氮离子注入对同源四倍体水稻IR36萌发的影响

通过分析氮离子注入对同源四倍体水稻种子萌发过程中吸水速率、膜透性、淀粉酶活性的影响来研究离子注入四倍体水稻的生理生化效应。结果显示:低剂量范围内(0~2×1016cm-2)N+注入对IR36(4N)存在刺激效应,发芽率、幼芽淀粉酶活性等与对照相比都有所提高。当注入剂量在2×1016~10×1016cm-2范围内,氮离子注入对IR36(4N)种子萌发起抑制作用,表现为种子存活率显著下降、淀粉酶活性下降、膜透性增大。氮离子注入IR36(4N)的适宜诱变剂量大约在6.0×1016~8.0×1016cm-2。     

水稻三系不育系东B11A与菲A所配组合主要性状优势比较

用具东乡野生稻细胞质源的东B11A和具野败细胞质源的菲A(IR58025A)分别与同一组恢复系配组,对杂种F1各性状进行比较试验.结果表明,东B11A在生育期、株高、穗长、每穗粒数、结实率、千粒重、单株粒重和单株秆重等方面的杂种优势比菲A强,而单株穗数比菲A弱;通过分析2个不育系与3个含有粳稻亲缘的恢复系配组结果,进一步表明东B11A比菲A配合力更好,且具有更好的可恢性和更广的恢复谱.讨论了这两个不育系的优缺点,并提出了其利用中的克服和改进方法.     

用光催化氧化法处理驱蚊酯生产中的废水的研究

对用光催化氧化处理驱蚊酯废水的可行性进行了试验研究，探讨了反应时间、催化剂用量及废水溶液初始质量浓度对CODcr去除率的影响．以光催化荆TiO2用量、光照时间、溶液初始质量浓度等为影响因素的正交实验结果表明，原水稀释25倍、光催化剂用量0．47wt%、反应时间120min时CODcr去除率最高，同时研究了催化剂种类对废水降解性能的影响．     

Chemical composition and microstructure of uroliths associated with the feeding of high-level cottonseed meal diet to sheep

The chemical composition and microstructure of five urolith samples (4 bladder stones and one kidney stone) associated with the feeding of high level of cottonseed meal (CSM) diet to Chinese merino fine wool sheep (Junken breed, Xinjiang) were examined by optical microscope, X-ray diffraction, X-ray energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and infrared spectroscopy analysis. The bladder stone samples appeared yellow or white, small powder and loose mass, and as finely granular under the optical microscope. However, the kidney stone samples from a experimental sheep were found as small brown mass, higher hardness, and as a cracklike structure. Oxygen, phosphorus, potassium and magnesium were found as four major elements in these uroliths by X-ray energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS). Potassium magnesium phosphate (MgKPO₄) and potassium magnesium phosphate hexahydrate (MgKPO₄·6H₂O) were major components in the bladder stones, while less magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate (MgNH₄PO₄·6H₂O) examined by X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy analysis. However, the newly found prismatic crystals, which were rich in magnesium and pyrophosphate, were identified as magnesium pyrophosphate (Mg₂P₂O₇) in the kidney stone. The bladder stone samples appeared irregular mass and balls, cracked under SEM with low magnification, while appeared cracked, irregular layer-like, honeycomb-like or tiny balls under high magnification. The kidney stone samples were observed as cone, irregular block or layered crystal structures.     

圣诞树皮中OPC''S提取工艺的初步研究

用乙酸乙酯／水和丙酮／水作溶剂，从圣诞树皮中得到提取物，用化学预示法对提取物中的化学成分类别进行鉴定，主要成分是多酚类物质，按提取方法设计为OPC’S类物质．比较按相同方法提取的圣诞树皮乙酸乙酯／水提取物与黑荆树皮乙酸乙酯／水提取物的IR光谱表明：二者属同类别的物质，因此从圣诞树皮中可提取出OPC’S类物质，其树皮可作为提取OPC’S类天然抗氧化剂的原料．     

2-羟基-4-甲基苯甲酸的合成

选择丙酮为起始原料,与甲酸乙酯进行缩合反应得到第一步反应产物甲酰丙酮;再与乙酰乙酸乙酯缩合合成目标化合物2-羟基-4-甲基苯甲酸.将终产物通过红外光谱、质谱、核磁共振进行检测,综合分析各波谱的检测结果,并与标准图谱进行比较,确定所合成产物为2-羟基-4-甲基苯甲酸.在产物的分离纯化上用pH梯度分离法,简化了合成工艺,得到了较高的产率.     

紫叶水稻IR1552紫叶性状的遗传及其育种利用

IR1552是引自国际水稻研究所的水稻紫叶特异材料,以其分别与不同类型的绿叶籼稻、粳稻品种杂交,研究了紫叶性状的遗传。结果表明,正反交杂种F1代植株叶色均为绿色,以IR1552为母本回交的BC1F1代群体中绿叶株与紫叶株之比为1∶1,而F2代群体中绿叶株与紫叶株之比表现13∶3和55∶9等2种类型,分析认为,该紫叶性状由1对显性基因PL-PL控制,一般绿叶稻品种带有1对紫叶显性抑制基因I-PL-I-PL。以紫叶稻IR1552为供体,经杂交转育成桂紫-1S等多个带紫叶标记的不育系,桂紫-1S生育后期功能叶叶绿素含量高,叶片衰老慢,所配组合叶片功能正常,说明IR1552的紫叶性状对转育成的带紫叶标记的水稻不育系及其杂种F1代的生长势和产量无不良影响,是一理想的紫叶标记供体。     

Brominated Skeletal Components of the Marine Demosponges,Aplysina cavernicola and Ianthella basta: Analytical and Biochemical Investigations

Demosponges possess a skeleton made of a composite material with various organic constituents and/or siliceous spicules. Chitin is an integral part of the skeleton of different sponges of the order Verongida. Moreover, sponges of the order Verongida, such as Aplysina cavernicola or Ianthella basta, are well-known for the biosynthesis of brominated tyrosine derivates, characteristic bioactive natural products. It has been unknown so far whether these compounds are exclusively present in the cellular matrix or whether they may also be incorporated into the chitin-based skeletons. In the present study, we therefore examined the skeletons of A. cavernicola and I. basta with respect to the presence of bromotyrosine metabolites. The chitin-based-skeletons isolated from these sponges indeed contain significant amounts of brominated compounds, which are not easily extractable from the skeletons by common solvents, such as MeOH, as shown by HPLC analyses in combination with NMR and IR spectroscopic measurements. Quantitative potentiometric analyses confirm that the skeleton-associated bromine mainly withstands the MeOH-based extraction. This observation suggests that the respective, but yet unidentified, brominated compounds are strongly bound to the sponge skeletons, possibly by covalent bonding. Moreover, gene fragments of halogenases suggested to be responsible for the incorporation of bromine into organic molecules could be amplified from DNA isolated from sponge samples enriched for sponge-associated bacteria.     

Decorin activates Akt downstream of IGF‐IR and promotes myoblast differentiation

Decorin, a small leucine‐rich proteoglycan, plays an important role in cellular activities through modification of growth factors. It also acts as a signaling molecule to non‐muscle cells through epidermal growth factor receptor or insulin‐like growth factor I receptor (IGF‐IR). However, it is unclear if decorin acts as a signaling molecule to myogenic cells. In this study, we investigated the effect of decorin on the differentiation of myoblasts and the signaling via IGF‐IR to myogenic cells. C2C12 myoblasts cultured in media containing decorin for 72 h showed more extensive formation of multinucleated myotubes than control cells cultured in the same media without decorin. The protein expressions of myogenin and myosin heavy chian were higher in decorn‐treated cells than in control cells. These results suggest that decorin enhances the differentiation of myoblasts. Western blot analysis and immunocytochemistry showed that IGF‐IR was expressed in myoblasts and myotubes. Furthermore, Akt, which is downstream of IGF‐IR, was more phosphorylated in myoblasts cultured in media containing decorin than those in media without decorin. These results suggest that decorin activates Akt downstream of IGF‐IR and enhances the differentiation of myogenic cells.     

Supplemental Chromium Picolinate Promotes Growth of Broiler Chickens by Enhancing Insulin Receptor Gene Expression

Chromium has been recognized for decades as a nutritional factor that promotes the growth of broiler chickens,but the molecular mechanism is still not clearly understood.The present study was designed to investigate the physiological and molecular mechanisms of the effects of supplemental chromium picolinate on the growth of broiler chickens.A total of 144 21-day-old Arbor Acres male broiler chicks were randomly divided into a control and an experimental group.The control group was fed a basal diet,and the experimental group was fed the same basal diet supplemented with 200 μg/kg chromium picolinate.The experiment lasted for three weeks from day 28 to 42 of the birds..Supplementation with 200 μg/kg chromium picolinate significantly increased body weight (P 0.05).Serum insulin levels in chickens of the experimental group were increased significantly (P 0.05),whereas serum glucose concentrations were decreased (P 0.05).No significant changes were observed in serum lipid profiles in chickens fed the diet supplemented with chromium picolinate.Gene expression levels of the insulin receptor (IR) and insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1),two pivotal components of the insulin signaling pathway,were also investigated using Real-time quantitative PCR.IR expression was significantly (P 0.05) increased following chromium supplementation.Therefore,supplemental chromium picolinate had a beneficial effect on the growth of broilers.In agreement with observations in mammals,chromium might exert its effect via potentiating insulin action,and ultimately by stimulating anabolism without altering body composition in chickens.