Effect of Metallothionein on Cell Cycle,Apoptosis Rate and Subsets Distribution of Lymphocytes in Peripheral Blood of Dairy Cattle under Heat Stress

[Objective] This study aimed to research the effect of metallothionein on cell cycle, apoptosis rate and subsets distribution of lymphocytes in peripheral blood of dairy cows under heat stress, so as to perfect the regulative mechanism re- searches of MT to anti-heat stress. [Method] Twenty lactating Chinese Holstein cows were randomly divided into four groups （A, B, C and D）, and injected with 0, 4.0, 8.0 and 12.0 mg Zn-metallothionein, respectively by intravenous route. Blood sam- ples were collected at 1＂, 16~, 31~, 46~ and 61~ day, and the dynamic changes of cell cycle, apoptosis rate and subsets distribution of lymphocytes were determined. [Result] The apoptosis rate of cells in group B and C was lower than those in group A by 26.63% （P〉0.05） and 24.84% （P〉0.05） respectively. The number of cells in the Gc/G1 phage in trial groups was increased and the number of cells in the S and GJM phages tended to decrease, but there were no significant differences （P〉 0.05）. The number of CD3~ T cell in three trial groups was greater than those in group A by 7.02% （P〉0.05）, 5.45% （P〉0.05） and 3.85% （P〉0.05） respectively, while the number of CD4~ T cell in trial groups was higher than those in control group by 31.04% （P〈0.05）, 35.68% （P〈0.05） and 39.34% （P〈0.05） respectively. The number of CD8＇ T cell and the levels of CD4＊/CD8~ in trial groups were increased observ- ably, but significant difference （P〈0.05） was observed in the levels of CD4~/CD8~ between groups A and C only. It demonstrated that exogenous Zn-metallothionein can decrease apoptosis rate, improve cell cycle and regulate subsets distribution of lymphocytes in dairy cattle in a dose-dependent manner. [Conclusion] This study will provide scientific basis for safe utilization of MT in dairy industry.     

不同水平的氨基酸对小香鸡免疫性能与抗氧化性能的影响

选取120只健康、体重相近、出栏前5周的商品小香鸡为试验动物,随机分为苏氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、缬氨酸4个处理,每周称重1次。屠宰时,每个重复选取具有代表性的公、母鸡各1只,进行翅下静脉采血,分别测定免疫指标、抗氧化性能指标。结果表明,3种水平的苏氨酸处理对小香鸡免疫、抗氧化性能之间的差异不显著;添加0.3%的异亮氨酸比添加0.1%的异亮氨酸能显著提高小香鸡抗氧化性能;添加0.2%的异亮氨酸比添加0.1%异亮氨酸能显著提高总蛋白含量;添加0.2%的缬氨酸较添加0.3%缬氨酸能显著提高GSH-PX活性;添加0.2%的缬氨酸与添加0.1%的缬氨酸相比,总蛋白含量显著提高;添加0.3%的缬氨酸与添加0.1%的缬氨酸、0.2%的缬氨酸相比,总蛋白含量差异不显著;添加0.2%的缬氨酸处理的球蛋白含量与添加0.1%的缬氨酸、0.3%的缬氨酸差异显著;苏氨酸处理组与亮氨酸处理组球蛋白含量差异极显著,异亮氨酸处理组与亮氨酸处理组球蛋白含量差异显著,但是缬氨酸处理组球蛋白含量与其他3组差异均不显著。     

黄芪多糖分级组分的提取及其对鸡疫苗免疫效果的影响

提取分离3个黄芪多糖分级组分,并探讨其对禽流感-新城疫重组二联活疫苗免疫效果的影响.采用3个乙醇浓度沉淀得到3个黄芪多糖分级组分:A1、A2、A3;将320只鸡随机分为8组,分别皮下注射A1、A2、A3、A1+A2,A1+A3、A2+A3、A1+A2+A3和蒸馏水,首免后每隔7d采血检测疫苗抗体效价.结果表明,A1、A2、A3得率分别为1.37%、3.87%、0.59%,多糖含量分别为30.42%、35.65%、25.88%;A2、A3能显著提高疫苗抗体效价.黄芪多糖免疫功能的有效部位为A2、A3,尤以A2作用显著.     

水稻-病原菌互作途径研究进展

水稻稻瘟病和白叶枯病分别由真菌病原菌Magnaporthe oryzae (M. oryzae)和细菌病原菌 Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo)引起,是造成世界范围内水稻减产的主要病因,水稻-稻瘟病菌及水稻-白叶枯病原菌互作已成为研究植物-病原菌互作的模式系统。本文归纳了目前已克隆的抗稻瘟病及白叶枯病基因与其分子结构和功能,概括了近年来鉴定的一些病原菌相关分子(Pathogen-associated molecular patterns,PAMPs)及稻瘟病菌和白叶枯菌分泌的效应蛋白,并总结了针对稻瘟病菌和白叶枯菌介导的病原物分子诱导的抗病反应(PAMP-triggered immunity,PTI)和效应蛋白诱导的抗病性(Effector-triggered immunity,ETI)及其信号传导途径的研究成果,指出效应蛋白-抗病蛋白间互作将为探索植物-病原菌间互作提供新的分子基础,并为水稻抗病育种实践提供借鉴与指导。     

复方党参口服液对小鼠免疫功能的影响

为探讨复方党参口服液对小鼠免疫功能的影响,将40只健康昆明系小鼠随机分成对照组、低剂量组、中剂量组和高剂量组,每组10只,分别灌服生理盐水,口服液浓度为0.5,1.0,1.5 g/ml,各0.1 ml/只.d。试验10 d后,测定小鼠脾脏系数、胸腺系数和体增重(试验第11 d时与0 d时小鼠体重的差值),并进行脾脏的组织形态学观察;测定各组小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬功能以及红细胞免疫功能。结果表明,复方党参口服液可显著增加小鼠脾脏系数,升高小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬百分率和吞噬指数。初步证明复方党参口服液对正常小鼠的免疫功能有较强的促进和调节作用。     

海带岩藻聚糖及其级分在氧化应激条件下对肉鸡巨噬细胞免疫功能的影响

【目的】在氧化应激条件下,研究海带岩藻聚糖及其级分对肉鸡巨噬细胞免疫功能的影响,初步探讨海带岩藻聚糖及其级分的免疫调节功能与抗氧化作用的关系。【方法】以叔丁基过氧化氢（tBOOH）为活性氧诱导剂,加入肉鸡腹腔巨噬细胞培养液中,测定细胞培养液中抗氧化酶的变化,巨噬细胞分泌一氧化氮（NO）、诱导型一氧化氮合成酶（iNOS）、以及细胞因子IL-1和TFN-α等免疫指标的变化。【结果】用tBOOH处理后的巨噬细胞,细胞存活率显著下降（P＜0.05）,乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）和丙二醛（MDA）显著升高（P＜0.05）,SOD和GSH-Px酶活性显著降低（P＜0.05）。巨噬细胞的吞噬活性显著降低（P＜0.05）,NO、iNOS和呼吸爆发显著降低（P＜0.05）,细胞因子IL-1分泌量显著下降（P＜0.05）,表明细胞出现明显的氧化损伤。在培养液中加入海带岩藻聚糖及其级分,能够缓解细胞的氧化应激,使得细胞存活率上升,LDH和MDA降低,SOD和GSH-Px升高,免疫指标均有不同程度的恢复。【结论】海带岩藻聚糖及其级分具有抗氧化活性,不同级分的抗氧化活性存在差异,其中级分Ⅲ、级分Ⅳ的作用较强。海带岩藻聚糖对巨噬细胞的免疫促进作用与其抗氧化活性有关。     

Growth hormones therapy in immune response against Trypanosoma cruzi

Growth hormone (GH) is an important hypophyseal hormone that is primarily involved in body growth and metabolism. In mammals, control of Trypanosoma cruzi parasitism during the acute phase of infection is considered to be critically dependent on direct macrophage activation by cytokines. To explore the possibility that GH might be effective in the treatment of Chagas’ disease, we investigated its effects on the course of T. cruzi infection in rats, focusing our analyses on its influences on parasitemia, NO, TNF-α and IFN-γ concentration and on histopathological alterations and parasite burden in heart tissue. T. cruzi-infected male Wistar rats were intraperitoneally treated with 5 ng/10 g body weight/day of GH. Animals treated with GH showed a significant reduction in the number of blood trypomastigotes during the acute phase of infection compared with untreated animals (P < 0.05). For all experimental days (7, 14 and 21 post infection) of the acute phase, infected and GH treated animals reached higher concentrations of TNF-α, IFN-γ and nitric oxide as compared to untreated and infected counterparts (P < 0.05) Histopathological observations of heart tissue revealed that GH administration also resulted in fewer and smaller amastigote burdens, and less inflammatory infiltrate and tissue disorganization, indicating a reduced parasitism of this tissue. These results show that GH can be considered as an immunomodulator substance for controlling parasite replication and combined with the current drug used may represent in the future a new therapeutic tool to reduce the harmful effects of Chagas’ disease.     

The protective effect of a Toxoplasma gondii SAG1 plasmid DNA vaccine in mice is enhanced with IL-18

More effective vaccines against Toxoplasma gondii may contribute to the control of this pathogen that has major veterinary and public health significance. In this study, two recombinant plasmids pcDNA/TgSAG1 and pVAX/mIL-18 containing T. gondii SAG1 (TgSAG1) and murine cytokine interleukin-18 (IL-18) were evaluated for their ability to protect mice against T. gondii challenge. Mice were given two intramuscular immunizations 3 weeks apart, and challenged with T. gondii 3 weeks later. All animals vaccinated with pcDNA/TgSAG1 alone or with pVAX/mIL-18 developed specific anti-TLA (T. gondii lysate antigen) antibodies and specific lymphocyte proliferative responses. Co-injection of pVAX/mIL-18 significantly increased the production of IFN-γ and IL-2. Further, challenge experiments showed that co-immunization with pVAX/mIL-18 significantly (P < 0.05) increased the survival rate (60%), compared with pcDNA/TgSAG1 alone (40%). Therefore, codelivery of the IL-18-secreting plasmid potentiates the induction and maintenance of the type 1 helper T-cell immune response and may be a potent strategy for enhancing the protective efficacy of vaccines against T. gondii.     

玉米胚芽分离蛋白溶解性及对小鼠免疫功能影响的研究

以湿法脱胚的玉米胚芽为原料,采用碱溶酸沉法制备了玉米胚芽分离蛋白;探讨了不同条件如温度、pH、盐浓度等对玉米胚芽分离蛋白的溶解性,解释了溶解性在这些条件下的变化的规律。研究了玉米胚芽分离蛋白对小鼠体内的免疫调节作用,研究结果表明,玉米胚芽分离蛋白能显著提高正常小鼠的免疫脏器指数、腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬百分率、吞噬指数和淋巴细胞的转化功能活性,促进溶血素的形成。结果提示:玉米胚芽分离蛋白能提高机体的免疫功能,是一种很好的非特异性免疫激活剂。     

饥饿胁迫对刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)免疫和生长的影响

为了探究饥饿胁迫对刺参免疫和生长的影响,在11?13℃条件下,研究体质量为(20±0.15) g的刺参在不同时间(0、10、20、30、40、50、60 d),饥饿胁迫对体腔液中酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活性、溶菌酶(LZM)活性、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、呼吸爆发(RB)活性、吞噬活性以及对刺参体质量、脏壁比、存活率的影响。研究结果表明,随着饥饿时间的延长,刺参体腔液中的ACP活性、LZM活性呈现降低的趋势,饥饿60 d后,比初始值分别下降47.06%、17.57%;SOD活性、RB活性和吞噬活性呈现出先上升后下降的趋势,分别在饥饿胁迫第20、20、10天时达到最高值依次为32.88、0.328、1.35 U/ml,其后显著下降,第60天时显著低于初始值,分别下降27.87%、38.08%、53.43%;其体质量在第60天时为初始体质量的68.08%,呈现负生长;脏壁比逐渐增大,第60天时为0.56,显著高于初始值0.44 (P<0.05)。随着存储营养物质的消耗,刺参体质量损失率增加,存活率下降,存活率与体质量损失率之间存在着y = ?0.0354x2+0.4354x 99.117的函数关系,呈二次曲线线性负相关。研究结果显示,饥饿时刺参通过消耗体内的营养物质来满足机体需要,长期的饥饿有可能降低刺参的免疫能力,直接影响刺参的健康和生长。