A comparison of the effects of dietary spray-dried bovine colostrum and animal plasma on growth and intestinal histology in weaner pigs

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary spray-dried bovine and porcine plasma and spray-dried bovine colostrum on growth performance and intestinal histology in weaner pigs. Thirty-two 21-day-old piglets (6.65 ± 0.14 kg) were allocated to receive one of four dietary treatments: control, bovine plasma, porcine plasma, and bovine colostrum at weaning and another 8 piglets were killed at weaning to provide baseline data. The experimental diets were offered ad libitum for one week, after which animals were killed and post-mortem measurements obtained. No differences in average daily feed intake and growth rate were observed among dietary treatment groups (P > 0.05). Baseline piglets had taller villi and shallower crypts (P < 0.05) in the proximal jejunum, mid jejunum and distal ileum than those observed a week after weaning, irrespective of dietary treatment. Weaning-related expansion of intestinal lamina propria CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte populations was observed (P < 0.05). Complex and variable treatment effects on villus height, crypt depth, villus and crypt goblet cell density, and lamina propria T cell density were observed, suggesting that the tested protein sources do not share a common or simple mode of action.     

The response of Japanese quails (heavy body weight line) to dietary energy levels and graded essential amino acid levels on growth performance and immuno-competence

The response of growing quails (n = 900, divided into 36 subgroups) to dietary levels of essential amino acids (EAA) at different energy levels on growth and immunity was investigated. Nine diets including three levels of metabolizable energy (ME, 11.30, 12.13 and 12.97 MJ ME kg^− 1) each at three levels of EAA (low, medium and high) in a 3 × 3 factorial design were formulated. Each diet was offered to 4 replicated groups up to 5 weeks of age. The ratio of lysine to protein and the level of methionine and threonine to lysine remained almost similar in all the diets as specified by NRC [NRC, 1994. Pages 44–45 in Nutrients requirements of poultry. 8th ed. Natl. Acad. Press, Washington, DC.]. Body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio did not differ statistically due to the treatments i.e. interaction of ME and EAA levels. However, there was linear increase in body weight gain with increased EAA levels during 0–3 or 0–5 weeks of age. Feed intake increased linearly with the decreased ME (P < <0.01) and increased EAA (P < 0.01) in diets. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) improved (P < 0.01) linearly with increase in dietary ME concentration from 0–3 or 0–5 weeks of age. FCR and energy efficiency improved in diets with medium and high levels of EAA during 0–3 weeks, while it did not differ during 0–5 weeks of age. Protein efficiency (PE) improved linearly (P < 0.01) with decreased EAA levels during 0–3 or 0–5 weeks of age, and also with the increase in dietary ME level during 0–5 weeks growth phase. Nitrogen retention per unit energy intake was significantly higher in diet containing 12.97 MJ ME kg^− 1 with high level of EAA. Humoral (SRBC) and cellular (PHA-P) immune response and yield of immune organs did not differ due to ME, EAA or ME x EAA. Therefore, it can be concluded that the optimum level of dietary ME is 11.30 MJ kg^− 1 with CP 25.83%, lysine 1.49%, methionine 0.58% and threonine 1.17% on dry matter basis during 0–5 weeks of age for gain. However for optimum feed conversion, the growing quails require diet with ME 12.97 MJ kg^− 1 with CP 23.23%, lysine 1.30%, methionine 0.50% and threonine 1.02% for 0–5 weeks of age.     

中药免疫增强剂在肉兔饲料中的应用效果

选择60只45日龄加利福尼兔断奶仔兔．研究日粮中添加2％的中药免疫增强剂（由黄芪、甘草、黄柏、陈皮、党参、柴胡、金银花、苍术、白芍、山楂、麦芽等中草药组成）对其增重、料肉比及机体免疫状况的影响。结果显示：试验组的日增重比对照组提高7．13％（P〈0．05）；试验组脾脏、胸腺、肠系膜淋巴结、圆小囊、蚓突等免疫器官指数比对照组分别提高了12．93％（P〈0．057、4．54％（P〉0．05）、11．11％（P〈0．05）、27．81％（P〉0．05）、13．47％（P〉0．05）；血液中T淋巴细胞的玫瑰花环形成率试验组为80．17％，远高于对照组的玫瑰花环形成率58．49％：血液中T淋巴细胞酸性α-醋酸萘酯酶染色阳性率比对照组提高了8．22个百分点。研究表明，在断奶肉仔兔的日粮中添加中药免疫增强剂能够显著地提高机体的免疫力和生产性能，降低料肉比，提高饲料利用率。     

论中华人参文化与两岸人参产业发展的关系

本文首次提出中华人参文化在现阶段的涵义与基本概念,首次提出了中华人参文化的发展导致了西洋参的发现与应用。并详细阐述了中华人参文化是中国传统文化的重要组成部分及其与两岸人参产业发展的关系,为两岸人参产业可持续发展和进一步深层次交流与合作带来重大商机。同时也论述了炳翰国际人参产业是两岸资源互补、科技互补、共同创新发展中华人参文化的结晶。     

牦牛胎盘粉对小鼠耐受力的影响

[目的]通过牦牛胎盘粉对小鼠耐受力影响的研究,探讨牦牛胎盘粉的药用价值,为进一步开发和利用牦牛胎盘提供理论依据。[方法]将健康牦牛的成熟胎盘加工成胎盘粉,连续灌服小白鼠25 d后,观察它们耐缺氧时间、游泳耐力以及免疫学方面的变化。[结果]结果表明,在相同的饲养条件下,试验小鼠连续灌服牦牛胎盘粉、人胎盘粉25 d后与对照组相比在体重上无显著差异(P>0.05),这说明小鼠服用牦牛胎盘粉后其生长发育与灌服人胎盘(紫河车)粉具有相同的效果。但试验小鼠游泳时间明显比对照组和人胎盘粉组长(P<0.05),耐缺氧的时间比人胎盘组和对照组长,耗氧量低(P<0.05),而且服用牦牛胎盘粉后对小鼠免疫器官胸腺、脾脏的变化比对照组明显(P<0.05)。[结论]牦牛胎盘粉连续灌胃小鼠25 d产生与人胎盘粉(紫河车粉)同样的生物学效应,能明显增强小鼠的耐受力,使小鼠的耐缺氧时间、游泳时间延长,同时有增加免疫器官(胸腺、脾脏)和生殖器官重量的作用。     

畜禽冰茶抗热应激的安全试验及临床疗效观察

采用扶正固本 ,益气养阴 ,清热祛署等中药 ,以人参白虎汤 ,玉屏风散 ,清署散综合化裁成畜禽冰茶。临床试验表明 :本品具有较好的抗热应激 ,清热、解署 ,提高免疫力 ,增重、增蛋、抑菌、消炎等作用。本品与电解质多维、补液盐等同用效果更佳。安全试验表明 :本品给药至治疗量的 30 0倍时 ,无死亡现象 ,安全范围很大。故可认为本品在常规用药的情况下 ,无毒、无害、无有害残留 ,可列为无公害的新产品。     

马尾藻多糖对鸡脾脏淋巴细胞增殖及氧化应激影响的实验观察

马尾藻具有很高的食用和药用价值,分离提取马尾藻多糖(Sargassum polysaccharides,SP),对其理化性质进行分析;研究马尾藻多糖对氧化应激态鸡脾脏淋巴细胞内谷胱甘肽(GSH)和一氧化氮(NO)分泌水平及淋巴细胞体外增殖的影响.结果表明:马尾藻多糖提取率为152.8 g/L;马尾藻多糖浓度为100、200、400 mg/L时,能显著促进体外培养的鸡脾脏淋巴细胞增殖;H2O2浓度为50 μmol/L时,能诱导体外培养的鸡脾脏淋巴细胞处于氧化应激状态.马尾藻多糖浓度为400 mg/L,与细胞共孵育4h或12h,能显著增加氧化应激态细胞内GSH含量;共孵育培养8h,能显著降低氧化应激态细胞的NO水平.马尾藻多糖能促进鸡脾脏淋巴细胞增殖,并通过调节细胞内GSH和NO水平,提高免疫细胞的抗氧化能力,发挥免疫调节作用.     

日本血吸虫新基因SjPP的筛选、克隆及对小鼠的免疫效果

【目的】筛选克隆东方田鼠血清识别的日本血吸虫靶抗原基因，并研究其免疫保护效果。【方法】利用东方田鼠感染血清免疫筛选日本血吸虫（中国大陆株）成虫cDNA表达文库获得阳性克隆，以5′ RACE技术扩增获基因全长序列，构建含目的基因的核酸疫苗并研究在小鼠中的免疫保护效果。【结果】（1）获得4个日本血吸虫新的EST序列，即mfs-1（GenBank登录号BE974942）、mfs-3（GenBank登录号BE974944）、mfs-4（GenBank登录号BE974945）和mfs-5（GenBank登录号BE974946）。（2）mfs-5进行全长序列克隆，获得的日本血吸虫新基因SjPP(GenBank登录号AY902477)长1311 bp, 编码302个氨基酸，理论分子量为34.7 kD，等电点为5.51；其氨基酸序列具有丝/苏氨酸蛋白磷酸酶（serine/threonine specific protein phosphatase，简称PP）的保守序列LRGNHE，并且含有该酶特异性抑制剂冈田酸的作用位点SAPNYC，与人的PP6、鼠PP6、果蝇PPⅤ等蛋白的氨基酸序列具有高度同源性，分别达72%、70%和70%。（3）成功构建核酸疫苗pCMV-Script／SjPP，免疫BALB/c小鼠诱导产生肝组织减卵率为23.91%，粪便减卵率为31.91%。【结论】（1）获得日本血吸虫新的抗原基因SjPP。（2）含SjPP基因的核酸疫苗在小鼠中诱导了部分免疫保护效果。     

植物源营养素对杂交肉牛增重性能、免疫指标和肉品质的影响

为了研究日粮中添加植物源营养素对肉牛生产性能、免疫指标及肉品质的影响,将24头杂交肉牛随机分成3组（试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组和对照组）,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组分别在精料中添加糖萜素800 g/t和牛至油150 g/t,对照组不添加。结果表明：试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组和对照组,平均日增重分别为2.0650 kg、1.4825 kg和1.5581 kg,与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ组比对照组提高32.53%（P〈0.05）。同时,试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组血液中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）分别比对照组高52.66%和97.53%（P〈0.01）,脂肪酶比对照组高361.56%和430.77%（P〈0.01）,总蛋白比对照组高31.95%和15.86%（P〈0.05）,试验Ⅱ组总胆固醇比对照组低74.48%（P〈0.01）,其他免疫指标差异不显著（P〉0.05）;试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组眼肌面积分别比对照组提高71.82%和49.60%（P〈0.05）,试验Ⅰ组皮下脂肪覆盖度和高档牛肉显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）,试验Ⅱ组肉品质各指标与对照组差异不显著（P〉0.05）。     

复方中草药饲料添加剂对克氏原螯虾非特异性免疫功能的影响

[目的]探讨复方中草药饲料添加剂对克氏原螯虾非特异性免疫功能的影响。[方法]在基础饲料中添加1%、2%的复方中草药制剂,连续投喂40 d,分别在养殖后的20、30、40 d测定克氏原螯虾的溶菌酶、超氧化物歧化酶、碱性磷酸酶、酸性磷酸酶的活性。[结果]与对照组相比,添加1%和2%的中草药制剂对克氏原螯虾溶菌酶、超氧化物歧化酶的活性影响极显著(P<0.01),对碱性磷酸酶和酸性磷酸酶的活性影响显著(P<0.05)。2个试验组除酸性磷酸酶外,其他3种酶的活力均无显著差异(P>0.05)。[结论]复方中草药饲料添加剂可以显著提高克氏原鳌虾的非特异性免疫功能。从免疫力和经济角度方面考虑,建议中草药的添加剂量以1%为宜。