免疫进化算法优化的逻辑斯谛曲线在山洪灾害灾情评价中的应用——以腾冲县为例

腾冲县是云南省山洪灾害易发区,在分析研究该县以往山洪灾害灾情数据的基础上,提出了免疫进化算法优化的逻辑斯谛曲线山洪灾害灾情评价模型(IEA算法优化的LOG模型)。评价结果表明,该方法易于操作,克服了各单项灾情评估指标结果不相容的问题,能够有效解决复杂的非线型优化问题,可为县域山洪灾害的防灾减灾工作和工程治理提供决策参考。     

β干扰素及其研究进展

β干扰素是一种重要的I型干扰素,它是由成纤维细胞和白细胞所分泌的一种糖蛋白,在固有免疫和适应性免疫中起着重要的作用。文中从β干扰素的分子组成、生物学功能及其作用机制和商品化情况等方面,阐述了β干扰素的研究进展。     

超微粉中草药添加剂对热应激江汉土鸡免疫器官组织形态学的影响

[目的]探讨超微粉中草药添加剂对热应激江汉土鸡雏鸡免疫器官组织的影响。[方法]采用完全随机试验设计,挑选100只江汉土鸡雏鸡,随机分为5组:1组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮;2、3、4、5组在基础日粮中分别添加0.5%、1.0%、1.5%、2.0%的中草药超微粉添加剂,研究超微粉中草药添加剂对热应激免疫器官组织的影响。[结果]2、4组雏鸡体重显著高于对照组(P<0.05);4、5组的法氏囊指数显著高于对照组(P<0.05),2、3、4、5组的脾脏指数分别比对照组提高24.1%、29.6%、26.3%和16.2%,但差异不显著(P>0.05),第4组的胸腺指数显著高于其他组(P<0.05);试验组免疫器官的T、B淋巴细胞相对数显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。试验组的免疫器官细胞紧密,基本无损伤细胞及核固缩现象。[结论]中草药超微粉添加剂能够明显刺激免疫器官的生长,并改善其免疫功能。     

肺气虚证小鼠模型造模方法及其对小鼠免疫功能的影响

为筛选肺气虚证小鼠模型最佳造模方法并验证其免疫功能变化，分别选用SO2法、SO2＋寒冷因素刺激法、香烟烟熏法和香烟烟熏＋寒冷因素刺激法重建肺气虚证小鼠模型，检测其体重、肺脏剖检及病理组织变化等指标，筛选最佳造模方法，并测定其腹腔巨噬细胞活性、体外B细胞抗体分泌能力、血清NO含量、淋巴细胞增殖能力及细胞因子IL-2、IL-4、IL-6、IL-10、IFN-γ、TNF-α含量、肺匀浆中sIgA、sIgM水平。结果显示，香烟烟熏＋寒冷因素刺激法小鼠造模完成后出现严重的肺出血、肺组织坏死及炎性细胞浸润等病变，且与对照组小鼠相比，其体重、脾脏指数、胸腺指数分别显著下降18．35％，37．12％，19．69％，肺脏指数显著升高12．73％；小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞活性（P＜0．01）、血清NO水平下降（P＜0．05）；T、B淋巴细胞增殖能力显著升高；细胞因子IL-2（P＜0．01）、IFN-γ、IL-4含量升高（P＜0．05），IL-6含量下降（P＜0．05）；sIgA、sIgM水平均极显著升高。表明，香烟烟熏＋寒冷因素刺激法是肺气虚小鼠模型最佳造模方法，且其免疫功能受损。     

Defining the immune response to Ehrlichia species using murine models

Pathogenic bacteria belonging to the family Anaplasmataceae include species of the genera Ehrlichia and Anaplasma. Ehrlichia chaffeensis, first known as the causative agent of human monocytic ehrlichiosis, also infects several vertebrate hosts including white-tailed deer, dogs, coyotes and goats. E. chaffeensis is transmitted from the bite of an infected hard tick, such as Amblyomma americanum. E. chaffeensis and other tick-transmitted pathogens have adapted to both the tick and vertebrate host cell environments. Although E. chaffeensis persists in both vertebrate and tick hosts for long periods of time, little is known about that process. Immunological studies will be valuable in assessing how the pathogen persists in nature in both vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. Understanding the host immune response to the pathogen originating from dual host backgrounds is also important to develop effective methods of diagnosis, control and treatment. In this paper, we provide our perspective of the current understanding of the immune response against E. chaffeensis in relation to other related Anaplasmataceae pathogens.     

枯草芽孢杆菌发酵制剂对饲喂含黄曲霉毒素B1饲料肉鸡免疫功能的影响

本试验旨在研究日粮中添加枯草芽孢杆菌发酵制剂对饲喂含黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)饲料肉鸡免疫功能的影响。选择5日龄健康AA肉仔鸡180只,随机分为3组,每组5个重复,每个重复12只鸡。A组饲喂基础饲粮,B组在基础饲粮中添加100μg/kg AFB1,C组在B组基础上添加0.1%枯草芽孢杆菌发酵制剂,饲养至42日龄。结果表明:C组21、28、35日龄鸡血清中新城疫(ND)抗体效价较B组分别提高了0.6log2、1.1log2和1.3log2(P<0.05);C组21、28、35日龄鸡血清中法氏囊(IBD)抗体值较B组分别提高了37.16%、63.82%和79.50%(P<0.05);C组鸡胸腺和法氏囊指数分别高出B组38.73%和24.24%(P<0.05),A、C组间无显著差异;C组鸡血清中IgA、IgG和IgM含量与B组相比分别提高了57.16%、139.08%和114.86%(P<0.05);A、C组间各指标差异不显著。综上,枯草芽孢杆菌发酵制剂能显著改善AA肉仔鸡AFB1中毒对ND和IBD疫苗免疫效果、免疫器官发育及免疫球蛋白含量的影响,使其恢复至正常水平。     

不同纯化浓缩方法制备的新城疫疫苗对SPF鸡免疫效果的研究

为研究利用不同纯化浓缩方法制备的新城疫疫苗对SPF鸡免疫效果的影响,试验取经过纯化浓缩的新城疫抗原制备的疫苗、经离心未经浓缩的抗原制备成的疫苗和经浓缩未离心的抗原制备成的疫苗分别免疫30日龄SPF鸡,免疫后分别在第7d、14 d、21 d、28 d、35 d、45 d、70 d、90 d采集血清检测新城疫抗体水平。结果表明,经浓缩纯化后抗原制备的疫苗与其他两组抗原制备的疫苗相比,物理外观性状基本相同,浓缩纯化后抗原制备的疫苗其单位抗原含量更高、杂质更少,抗体水平更高,统计数据显示差异显著。因此研究得出,浓缩倍数(即抗原含量)越高,抗体水平越高,持续的时间也越长。     

Effect of 12-hour road transportation on physiological, immunological and haematological parameters in bulls housed at different space allowances

The effects of transporting Holstein Friesian bulls (n=72; bodyweight 403+/-3.5 kg) for 12h by road were examined. Adrenal, haematological and immune responses, body temperature and performance were recorded. The animals had been previously housed for 96 days at three space allowances (1.2, 2.7 or 4.2m(2) per bull). The bulls were allocated to one of two treatments: T (transport for 12h; n=16 per space allowance) and C (control; n=8 per space allowance). Basal cortisol plasma concentrations and interferon (IFN)-gamma production from cultured lymphocytes did not show any statistically significant difference (P>0.05) following the housing period. Removing bulls from their home pens and walking them to the pre-loading crush facility, loading onto the transporter, and unloading following the 12h road journey, significantly (P<0.001) increased plasma cortisol concentration. The bulls housed at 4.2m(2) had greater (P<0.05) plasma cortisol concentrations than bulls housed at 1.2m(2) at loading, unloading, or on return to the crush holding facility; those housed at 1.2m(2) had greater (P<0.05) plasma cortisol concentrations than bulls housed at 2.7 and 4.2m(2) in their home pens after transport. There was an increased (P<0.05) plasma cortisol response in the T than in the C bulls following adrenocorticotrophic hormone administration. Transport significantly reduced (P<0.05) IFN-gamma production, lymphocyte % and body weight and significantly increased (P<0.05) neutrophils, eosinophils, packed cell volume, red blood cell numbers and haemoglobin. In conclusion, housing bulls for 96 days in a range of space allowances did not affect basal cortisol response or immune function parameters. Whereas transport increased plasma cortisol and reduced the immune response in the short-term, the changes were transient and within normal physiological ranges, suggesting that 12h road transport had no adverse effect on welfare status over the longer term. Furthermore, transport of bulls housed at increased space allowance (4.2m(2)/bull) resulted in a greater plasma cortisol response, albeit still within normal physiological range.     

曲靖兔红细胞免疫功能研究及意义

应用红细胞Ｃ３ｂ受体花环试验（Ｃ３ｂＲＲ）和红细胞免疫复合物花环试验（ＩＣＲ）,对曲靖兔红细胞免疫功能进行了研究。结果证实,曲靖兔红细胞表面存在较高的Ｃ３ｂ受体（Ｃ３ｂｒｅｃｅｐｔｏｒ,Ｃ３ｂＲ）,表明红细胞免疫系统（Ｒｅｄｃｅｌｉｍｍｕｎｅｓｙｓｔｅｍ,ＲＣＩＳ）的概念亦适用于这种动物;曲靖兔的ＲＣＩＳ在生理及病理条件下发挥重要的免疫功能。     

犬细小病毒免疫复合物解离试验的研究

以犬细小病毒（ＣＰＶ）做为示范性抗原,以抗犬细小病毒血清（Ａｎｔｉ－ＣＰＶ）做为示范性抗体,制成抗原抗体免疫复合物。探索测定了使犬细小病毒复合物中抗原抗体解离的物理振荡、电解质浓度、缓冲液ｐＨ值及作用温度的解离条件。