配合饲料中添加玉米DDGS对刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)生长、体组成及免疫指标的影响

在基础饲料中分别添加0、10％、20％、30％、40％的玉米干酒精糟及其可溶物(Dried distiller's grains with solubles,DDGS),配制成5种等氮等能的实验饲料(DDGS0、DDGS10、DDGS20、DDGS30 和DDGS40),饲喂初始体重为(9.69±0.28)g的刺参56 d,研究玉米DDGS作为替代蛋白源对其生长、体成分及免疫指标的影响.结果显示,随着玉米DDGS添加水平的升高,刺参增重率和特定生长率略有下降,但各组间差异不显著(P＞0.05).各实验组刺参体壁指数、肠道指数、肠长比以及体壁水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪和粗灰分含量均不受玉米DDGS添加的影响(P＞0.05).体腔液中溶菌酶的活性呈先上升后稳定的趋势,其中,DDGS20和DDGS40组显著高于DDGS0和DDGS 10组(P＜0.05),DDGS30组与其他各组无显著差异(P＞0.05).酸性磷酸酶的活性呈先上升后下降的趋势,在DDGS20组达到最大值,其中,DDGS20组显著高于其他各组(P＜0.05),DDGS40组显著高于DDGS0组(P＜0.05),其他各组间无显著差异(P＞0.05).酚氧化酶的活性随着DDGS添加量的增加呈上升趋势,各添加组均显著高于DDGS0组(P＜0.05),DDGS40组显著高于DDGS 10组(P＜0.05),其他各组间无显著差异(P＞0.05).饲料中添加玉米DDGS对体腔液中碱性磷酸酶和超氧化物歧化酶的活性无显著影响(P＞0.05).本研究表明,饲料中添加0-40％的玉米DDGS均不影响刺参的生长和体壁成分,且添加20％-40％的玉米DDGS能提高刺参体腔液中免疫酶的活性.     

半滑舌鳎(Cynoglossus semilaevis) miR-223的表达特征及免疫应答分析

microRNA(miRNA)是一类内源性、长度约为22个核苷酸的非编码小单链RNA分子,由具有发夹结构的70-90个碱基的单链RNA前体经过Dicer酶加工而成.本研究使用荧光实时定量PCR (Quantitative Real-Time PCR, qRT-PCR)方法,研究了miRNA-223(miR-223)在半滑舌鳎(Cynoglossus semilaevis)各健康组织、鳗弧菌(Vibrio anguillarum)感染后各时间点的免疫组织以及不同病原类似物刺激后头肾细胞中的表达模式.结果显示,miR-223在半滑舌鳎各组织中均有表达,在头肾中表达量最高,在脑和血液中的表达量极低.鳗弧菌感染3组样品4种免疫组织,miR-223表达变化显著,感染后20 h内,鳗弧菌诱导miR-223上调表达.鳗弧菌感染后半滑舌鳎免疫组织miR-223表达变化规律显示,鳗弧菌感染2、6、12、24、48、72、96和168 h后,miR-223在肝、肠、脾、头肾4种组织中出现差异表达.其中,miR-223在半滑舌鳎肝、脾、头肾中表达上调,在肠中表达下调.用LPS、poly I:C、PGN、RGNNV感染半滑舌鳎头肾细胞后,发现经LPS、RGNNV诱导后miR-223上调表达,poly I:C、PGN诱导后miR-223下调表达.研究结果表明,miR-223参与了半滑舌鳎免疫应答过程.本研究结果有助于了解miRNA在半滑舌鳎对病原刺激免疫应答过程中的作用以及半滑舌鳎与病原相互作用中miRNA参与调控的机制.     

猪场免疫失败常见因素分析

免疫是预防猪发生传染病的主要手段。近年来国内外对猪的各种疾病进行了预防接种,收到了一定的效果。但免疫后发病的现象也时有发生,给养猪业造成不可估量的损失,并因此而引发多起民事纠纷。本文根据实践经验,对免疫失败的因素详细分析,以帮助养猪户合理防疫,提高养殖效益。     

Influence of Enterococcus faecium SF68 Probiotic on Giardiasis in Dogs

Background: Giardiasis is a common, potentially zoonotic disease, and dogs often harbor and shed cysts without showing clinical signs. Treatment with the probiotic Enterococcus faecium SF68 has been shown to stimulate mucosal and systemic immunity in a variety of animal models and in young dogs, and to reduce giardial cyst and antigen shedding in rodents.
Hypothesis: Adult dogs with chronic naturally acquired giardiasis will have decreased giardial fecal cyst and antigen shedding and increased innate and adaptive immunity after 6 weeks probiotic treatment with E. faecium SF68.
Animals: Twenty adult dogs.
Methods: After a 6-week dietary equilibration period, dogs were randomized to receive E. faecium SF68 or placebo for 6 weeks, and then crossed over to the alternate treatment. We measured cyst shedding, fecal giardial antigen, fecal immunoglobulin A (IgA) concentration, and circulating leukocyte phagocytic activity at multiple timepoints to determine the effect of E. faecium SF68 on giardiasis and immune responses in these dogs.
Results: No differences were observed between placebo or E. faecium SF68 treatment for giardial cyst shedding, fecal antigen shedding, fecal IgA concentration, or leukocyte phagocytic activity.
Conclusions: Short-term treatment with E. faecium SF68 of dogs with chronic naturally acquired subclinical giardiasis fails to affect giardial cyst shedding or antigen content and does not alter innate or adaptive immune responses.     

Infection, immunity and the neuroendocrine response

The Central Nervous (CNS) and Immune Systems (IS) are the two major adaptive systems which respond rapidly to numerous challenges that are able to compromise health. The defensive response strictly linking innate to acquired immunity, works continuously to limit pathogen invasion and damage. The efficiency of the innate response is crucial for survival and for an optimum priming of acquired immunity. During infection, the immune response is modulated by an integrated neuro-immune network which potentiates innate immunity, controls potential harmful effects and also addresses metabolic and nutritional modifications supporting immune function. In the last decade much knowledge has been gained on the molecular signals that orchestrate this integrated adaptive response, with focus on the systemic mediators which have a crucial role in driving and controlling an efficient protective response. These mediators are also able to signal alterations and control pathway dysfunctions which may be involved in the persistence and/or overexpression of inflammation that may lead to tissue damage and to a negative metabolic impact, causing retarded growth.This review aims to describe some important signalling pathways which drive bidirectional communication between the Immune and Nervous Systems during infection. Particular emphasis is placed on pro-inflammatory cytokines, immunomodulator hormones such as Glucocorticoids (GCs), Growth hormone (GH), Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1), and Leptin, as well as nutritional factors such as Zinc (Zn).Finally, the review includes up-to-date information on this neuroimmune cross-talk in domestic animals. Data in domestic animal species are still limited, but there are several exciting areas of research, like the potential interaction pathways between mediators (i.e. cytokine-HPA regulation, IL-6-GCS-Zn, cytokines-GH/IGF-1, IL-6-GH-Leptin and thymus activity) that are or could be promising topics of future research in veterinary medicine.     

杨凌及其周边地区猪群中猪瘟抗体水平监测

对杨凌及其周边地区猪群中猪瘟免疫情况进行了调查,并采取54份血样,利用间接ELISA检测猪瘟抗体水平.调查发现,绝大部分养殖户对猪瘟都有较为严格的防疫措施,但也有部分养殖户不够重视,没有进行疫苗免疫接种.血清检测结果表明,免疫猪的猪瘟抗体阳性率为40%;未免疫猪阳性率为30%;屠宰用猪阳性率为47.06%;所有检样总阳性率为37.03%.说明杨凌及其周边地区猪群中猪瘟抗体水平偏低,应及时进行免疫接种及加强抗体监测.     

芝芪菌质对日本沼虾生产性能和机体免疫的影响

[目的]探讨芝芪菌质对日本沼虾生产性能和机体免疫的影响。[方法]将日本沼虾随机分成2组,每组3个平行,每个平行约45尾,一组为对照组,另一组为试验组,在基础日粮中分别添加500 mg/kg芝芪菌质,饲养35 d后测定日本沼虾生长情况和血清溶菌酶、肝胰脏中碱性磷酸酶和酸性磷酸酶活性及肌肉中超氧化物歧化酶活性。[结果]与对照组相比,添加芝芪菌质的试验组日本沼虾的血清溶菌酶、肝胰脏碱性磷酸酶和酸性磷酸酶以及超氧化物歧化酶活性明显增高。[结论]饲喂适量的芝芪菌质能促进日本沼虾的生长和免疫力提高。     

用低龄动物制备高效价Et免疫血清的探讨

［目的］建立一种用低龄日本大耳白兔制备高效价迟钝爱德华氏菌（Edwardsiellatarda,Et）免疫血清的方法。［方法］先制备迟钝爱德华氏菌（Et）抗原。用日本大耳白兔作免疫动物,分2组试验,一组是2月龄组（T组）,另一组是6月龄（S组）。采取耳缘静脉注射的方法,小剂量连续多次免疫日本大耳白兔,免疫后,收集免疫血清,然后用微量凝集反应法测定免疫血清抗体效价。［结果］凝集反应显示,在免疫剂量相同的情况下,第1次试血测Et免疫血清效价,S组的血清效价比T组的血清效价高,但在第2次试血测Et免疫血清效价时T组的血清效价与S组的血清效价一致。［结论］试验中所采用的T组动物（日本大耳白免）月龄较小,免疫后仍产生了与S组一致的高效价抗血清,说明用低龄日本大耳白兔制备高效价Et免疫血清的方法可行。     

红景天提取物对小鼠免疫功能的影响

[目的]探讨红景天[Rhodiola crenulata（Hook.f.et.Thoms.）H.Ohba]提取物对小鼠免疫功能的影响。[方法]将192只BALB/c小鼠随机分为4批,每批分为4组,分别为低、中、高3个剂量组和1个溶剂对照组,连续灌药（20 m l/kg.体重）30 d,测定各免疫指标。[结果]高剂量组红景天提取物可提高小鼠碳廓清能力（P〈0.05）;中剂量和高剂量组能增强绵羊红细胞诱导小鼠DTH能力（P〈0.05）,促进NK细胞活性（P〈0.05）和血清凝血素的生成（P〈0.05）,增加抗体生成细胞数的生成（P〈0.05）,并且能提高小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞的能力（P〈0.05）,但对免疫器官/体重质量值和ConA诱导的小鼠脾淋巴细胞转化能力无显著影响。[结论]红景天提取物具有增强正常小鼠免疫力的功能,该研究为开发有食用价值的保健食品提供了试验依据。     

花椒对蛋雏鸡生长性能及免疫机能的影响

选用1日龄海兰褐壳蛋用雏鸡320只,随机分成4组,每组4个重复,每个重复20只鸡。Ⅰ组为对照组饲喂基础日粮,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ为试验组,在基础日粮的基础上分别添加质量分数为0.1%、0.2%、0.3%的花椒,试验期4周,研究花椒对蛋雏鸡生长性能及免疫机能的影响。结果表明,整个试验期雏鸡的平均日增体质量试验组比对照组分别提高4.21%、12.09%、12.06%,料重比试验组比对照组分别降低1.77%、8.13%、8.11%,以Ⅲ、Ⅳ组效果最好,与对照组相比较差异显著(P<0.05);成活率试验组比对照组分别提高6.16%、7.0%、5.95%,以Ⅲ组效果最好,差异显著(P<0.05);另外,花椒对雏鸡的免疫器官也有较大的影响,其中胸腺指数试验组较对照组分别提高4.81%、9.83%、8.99%,差异显著(P>0.05);脾脏指数试验组比对照组分别提高11.29%2、0.43%和20.34%,增长差异显著(P<0.05);法氏囊指数试验组比对照组分别提高14.09%、31.28%和31.32%,差异显著(P<0.05);新城疫Hl抗体滴度试验组与对照组比较以Ⅲ组抗体效价最高,Ⅲ组较Ⅰ组差异显著(P<0.05)。从试验中可以得出添加适量的花椒具有促进雏鸡生长,提高雏鸡免疫机能的作用,以0.2%的添加量比较适宜。