茯苓液体培养条件研究及其营养浓缩液的相关检测

研究表明，液体培养条件下，茯苓经0～48h的适应期，48～144h的增殖期后进入稳定期，发酵液pH骤降。经检测，发酵液中含有包括十六烷酸和十八烷酸在内的有机酸；发酵罐培养120h，生物量≥30g/l00mL(鲜重)。茯苓营养浓缩液多糖含量≥5．0mg/mL，氨基酸含量≥480mg/100mL。动物实验证明，茯苓营养浓缩液具有显著的抗疲劳和提高机体免疫力作用，其重金属和微生物指标均符合国家标准。     

Dietary protein for young grazing sheep: Interactions with gastrointestinal parasitism

Effects of protein supplementation and of nematode control on production responses in young grazing sheep and on nematode population dynamics were assessed. Young Merino wether sheep (n = 270) were allocated to one of three supplementation (Su) treatments and one of three regimes of nematode control (drench, Dr) in a factorial design. Each of the nine treatments was replicated three times in a randomised complete block. Animals received no supplement (SuO) or were given supplements at a level equivalent to 200 g day⁻¹, fed three times a week. The supplements contained 25% lucerne meal with either 75% sunflower meal (Su1) or 75% formaldehyde-treated sunflower meal (Su2). Nematode control regimes were: not drenched unless survival of individual animals was threatened (DrO); drenched according to a strategic drenching programme (Dr1); treatment with a controlled-release albendazole capsule (Dr2). Infections with Haemonchus contortus were suppressed by use of closantel. Due to drought conditions and lack of pasture growth, lucerne hay was fed to all sheep from Week 14 onwards (350 g per head per day, fed twice a week). Supplementation reduced the need for ‘survival drenching’ in Dr0 sheep considerably. Live-weight gain was increased significantly by supplementation with Su1 or Su2 during the 36-week experiment. Undrenched animals given Su1 or Su2 tended to grow faster than unsupplemented animals in the Dr1 and Dr2 groups. Greasy wool production and fibre diameter were increased by supplementation and anthelmintic treatment. Faecal worm egg counts (FEC) in undrenched sheep were significantly lower for Su1 and Su2 sheep than for Su0 sheep. There were no effects of supplementation on FEC in Dr1 or Dr2 sheep. Worm burden was generally unaffected by supplementation, while the drenching treatments Dr1 and Dr2 reduced worm burden at Week 16 and to a lesser extent at Week 27. Trichostrongylus colubriformis was the predominant nematode species, with smaller numbers of Nematodirus spp., Trichostrongylus vitrinus, Trichostrongylus axei and Ostertagia circumcincta also present. It was concluded that supplementary feeding with protein meal substantially reduced production losses attributable to nematode infections in young grazing sheep. This appears to be due to an enhanced resilience of the host, rather than any major changes in development of protective immunity.     

黄瓜幼叶细胞中钙调素的免疫胶体金定位

 采用免疫胶体金电镜技术对黄瓜幼叶叶肉细胞中的钙调素(CaM)进行定位。结果表明：适温下生长的黄瓜幼苗叶肉细胞中的CaM主要分布于细胞核和叶绿体内，细胞核中CaM主要存在于染色质和核仁上，叶绿体中CaM主要存在于类囊体膜上；线粒体中也有一定量的CaM分布；细胞质、液泡、液泡膜及质膜上只有少量CaM存在；而细胞壁和细胞间隙却很难发现显示CaM存在的金颗粒。     

Expression of the tobacco β-1,3-glucanase gene, PR-2d, following induction of SAR with Peronospora tabacina

Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is induced following inoculation of Peronospora tabacina sporangia into the stems of Nicotiana tabacum plants highly susceptible to the pathogen. Previous results have shown that accumulation of acidic β-1,3-glucanases (PR-2's) following induction of SAR by P. tabacina may contribute to resistance to P. tabacina. We showed that up-regulation of the PR-2 gene, PR-2d, following stem inoculation with P. tabacina, is associated with SAR. Studies using plants transformed with GUS constructs containing the full length promoter from PR-2d or promoter deletions, provided evidence that a previously characterized regulatory element that is involved in response to salicylic acid (SA), may be involved in regulation of PR-2d following induction of SAR with P. tabacina. This work provides evidence that regulation of PR-2 genes during P. tabacina-induced SAR may be similar to regulation of these genes during infection of N-gene tobacco by TMV or following exogenous application of SA, and provides further support for the role of SA in regulation of genes during P. tabacina-induced SAR.     

丁酸梭菌对哺乳母猪繁殖性能、免疫和抗氧化功能的影响

本试验旨在研究丁酸梭菌对哺乳母猪免疫和抗氧化的影响,选取健康经产长白母猪32头(胎次和预产期相近),随机分为4组,每组8个重复,每个重复1头。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组分别在基础日粮基础上添加250、500、1000 mg/kg丁酸梭菌。预试期7 d,试验期为28 d(产前7 d至21 d断奶)。结果表明:哺乳第1天,1000 mg/kg丁酸梭菌组血清中IgA、IgM和IgG含量均显著高于对照组;哺乳第21天,250、500、1000 mg/kg丁酸梭菌组IgA含量均显著高于对照组,500 mg/kg丁酸梭菌组IgM和IgG含量均为最高;哺乳第1、10、21天,1000 mg/kg丁酸梭菌组IL-6和IL-1β含量较对照组均显著降低;哺乳第1、10、21天,各丁酸梭菌组超氧化物歧化酶活性均显著高于对照组,丙二醛含量均显著低于对照组;哺乳第1、21天,500、1000 mg/kg丁酸梭菌组的过氧化氢酶含量较对照组均显著升高;哺乳第21天,500 mg/kg丁酸梭菌组总抗氧化能力和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性显著升高;哺乳第1天和第21天,1000 mg/kg丁酸梭菌组粪便中大肠杆菌的数量显著低于对照组。由此得出,在妊娠后期和哺乳期饲粮中添加丁酸梭菌可以显著提高母猪免疫功能和抗氧化能力,降低粪便中大肠杆菌的数量,且添加量为500~1000 mg/kg时效果明显。     

Effects of periodical application of bioactive peptides derived from cottonseed on performance,immunity, total antioxidant activity of serum and intestinal development of broilers

This experiment aimed to examine the effect of periodical application of bioactive peptides derived from cottonseed (BPC) in comparison with using sub-therapeutic doses of lincomycin and the excessive inclusion of vitamin E on performance, immunity, total antioxidant capacity of serum and intestinal morphology of broiler chickens. A total of 240 one-d-old male broiler chicks with similar initial weight (Ross strain) were randomly assigned to 6 groups (8 chicks/pen): non-treated group (basal diet), basal diet supplemented with 2 mg/kg lincomycin, basal diet supplemented with 50 IU vitamin E, basal diet supplemented with 6 g BPC/kg in starter period, basal diet supplemented with 6 g BPC/kg in starter and grower periods and basal diet supplemented with 6 g BPC/kg throughout the whole experiment. The highest final body weight was obtained in the group supplemented with BPC in starter and grower periods. In the finisher phase, broilers fed the diet containing BPC in the starter period and in the whole trial had significantly (P < 0.05) better feed conversion ratios (FCR). Jejunal villus height was significantly elevated in broilers supplemented with antibiotic (P < 0.001), furthermore it tended to be greater in broilers fed BPC in the starter period. The jejunal villus height-to-crypt depth ratio was significantly (P < 0.01) higher in broilers fed the diet containing antibiotic in comparison to other groups. Humoral immune response against Newcastle disease vaccine tended to be elevated in broilers fed the diet containing BPC in the whole trial (P > 0.05). Broilers supplemented with BPC in starter and grower, and in the whole trial had significantly (P < 0.05) higher antibody titers against sheep red blood cells (SRBC). The highest total antioxidant capacity was obtained in broilers supplemented with the excessive level of vitamin E, furthermore it tended to improve in broilers fed the diet containing BPC in the whole trial. In summary, the results of the study indicated that addition of BPC in broiler diets in the whole trial could improve FCR, immune responses and total antioxidant activity of serum, and BPC could be used in broiler diets as an alternative to in-feed antibiotics.     

利用镰刀菌诱导玉米抗青枯病研究

利用来自不同寄主的 5个镰刀菌菌株 ,通过土壤诱导法对玉米青枯病主要致病菌Fusar iumgraminearum和Pythiumgraminicola分别进行诱导抗病性测定。供试 5种镰刀菌菌株均能诱导玉米抗青枯病。F1对P graminicola的诱导效果最好 ,用F1土壤诱导接种的诱导效果为 88%。F5对F .graminearum的诱导效果最好 ,用F5土壤诱导接种诱导效果达 10 0 %。免疫作用迟滞期及免疫作用持续时间测定结果表明 ,播前土壤诱导接种法效果好 ,持效期长 ,且能改善玉米农艺性状。土壤诱导接种法最佳迟滞期是 16d ,挑战后 6 3d诱导效果仍为 10 0 %。     

Regulation of‘Tiao Gan Fang Yao’on neuroendocrine-immuno-function of bandage-stressed rats

AIM: To investigate the regulation of ‘Tiao Gan Fang Yao’(TGFY) on neuroendocrine-immuno-function of bandage-stressed rat . METHODS:The stressed rat model was made by bandage. RIA was adopted to measure the function of hypothalamus-pitutary-adrenal gland axis (HPAA) of stressed rat. Meanwhile, the immunity of stressed rat and the regulation of TGFY were observed.RESULTS:Bandage stress increased the contents of serum corticosterone(CORT), and ACTH, and hypothalamus corticotropin releasing hormone (P＜0.01 or 0.05), which suggested that the excitability of HPAA was enhanced. In addition, bandage stress reduced spleen lymphocyte proliferation (P＜0.01) and decreased H₂O₂ releasing from the macrophages significantly (P＜0.01). While TGFY could decrease HPAA excitability of bandage-stressed rat and strengthen its immunity. CONCLUSION:TGFY could regulate disorder of neuroendocrine-immuno-function of bandage-stressed rat.     

磺胺间甲氧嘧啶全抗原的制备研究

采用重氮化法，将半抗原磺胺间甲氧嘧啶（SMM）与载体牛血清白蛋白（BSA）和卵清白蛋白（OVA）偶联，制得磺胺间甲氧嘧啶全抗原SMM—BSA和SMM—OVA。通过其紫外扫描光谱、SDS—PAGE凝胶电泳试验，表明半抗原和载体成功偶联，免疫动物以后可以产生满意效价。这另进一步制备抗SMM抗体提供了良好的免疫原。