病菌孢子和菌丝畸变 ,细胞壁溶解 ,原生质泄漏。 1 997年和 1 998年连续两年两点对板栗烂果病进行小区防治试验的防治效果分别为 87.7%和 87.6% ,明显高于化学农药处理的 30 .4 %和 31 .7%的效果     

基于师范类高校学生阅读行为调查的思考——以天津师大和上海师大为例

从调查上海师大与天津师大本科学生阅读动机出发,分析师范类高校学生阅读需求的价值取向以及阅读需求的特点,并探讨由此引发的师范类高校图书馆馆藏建设的困惑,即如何合理分配专业文献和文化素养类文献在馆藏结构中的比例。