沉水植物在水环境治理中的应用研究

淡水是人类生存不可或缺的珍贵资源,然而随着近年工业快速发展及人口大幅增加,水环境污染问题日益突出,进一步加剧了水资源短缺的矛盾。沉水植物因其各部分均可吸收养料且通气组织特别发达,常被用作水环境治理的先锋种,其具有去除氮磷、提高透明度、固定底泥、抑制蓝藻、微生物协同等重要作用。本文就沉水植物及其设计原则、作用原理展开阐述,并分析应用中存在的问题,展望未来研究方向,以期为沉水植物今后的应用与研究提供参考。     

基于SVM算法的区域农田灌溉短期用水量预测方法

常规方法对区域农田灌溉短期用水量预测时易出现预测数据误差大,预测过程复杂等现象。设计基于SVM算法对区域农田灌溉短期用水量进行预测。以某沿黄区域位于全景属于黄河流域东南方向一区域农田为研究对象,首先基于SVM算法选择用水量特征,选取一对一的构造方法将农田灌溉短期用水量数据分为两个类别。通过SVM算法中支持向量机分类功能将农田灌溉短期用水量特征子集进行获取,并在此基础上可以根据特征子集通过预测模型进行用水量预测。由于用水量序列波动性较强,将GM(1,N)模型与机器学习算法LSSVR模型相结合来进行用水量预测,并确定模型评价指标。结果证明基于SVM算法的区域农田灌溉短期用水量预测方法误差在允许范围内且在农业中具有可使用性。     

复合高效配方药剂对甘蔗褐锈病防控效果评价

为了筛选防控甘蔗褐锈病的复合高效配方药剂及精准施药技术,选用代森锌、烯唑醇、代森锰锌、嘧菌脂、吡唑醚菌脂、苯甲嘧菌酯、百菌清、多菌灵进行田间药效试验.结果表明,(65％代森锌WP 1500 g+75％百菌清 WP 1500 g+磷酸二氢钾2400 g+增效剂300 mL)/hm2、(12.5％烯唑醇 WP 1500 g...     

不同光照处理下外施营养液和激素对万圣节法师叶色变化的影响[1]

To study the effects of light, external nutrition, and hormones on the color changes of Aeonium aeonium "Halloween" leaves. In this study, the 1-year-old stem cuttings of the Aeonium aeonium "Halloween" were used as materials. The leaves were sprayed with 25mg/L methyl jasmonic acid, 3‰ potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 1‰ calcium magnesium boron mixture for two consecutive times, with an interval of 3 days. The experiment consisted of CK (water control), LS, DS (dark culture for 1 week). After 1 week of treatment, the leaf color parameters and anthocyanin pigment content were measured every 7 days for 6 consecutive weeks. The results showed that the treatment time and method had a significant impact on the leaf color parameters. In terms of brightness value L, as the treatment time extended, all three treatments showed an upward downward upward trend. Among them, the highest value was reached after 2 weeks of treatment, gradually decreased after 3 weeks, and sharply increased again after 6 weeks; In terms of red green saturation a value, after 2-4 weeks of treatment, both LS and DS treatments were significantly higher than CK, and the effect significantly decreased after 5 weeks; Light has a significant impact on a value, with DS treatment showing a significant decrease in a value after one week of shading, and a sharp increase after re lighting; In terms of the b value of yellow and blue saturation, the change in CK value is relatively small with the extension of treatment time, while the fluctuation in LS and DS treatment is significant; In terms of color saturation c value, DS treatment significantly increased with the prolongation of treatment time, and there was no significant change in LS and CK treatment within 1-3 weeks. After 3 weeks of treatment, there was no significant difference between the three treatments; With the extension of treatment time, the anthocyanin content of each treatment showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. After 2-3 weeks of treatment, the anthocyanin content was higher, and gradually decreased after 4 weeks of treatment; Correlation analysis shows that anthocyanin content is highly significantly positively correlated with a and c values, and anthocyanin content is a key factor in the red color of Aeonium aeonium "Halloween".     

登陆台风“泰利”对广西地区暴雨增幅特征分析

本文围绕2023年7月登陆我国华南沿海的2304号“泰利”热带气旋,利用CMA-STI热带气旋最佳路径数据集、NCEP/NCAR再分析I资料、NOAA每日(非插值)OLR资料,对登陆台风“泰利”在广西地区的暴雨增幅进行了特征分析。结果表明,登陆后的“泰利”被副热带高压、大陆高压、切断低压及副高延伸的高压脊包围,这样的环流形势有利于环流维持;“泰利”活动期间越赤道气流明显增强,索马里急流和80-90°E的越赤道气流在南海北部海域交汇后,将大量的水汽、动量和潜热能量注入登陆“泰利”环流,使其登陆后仍能维持一段时间;2023年7月第4侯,西南季风处于活跃期,触发低纬西南季风涌北传并侵入“泰利”环流,进而在广西地区产生暴雨增幅。此外,低层热力条件特征也是导致“泰利”暴雨增幅的重要原因。     

河道水流特性对河流生态环境的影响

河道水流特性主要包括水位、流量、流速及其分布、动水压强等,水流特性与河床的边界条件密切相关,而河床边界又是联系河道水流与生态系统的载体与纽带。本文从河道水流特性与生态环境之间的关系入手,阐述了河道水流特性对水生生物的影响,分析了水生生物生长状况的变化所导致的水流环境的变化。论述了河道中的局部建筑物(闸坝工程)在除害兴利、造福人类的同时,给河道生态环境带来的负面影响,河道的渠化和改道造成生态环境多样化的减少乃至消失。从河道水流特性与生态系统协调发展、人与自然和谐共处的角度,给出了河道生态修复的基本原则及措施。本文对于水利工程的规划设计、河道整治、生态修复、环境保护等领域具有一定的实践指导意义。     

生态公益林效益发挥的保障机制

文章具体阐述了生态公益林的多重效益和对生态公益林保护建设的生态补偿机制进行了探讨。     

小叶锦鸡儿灌丛土壤肥力变化的研究

研究了内蒙古风蚀沙化区退化草原植被恢复或重建过程中灌丛对养分的聚集和土壤肥力的保护作用,结果表明灌丛大小和灌丛不同土层养分含量没有明显的变化趋势,灌丛内0~5 cm土层的养分含量高于相应的对照样地,5~20 cm土层有机质和速效氮含量高于相应的对照,灌丛土壤颗粒含量和本地区土壤本底颗粒组成有密切的关系,和对照区相比,短期内没有显著增加土壤的细粒成分,但灌丛在减少风蚀方面具有一定的作用。     

我国城市森林建设初探

基于城市森林的内涵和功能以及城市森林建设的理论和法律依据,结合我国目前城市森林建设现状及存在的问题,提出了我国城市森林建设的思路和对策。     

鄂尔多斯地区沙漠生物结皮特征研究

本文对鄂尔多斯沙漠生物结皮作用进行了初步研究,结果表明结皮层的机械组成以细沙和粗粉沙为主,而流沙以粗沙和细沙为主;生物结皮层影响降水的再分配作用,并影响入渗水的蒸发规律;生物结皮层具有较好的保水特性和养分富集作用。