Interference of the humoral immune response against resident and nonresident intestinal commensal strains in weaning pigs

Not nocuous bacteria are important for the maturation and the modulating activity of the gut immune system. However, the humoral immune response against commensal and probiotic bacteria is less documented, particularly in farmhouse animals. Blood serum and saliva were collected in two trials where probiotics, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LbR), well-defined human isolate (Trial A), and a novel and abundant porcine commensal, Lactobacillus sobrius strain 001^T (LbS) (Trial B), were supplemented to weaning pigs. Anti-LbR IgA were present in serum of pigs before treatment with LbR, but also after 1 or 2 weeks in control pigs, notwithstanding the absence of DNA from LbR in colon. Pigs fed or not LbS for 1 or 2 weeks had LbS-specific IgA, in saliva and in serum. Colon contents of control subjects were positive for DNA from LbS. We hypothesized that part of this IgA strain-specific activity is partially related to immune cross-reactivity between different Lactobacillus-species. With the procedure of Shu et al. [Shu, Q., Bird, S.H., Gill, H.S., Rowe, J.B., 1999. Immunological cross-reactivity between the vaccine and other isolates of Streptococcus bovis and Lactobacillus. FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. 26, 153–158], after ELISA test on blood serum or saliva pre-incubated with LbR or LbS, each strain blocked a relevant part of IgA specific for the other. So bacteria with different affinity for the pig present reciprocal crossed immune activity. When probiotics are supplied to weaning pigs, the possible action of already present multi-effective IgA should be considered. The mechanism of IgA induction by certain probiotics needs to be addressed in further studies.     

中草药调节剂对生态兔的抗菌和免疫作用研究

选用生态兔场常见的几种致病菌进行中草药体外抑菌试验,并测定其对小白鼠的免疫功能,以验证中草药免疫调节剂对生态兔的抗菌和免疫作用。结果表明,中草药对上述各种细菌都有不同程度的抑菌作用;免疫研究证明,中草药能增强小白鼠的巨噬细胞吞噬功能,促进小白鼠脾淋巴细胞玫瑰花结形成,并能诱生干扰素,由此表明中草药免疫调节剂在生态兔的育成过程中对提高免疫功能起重要的作用。     

Diverse production system and social status effects on pig immunity and behavior

Pig performance, immunity, and behavior may be influenced by production system and social status. A conventional indoor housing system was compared with an outdoor system to determine the effects of diverse production systems on pig performance, behavior, and immunity. At 21 days of age, weight matched pigs reared in a conventional indoor or an outdoor production system were weaned and randomly selected for use in the present study. Six replicate pens were evaluated per treatment, with two littermate female pigs in each pen. Social status was determined at 7 weeks of age by a feed competition test. Pig behavior was recorded for 24 h using a scan sample technique. At 9 weeks of age, blood samples were taken from indoor- and outdoor-reared pigs and immune assays performed. Both indoor- and outdoor-reared pigs were given a sheep red blood cell (SRBC) challenge at 6 and 8 weeks of age, and antibody titers to SRBC were measured at 6, 7, and 9 weeks of age. Performance data were recorded throughout the study period. Body weight and average daily gain were not influenced by the production system in which the pig was reared. The production system effected standing, lying, drinking, and oral/nasal/facial behaviors. The production system influenced the expression of certain behaviors depending on the time of day. Immune and blood measures were affected by production system. The percentage of phagocytosis was greater (P ≤ 0.05) and antibody titers to SRBC challenge tended to be greater (P = 0.066) among outdoor-reared pigs compared with indoor-reared pigs. Outdoor reared pigs had higher hemoglobin concentrations (P < 0.005), percentage of hematocrit (P < 0.005), mean corpuscular volume (P < 0.005), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (P < 0.005) compared with indoor-reared pigs. Furthermore, dominance order influenced the immune system. Dominant pigs had greater phytohemagglutinin stimulated lymphocyte proliferation (P < 0.01) and baseline antibody titers to sheep red blood cells (P < 0.05) compared with submissive pigs. In conclusion, in the present study body weight and average daily gain were similar among diverse production systems. However, pig behavior and immune system were significantly influenced by the production system. Dominance order influenced the immune system regardless of the production system.     

蛋白质与饱食度对工厂化养殖半滑舌鳎

在封闭循环水养殖条件下,进行5×3双因素随机设计动物试验,即5种饲料蛋白质水平（43％、46％、49％、52％和56％;以A—E组表示）和3种饲喂饱食度水平（100％、90％和80％;以I、Ⅱ和Ⅲ水平表示）,共15个处理,每处理3重复,试验期108d。探寻蛋白质营养与饱食度对工厂化养殖半滑舌鳎幼鱼（110±25g）生长与免疫的影响。结果表明,（1）高蛋白水平与高饱食度投喂的增重效果最佳,E组增重率极显著高于其他组13．75％～50．16％,工水平比Ⅱ和Ⅲ水平分别极显著提高7．57％和14．08％;中蛋白水平蛋白效率较高而死亡率最低,C组死亡率比其他组降低50％～759／6;低饱食度的饲料利用率和蛋白质效率最高,Ⅲ水平比I、Ⅱ水平分别显著高4．78％和5．32％。（2）中蛋白水平和高饱食度有利于提高超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活力,C组比其他组显著提高4．2％～34．79％,I水平分别比Ⅱ和Ⅲ水平极显著高15．27％和25．70％;中蛋白水平和90％饱食度有利于提高溶茵酶（LZM）活力,C组比其他组极显著提高4．61％～18．07％,Ⅱ水平比工和Ⅲ水平分别极显著高12．03％和4．58％;中高蛋白水平和高饱食度有利于提高补体C3和C4活力。（3）获得工厂化养殖半滑舌鳎幼鱼最大生长的饲料蛋白质水平为56％;最佳免疫力和蛋白效率的饲料蛋白质水平为499／5～52％。     

中草药方剂对鸡传染性法氏囊病的治疗及免疫试验

（河南省安阳工学院牧医系,河南安阳 455000）     

特白一号薯叶制品功能性实验及临床应用研究

以特白一号甘薯（ＩｐｏｍｅａｂａｔａｔａｓＬａｍ．）叶为主要原料制成“维康”饲喂用环磷酰胺抑制免疫机能的动物及高脂模型动物,实验结果表明,实验组胸腺,脾脏重量,吞噬率,Ｔ淋巴细胞总数,白细胞和血小板数均明显高于环磷酰对照组（Ｐ〈０．０１）;实验组小鼠的血清ＴＣ,ＴＧ和ＬＰＯ含量均明显低于高脂模型组（Ｐ〈０．０１）,ＨＤＬ－Ｃ明显高于脂模型组（Ｐ〈０．０１）,体外抗栓作用明显优于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０１     

乳果糖对围产期犊牛免疫功能的影响

为研究乳果糖的替抗生素作用,选用同一牛场同一批从澳大利亚进口的青年荷斯坦奶牛所产公犊牛25头,按时间顺序分为5组,以随机单位组设计方法确定每组犊牛围产期内(初生至15日龄)乳料中不同的添加物：对照组（A）;金霉素组(B),1万IU/头?d(3~15日龄);金霉素+乳果糖组(C),金霉素添加同B组、乳果糖添加同D组;乳果糖组(D),10g/头?d;乳果糖组(E),15g/头?d。实验结果显示,乳果糖对犊牛免疫器官指数,血液中T、B淋巴细胞百分含量无显著影响。淋巴细胞转化率从24 h开始,D、E组均与A组和B组组间差异极显著(p<0.01),乳果糖与金霉素在促进淋巴细胞转化率方面存在协同效应。乳果糖能提高犊牛血液中C反应蛋白(CRP)含量及IgG含量,金霉素与乳果糖之间存在协同效应,但金霉素的增加效果不如添加乳果糖增加的效果。     

消化道不同部位灌注大豆寡糖对绵羊几个免疫指标影响

为研究不同剂量大豆寡糖(SBOS)对绵羊体液免疫和细胞免疫功能的影响。试验选用9只安装有永久性瘤胃瘘管、十二指肠瘘管和回肠瘘管的内蒙古半细毛羊羯羊,随机分为3组。试验1组灌注占试验日粮风干物质0.6%的SBOS;试验2组灌注占试验日粮风干物质1.2%的SBOS;对照组不灌注SBOS。试验分3期,分别在瘤胃、十二指肠和回肠3个部位灌注SBOS(每期进行1个部位的灌注)。结果表明:(1)通过瘤胃和十二指肠灌注,SBOS提高了绵羊外周血CD4细胞数量、CD4/CD8值、血清IgG和IgA含量,其中以1.2%组效果最为明显;(2)回肠灌注SBOS,增加了外周血CD8细胞数量,降低了CD4/CD8值;0.6%组增加了CD4细胞数量,提高了IgG、IgA含量;1.2%组降低了CD4细胞数量,在第14天和21天达到了显著水平(P<0.05),并且在14 d和21 d降低了IgG、IgA含量。因此,SBOS可以在一定程度上提高绵羊的免疫功能。     

苜草素对肉仔鸡免疫、内分泌和脂类代谢的一些指标的影响

本试验旨在研究不同剂量的苜草素(苜蓿提取物)对肉仔鸡免疫、内分泌和脂类代谢的一些指标的影响。240只1 d商品代AA雄性肉仔鸡随机分为4组。对照组饲喂基础日粮,处理组日粮中分别添加100、300和500 mg/kg苜草素。分别于28、35、42和49 d从每组取6只鸡,称重、心脏采血后处死,剥离腹脂并称重。分离血清后,进行新城疫血凝抑制抗体效价、甲状腺素、胰岛素、甘油三酯和总胆固醇水平的测定。结果表明,添加500 mg/kg苜草素分别在不同日龄显著提高了(P<0.05)新城疫血凝抑制抗体效价和血清甲状腺素水平,显著降低了(P<0.05)腹脂率、血清甘油三酯水平、总胆固醇水平和胰岛素水平;添加300 mg/kg苜草素显著升高了(P<0.05)血清甲状腺素水平和显著降低了(P<0.05)甘油三酯和胰岛素水平;添加100 mg/kg苜草素对这些指标没有显著影响。由本试验结果可以看出,日粮中添加苜草素(500 mg/kg)可以增强肉仔鸡体液免疫能力、调节甲状腺素和胰岛素的分泌,并且具有明显的降脂作用。     

Fibroblasts function as "sentinel cell" in inflammatory reaction

The fibroblasts have long been considered as structural elements and playing a main role in wound healing. Recent studies indicated that fibroblasts are heterogenic cells and function as resident sentinel cells in inflammatory reaction. When activated by substances released during tissue injury or derived from infectious microorganisms or by proinflammatory cytokines, tissuespecific fibroblasts can transiently produce certain chemokines and initiate a cascade of inflammatory reaction. In addition fibroblasts can produce prostanoids that participate in inflammatory and immune responses. In this review, the new role of fibroblasts in regulation of inflammation and immune reactions and possible molecular mechanism will be discuss.