基于木质素部分脱除及其含量对生物质热解特性的影响

该研究采用固定床热解炉,研究不同木质素含量花生壳、核桃壳样品的裂解行为,利用元素分析、工业分析、气相色谱-质谱联用以及气相色谱法对原料和热解产物进行分析,探究木质素与综纤维素在原始交联结构下的交互作用及其对热解产物分布特性影响。研究结果发现,300℃热解条件下,随着木质素含量的增加,样品中固体产率增加,液体产率和气体产率下降。500、700℃热解条件下,固体产率相比300℃有大幅度的下降,且随样品中木质素含量的增加,固体产率无明显变化,液体产率稍微增加,气体产率下降。500℃时,H2产率很低,随样品中木质素含量的增加,CO2含量减少,CH4含量增加,CO含量有稍微的上升。而700℃时,综纤维素的脱氢、缩合、成环会生成大量的H2。同时,木质素能够促进综纤维素分解生成大量左旋葡聚糖,并抑制其分解;而综纤维素抑制木质素单体愈创木基的脱甲氧基反应,促进苯丙烷基的脱烷基反应,形成更多的酚类化合物。该研究对于生物质组分间交互和产物形成特性研究具有积极意义。     

丘陵-平原-湿地复合区降雨径流数值模型

针对丘陵-平原-湿地复合地区降雨径流数值模型较少、而已构建的模型对水文要素空间分布和湿地区水流运动又反映不足,采用格子玻尔兹曼法和有限元法构建丘陵-平原-湿地复合区降雨径流数值模型。在模型构建过程中将复合区分为地势起伏较大的上游丘陵区和下游地势变化较小的平原湿地区。上游丘陵区降雨采用距离平方倒数法计算降雨空间分布、采用格子玻尔兹曼法建立非饱和区土壤水运动模型、利用达西公式建立饱和区水流运动模型、利用格子玻尔兹曼法构建汇流数值模型,进而构建了上游区的降雨径流数值模型。平原湿地区采用基于有限元四边形单元构建了水流运动数值模型。平原湿地区入口边界采用上游区降雨径流数值输出的流量过程,平原湿地区出口边界采用基于格子玻尔兹曼法的汇流模型计算的水位过程。四边形单元有限元求解水流运动方程实现了上、下游区的无缝连接,模型使用比较方便。以挠力河流域为研究对象进行了降雨径流和平坦区水流运动模拟研究,模拟结果良好,说明模型较为可靠。     

Predicting quantitative host plant resistance against phoma black stem in sunflower

Phoma black stem is an important disease in sunflower, against which no specific management method is currently deployed in France. Relevant phenotyping methods for quantitative resistance are critical for integration of this trait into breeding programmes. Components of resistance associated with physiological resistance, and morphological traits associated with disease escape were measured on 21 sunflower genotypes under growth chamber (on seedlings), greenhouse (on adult plants), and field conditions, together with disease intensity in the field. Potential predictors were first selected for sensitivity and robustness from mixed model anova s. Analyses involving ranking tests and logistic regressions were then performed to identify predictors for field resistance. The identification of predictors for resistance involved analyses conducted in two broad steps: process‐oriented experiments, and epidemic‐oriented experiments. This stepwise approach departs from many studies aimed at identifying predictors for field resistance, which rely mainly on the computation of correlation coefficients between predictors and measured field disease variables. Predictors for quantitative resistance were identified: (i) lesion length and lesion expansion on stems of plants before flowering stage, and (ii) lesion length on first leaf petioles of seedlings. A high number of leaves and tall plants were associated with disease escape. Control genotypes for susceptibility and quantitative resistance were identified, and implications for breeding and improvements were derived from this work.     

辽宁省循环经济发展水平区域差异分析

循环经济是实现资源型城市经济转型、可持续发展的有效方式之一。科学评价循环经济发展水平对区域可持续发展及确定其未来发展方向有重要意义。根据国家统计局制定的循环经济评价指标体系和"3R"原则构建了辽宁省循环经济评价指标体系。运用模糊综合评判方法和GIS方法对辽宁省循环经济发展水平区域差异作了定量分析。结果表明:辽宁省14个地区循环经济发展水平差异显著,整体上沿海地区好于内陆地区;沈大沿线好于周边地区,并向东西两侧逐级递减;资源型城市水平普遍偏低;辽西半干旱地区水平最低。最后分析影响辽宁循环经济发展的主要因素,并提出循环经济发展建议。     

湖南柑橘衰退病调查分析及弱毒系筛选

 The investigation showed that stem-pitting Citrus tristeza virus (CTV)occurred commonly in citrus production areas in several varieties of Hunan Province. Accurate detection of CTV strains was performed by p23/PCR method, PCR and the results indicated that the most samples were infected with several CTV isolates. Three mild strains were isolated and their pathogenicity was identified by biological identification, it indicated that p23/PCR groups had uniformity with the pathogenicity of CTV isolates. Furthermore, three mild isolates were tested in the cross protection by analysis of biological symptoms and composition of p23 gene. Different protecting effects were observed among these strains and W17 mild isolate was effective.     

AN APPRONTMATE CALCULATING METHOD FOR WALL PLATES OF MAN'' S DRY GAS HOLDERS

The basic equations of wall plates of MAN' S dry gas holders are derived in this paper. According to the law of cylindrical bending given by the finite element results .we derive some approximate formula calculating the deflection and stresses of the wall plates from the basic equations. Compared with the known approximate calculating method.the method car. obviously increase the percision.     

拖拉机安全驾驶室强度非线性有限元分析

为了避免由于拖拉机翻车事故引起的人员伤亡,提高拖拉机工作时的安全性,设计安全可靠的大中马力拖拉机驾驶室,并且使之能通过OECD标准,以某型号拖拉机驾驶室为研究对象,建立了该安全驾驶室的精确三维模型,并采用非线性有限元方法,按照OECD标准规定的要求,对模型进行了加载分析。驾驶室被简化成梁和板单元,采用弹簧单元模拟驾驶室与机身前支架之间的橡胶减震垫。计算结果表明：拖拉机驾驶室在按照试验要求模拟加载完成后,驾驶室变形吸收能量达到OECD标准规定的要求时,驾驶室部分粱和底板的应力已经达到屈服应力,进入了塑性变形,但变形后的驾驶室没有侵入安全容身区。后推、后压、侧推、前压和前推试验中驾驶室的最大变形分别为111、4、168、19和 47 mm,变形最大发生在力的作用位置处。该方法为设计能通过OECD标准试验的拖拉机安全驾驶室提供了一定的参考依据。     

基于层次分析法的大型半自磨机磨矿性能优化

为提升大型半自磨机的磨矿性能,建立了半自磨机离散元模型,将离散元仿真结果和试验测试结果进行了对比,验证了所建离散元模型的合理性。在此基础上,研究了影响磨矿性能的主要因素及其影响规律,应用层次分析法构造了因素与指标之间的层次结构和判断矩阵,建立了磨矿性能评价指标预测模型。应用该模型优化了某大型半自磨机的主要磨矿性能影响因素,与优化之前对比,比功率和钢球与矿料总有效碰撞次数分别提高了10.78%、15.47%,衬板最大磨损高度降低了10.81%,综合磨矿性能提高了17.25%。     

超临界甲醇法制备生物柴油的研究进展

介绍了超临界甲醇法制备生物柴油的反应机理及其工艺的研究进展,着重阐述了反应温度、醇油比、水和游离脂肪酸、共溶剂及催化剂等因素对超临界甲醇法制备生物柴油的影响。