Diverse production system and social status effects on pig immunity and behavior

Pig performance, immunity, and behavior may be influenced by production system and social status. A conventional indoor housing system was compared with an outdoor system to determine the effects of diverse production systems on pig performance, behavior, and immunity. At 21 days of age, weight matched pigs reared in a conventional indoor or an outdoor production system were weaned and randomly selected for use in the present study. Six replicate pens were evaluated per treatment, with two littermate female pigs in each pen. Social status was determined at 7 weeks of age by a feed competition test. Pig behavior was recorded for 24 h using a scan sample technique. At 9 weeks of age, blood samples were taken from indoor- and outdoor-reared pigs and immune assays performed. Both indoor- and outdoor-reared pigs were given a sheep red blood cell (SRBC) challenge at 6 and 8 weeks of age, and antibody titers to SRBC were measured at 6, 7, and 9 weeks of age. Performance data were recorded throughout the study period. Body weight and average daily gain were not influenced by the production system in which the pig was reared. The production system effected standing, lying, drinking, and oral/nasal/facial behaviors. The production system influenced the expression of certain behaviors depending on the time of day. Immune and blood measures were affected by production system. The percentage of phagocytosis was greater (P ≤ 0.05) and antibody titers to SRBC challenge tended to be greater (P = 0.066) among outdoor-reared pigs compared with indoor-reared pigs. Outdoor reared pigs had higher hemoglobin concentrations (P < 0.005), percentage of hematocrit (P < 0.005), mean corpuscular volume (P < 0.005), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (P < 0.005) compared with indoor-reared pigs. Furthermore, dominance order influenced the immune system. Dominant pigs had greater phytohemagglutinin stimulated lymphocyte proliferation (P < 0.01) and baseline antibody titers to sheep red blood cells (P < 0.05) compared with submissive pigs. In conclusion, in the present study body weight and average daily gain were similar among diverse production systems. However, pig behavior and immune system were significantly influenced by the production system. Dominance order influenced the immune system regardless of the production system.     

苜草素对肉仔鸡免疫、内分泌和脂类代谢的一些指标的影响

本试验旨在研究不同剂量的苜草素(苜蓿提取物)对肉仔鸡免疫、内分泌和脂类代谢的一些指标的影响。240只1 d商品代AA雄性肉仔鸡随机分为4组。对照组饲喂基础日粮,处理组日粮中分别添加100、300和500 mg/kg苜草素。分别于28、35、42和49 d从每组取6只鸡,称重、心脏采血后处死,剥离腹脂并称重。分离血清后,进行新城疫血凝抑制抗体效价、甲状腺素、胰岛素、甘油三酯和总胆固醇水平的测定。结果表明,添加500 mg/kg苜草素分别在不同日龄显著提高了(P<0.05)新城疫血凝抑制抗体效价和血清甲状腺素水平,显著降低了(P<0.05)腹脂率、血清甘油三酯水平、总胆固醇水平和胰岛素水平;添加300 mg/kg苜草素显著升高了(P<0.05)血清甲状腺素水平和显著降低了(P<0.05)甘油三酯和胰岛素水平;添加100 mg/kg苜草素对这些指标没有显著影响。由本试验结果可以看出,日粮中添加苜草素(500 mg/kg)可以增强肉仔鸡体液免疫能力、调节甲状腺素和胰岛素的分泌,并且具有明显的降脂作用。     

Vaccination against infectious bronchitis in young chickens--carriers or not of maternal antibodies

The immunity to infectious bronchitis afforded by spray vaccination of mycoplasma free two days-old broilers with maternal antibodies to infectious bronchitis virus was tested by comparing zootechnical scores, clinical signs, macroscopical and microscopical changes, frequency of infectious bronchitis virus isolation following challenge at one, three and five weeks of age in vaccinated, unvaccinated, challenged and unchallenged birds. This vaccination gave a very good protection to infectious bronchitis for the most part of broiler economical life; growth delays were especially avoided. However, vaccinated and unvaccinated one-week-old birds were not protected enough. No correlation was observed between haemagglutinating antibodies titres and protection. At last this vaccination caused a notable reaction in specific pathogen free control birds of the same age.     

乳猪4头剂量三联苗增强猪瘟免疫推广应用报告

１９９０—１９９３年在西宁市郊２２个重点地区应用４头剂量三联苗注射乳猪３２４１７头，推广覆盖率占市郊仔猪总数的７０％，猪瘟疫点从１９８２年的４０个下降为１９９３年的零，猪瘟死亡率从１９８７年的１４％下降为１９９３年的零，ＰＰＡ－ＥＬＩＳＡ检测免疫猪血清８８份，有效保护价８１．９％，酶标记抗体检测死猪病料结果均为阴性。     

辽宁省消灭马传染性贫血关键技术研究

经农业部消灭马传染性贫血达标考核验收,辽宁省于2013年2月达到了消灭马传贫部颁标准。取得这一重大进展的创新性技术,关键在于科学地整合和配套应用马传贫琼脂免疫扩散检测技术、马传贫弱毒疫苗科学化免疫技术及马传贫强弱毒抗体鉴别诊断技术。探究和总结这一创新性技术成果,对于现阶段开展其他动物疫病的防控乃至净化,具有重要借鉴和指导意义。     

Low crude protein diets supplemented with casein hydrolysate enhance the intestinal barrier function and decrease the pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in the small intestine of pigs

To reduce nitrogen excretion and lower feeding costs, low crude protein (CP) diets are sometimes proposed, however, a great reduction of dietary CP concentration (>4% reduction vs. recommended concentration), even supplemented with essential and nonessential amino acids (AA) can detrimentally affect small intestinal barrier function and immunity, possibly due to the excessive lack of peptides. Here we hypothesize that with an extremely low CP concentration diet, protein-derived peptides, rather than AA supplementation, can improve intestinal barrier development and health. To test this hypothesis, 21 growing pigs (19.90 ± 1.00 kg body weight) were randomly assigned to 3 treatments with control diet (16% CP), or low CP diets (13% CP) supplemented with AA (LCPA) or casein hydrolysate (LCPC) for 28 days. In comparison with the control diet, the LCPA diet decreased the protein expression level of jejunal barrier factor zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and stem cell proliferation factor leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor-5, whereas the LCPC diet enhanced intestinal barrier function by increasing the protein expression level of jejunal occludin and ZO-1 and ileal mucin-2. The LCPA diet reduced Lactobacillus counts, whereas the LCPC diet increased Lactobacillus counts and reduced Escherichia coli counts in the ileum. The LCPA diet also increased protein expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-22, whereas the LCPC diet decreased protein expression levels of pro-inflammatory IL-1β, IL-17A and tumor necrosis factor-α in the ileum. Collectively, the casein hydrolysate supplementation of low CP diets showed beneficial effects on the small intestinal barrier, bacterial community, and immunity in pigs, pointing to the important role of protein-derived peptides in small intestinal health in cases of low crude protein diets.     

猪“O”型口蹄疫基因工程苗免疫猪的免疫效力、安全性及抗体消长

对猪“Ｏ”型口蹄疫基因工程疫苗进行免疫效力和安全性的观察,同时检测了免疫猪的抗体消长。结果表明,该基因工程疫苗对猪体是安全、有效的。免疫猪抗体乳鼠中和指数在免疫后４个月仍可达２．０,血凝价仍达２７．５。     

β-胡萝卜素的主要生理功能及其在畜禽中的应用研究进展

β-胡萝卜素是维生素A的合成前体,在动物体内还发挥其独立于维生素A的抗氧化、抗炎和免疫调节等生理功效.β-胡萝卜素具有促进动物机体生长、降低饲养成本及提高动物产品价值等作用.本文阐述了β-胡萝卜素的理化特性、生产制备来源、体内的吸收代谢途径及其主要的生理功能,总结归纳了近10年来β-胡萝卜素在畜禽养殖中的研究和应用现状...     

包膜半胱胺对肥育猪生长性能、免疫功能、抗氧化能力及肠内容物消化酶活性的影响

本试验旨在研究日粮中添加不同水平包膜半胱胺(CCS)对肥育猪生长性能、免疫和抗氧化能力及十二指肠消化酶活性的影响.选择体重(62.12±1.43)kg的健康杜×长×大肥育猪160头,随机分为4个处理,每个处理组4个重复,每个重复10头(公、母各半).对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮的基础上分别添加100、200、4...     

消化道不同部位灌注大豆寡糖对绵羊几个免疫指标影响

为研究不同剂量大豆寡糖(SBOS)对绵羊体液免疫和细胞免疫功能的影响。试验选用9只安装有永久性瘤胃瘘管、十二指肠瘘管和回肠瘘管的内蒙古半细毛羊羯羊,随机分为3组。试验1组灌注占试验日粮风干物质0.6%的SBOS;试验2组灌注占试验日粮风干物质1.2%的SBOS;对照组不灌注SBOS。试验分3期,分别在瘤胃、十二指肠和回肠3个部位灌注SBOS(每期进行1个部位的灌注)。结果表明:(1)通过瘤胃和十二指肠灌注,SBOS提高了绵羊外周血CD4细胞数量、CD4/CD8值、血清IgG和IgA含量,其中以1.2%组效果最为明显;(2)回肠灌注SBOS,增加了外周血CD8细胞数量,降低了CD4/CD8值;0.6%组增加了CD4细胞数量,提高了IgG、IgA含量;1.2%组降低了CD4细胞数量,在第14天和21天达到了显著水平(P<0.05),并且在14 d和21 d降低了IgG、IgA含量。因此,SBOS可以在一定程度上提高绵羊的免疫功能。