红果冬青快繁技术的研究

以红果冬青当年生嫩枝茎段为外植体进行组织快繁试验。结果表明∶红果冬青的最佳诱导培养基为MS+0.2 mg/L NAA+0.9 mg/L BA,增殖培养基为MS+1.5 mg/L BA+0.5 mg/L IBA,生根培养基为1/2MS+1.0 mg/L IBA+0.3 mg/L NAA,生根率达到97.5%。经生根的试管苗移栽于蛭石(V)∶珍珠岩(V)∶泥炭(V)=2∶2∶1混合基质,控制温度20～30℃,相对湿度85%～90%,保湿20～25 d,其间适当遮阴,成活率可达91%。     

几种冬青属植物抗冻能力比较

 选取了11种国内外冬青园艺品种或种, 以其离体叶片为试材, 采用低温循环仪自动降温程序模拟冰冻处理, 用电导法测定相对电导率, 并配以Logistic方程, 计算出各自的半致死温度。试验结果显示11种冬青的抗冻能力由高到低依次为: 龟甲冬青( Ilex crenata var. convexa) 、绿冬青( I. viridis) 、拉索里娜冬青( I. ×altaclerensi‘Lawsoniana’) 、枸骨( I.cornuta) 、冬青( I. chinensis) 、无刺枸骨( I. cornuta var. fortunei) 、金边小叶冬青( I. ×altaclerensis ‘Golden Van Tol’) 、毛冬青( I. pubescens) 、花刺冬青( I. aferox ‘Avgentea’) 、小果冬青( I. micrococca) 和金宝石冬青( I. crenata ‘Golden Gem’) 。在此基础上选出9种冬青树种离体叶片为试材, 作多个低温处理, 测定其可溶性糖和游离脯氨酸含量。结果表明, 随处理温度的降低, 可溶性糖和游离脯氨酸的含量逐渐增加, 低温下可溶性糖和游离脯氨酸的含量仅与部分冬青的抗冻性呈正相关。该研究数据对推测引进新品种的抗冻能力, 为它们的合理应用提供科学依据。     

A new root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne silvestris n. sp. (Nematoda: Meloidogynidae), parasitizing European holly in northern Spain

High infection rates of European holly ( Ilex aquifolium ) feeder roots by an unknown root-knot nematode were found in a holly forest at Arévalo de la Sierra (Soria province) in northern Spain. Holly trees infected by the root-knot nematode showed some decline and low growth. Infected feeder roots were distorted and showed numerous root galls of large (8–10 mm) to moderate (2–3 mm) size. Morphometry, esterase and malate dehydrogenase electrophoretic phenotypes and phylogenetic trees of sequences within the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) demonstrated that this nematode species differs clearly from other previously described root-knot nematodes. Studies of host-parasite relationships showed a typical susceptible reaction in naturally infected European holly plants, but did not reproduce on a number of cultivated plants, including tomato, grapevine, princess-tree and olive. The species is described here, illustrated and named as Meloidogyne silvestris n. sp. The new root-knot nematode can be morphologically distinguished from other Meloidogyne spp. by: (i) roundish perineal pattern, dorsal arch low, with fine, sinuous cuticle striae, lateral fields faintly visible; (ii) female excretory pore level with stylet knobs, or just anterior to them, EP/ST ratio about 0·8; (iii) second-stage juveniles with hemizonid located 1 to 2 annuli anterior to excretory pore and short, sub-digitate tail; and (iv) males with lateral fields composed of four incisures, with areolated outer bands. Phylogenetic trees derived from maximum parsimony analysis based on 18S, ITS1-5·8S-ITS2 and D2–D3 of 28S rDNA showed that M. silvestris n. sp. can be differentiated from all described root-knot nematode species, and it is clearly separated from other species with resemblance in morphology, such as M. ardenensis , M. dunensis and M. lusitanica .     

低糖苦丁茶酸奶加工工艺的优化研究

将苦丁茶进行预处理得到的苦丁茶浸提液用于抗氧化、降血糖功能性酸奶产品的制备。在以苦丁茶浸提液添加量、零卡糖添加量、接菌量、发酵时间为单因素进行试验的基础上,利用正交试验对低糖苦丁茶酸奶加工工艺进行优化。结果表明:在苦丁茶浸提液添加量4%,零卡糖添加量10%(m/V),接菌量0.18%(m/V),发酵时间11 h条件下所制得的酸奶呈乳白色,质地黏稠,有奶皮和乳清形成,香气浓郁,口感顺滑。酸奶总糖含量为0.013 g/mL。本试验为苦丁茶酸奶的工业化生产提供了理论依据。     

苦丁茶组培苗的生根与移栽

正交试验表明 ,苦丁茶组培苗基内生根的主要影响因子是生长素 NAA,其次是培养基中大量元素的含量 ,其合适的生根配方是 1/ 4 MS+2 %蔗糖 +NAA 0 .1～ 0 .2 mg· L-1。加入活性炭反而抵消了 MAA的作用。蛭石是良好的扦插基质 ,用高浓度 NAA短时间处理切口 ,生根又快又好。苦丁茶生根苗移栽成活的关键是杀菌防病并遮阴保湿。以健壮无根苗直接一步移栽入土更简化了快繁工艺。     

苦丁茶香气的化学组成

采用改进的ＳＤＥ装置萃取后应用气相色谱和色－质联用技术,分析了苦丁茶香气的化学提成,结果在苦丁茶精油的１４６个色谱峰中鉴定出９１种化学成分,占该精油总量的８５．９３％,含量较高的十六碳酸,９,１２－十八碳二烯酸,１,２－苯二甲酸二异辛酯,１,２－苯二甲酸双（１－甲基）庚酯,邻苯二甲酸二辛酯,１－甲基－４－（１－甲基乙烯基）环己烯,丁基－羟基甲苯和２－香豆酮。     

基于ITS2序列的秤星树等冬青属8种药用植物的分子鉴别

[目的]建立ITS2区段的秤星树及其同属几种药用植物的分子鉴别方法。[方法]以秤星树等几种药用植物为材料,采用离心柱型试剂盒提取总DNA,采用一对通用引物对ITS2区段进行PCR扩增和测序;HMMer法对测序结果进行注释得到ITS2序列;MEGA软件分析,寻找差异位点,构建系统发生树。[结果]测序后注释得到的秤星树等8种冬青属药用植物ITS2比对序列为254 bp,种间存在85个差异位点。[结论]ITS2区可用于鉴别秤星树与同属几种药用植物。     

低温胁迫对大叶冬青生理特性的影响

通过对不同时间、低温处理对大叶冬青叶片内SOD,CAT等保护酶活性、相对电导率及叶绿素总量、可溶性糖和MDA含量的测定,探讨不同低温处理条件下持续不同时间对大叶冬青生理特性的影响.结果表明,随着胁迫时间的延长,不同低温处理中叶片内MDA含量和相对电导率均呈先升后降又升的变化;叶绿素总量、可溶性糖含量及SOD和CAT活性...     

苦丁茶枯梢病病原菌的研究

首次报道了苦丁茶枯梢病。依病菌的培养性状、形态学特征和寄主专化性，该菌拟为一新的专化型──砖红镰刀菌冬青专化型（ＦｕｓａｒｉｕｍｌａｔｅｒｉｔｉｕｍＮｅｅｓｅｍｅｎｄＳｎｙｄ．ｅｔＨａｎｓ．ｆ．ｓｐ．ｉｌｉｃｉｃｏｌｌａＺ．Ｄ．ＪｉａｎｇｅｔＰ．Ｋ．Ｃｈｉｆ．ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ）。此专化型主要为害苦丁茶，刺伤接种可侵染鸡冠花。     

苦荆茶中多酚类物质的含量测定

应用比色法对苦荆茶(Ilex.sp)中总多酚类物质的含量进行了测定,发现了多酚类物质在不同等级和产地的茶叶中含量存在差异,嫩叶中含量明显高于老叶;在芽叶中多酚类物质含量竟高达9.39%左右,接近普通绿茶中茶多酚的含量,因而推测苦荆茶可能具有抗氧化、抗衰老和延年益寿的功效.