STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF TETRACETRON SINENSE MWL

The Structural nature of Tctracctron sinense MWL is characterized by means of Chemical analysis.GC,IR,’H NMR and ~C(13) NMR spectra.The researches indicated that the MWL is of guaiacyl—syringyl type.The main connective form between structural units is β—O—4aryl ether bonds.The quantity of β—O—4 and 5—5 substructures is 0.53/C_9 and 0.06/C_9,respectively.The alipatic and phenolic hydroxy contents are respectively.The OCH_3 content is estimated by ~C(13)NMR is spectrum (1.14/C_9),which is con-sistent with chemical method(1.11/C_9) The degree of condensetion of the MWL is 0.51/C_9(from 'HNMR),which is consistent with the result from ~C(13)NMR.     

铜－吡啶类络合物模拟漆酶催化漆酚氧化聚合成膜的红外光谱分析

用红外光谱研究了Ｃｕ－ｐｙ、Ｃｕ－ＰＶＰｙ和Ｃｕ－ＱＰＶＰｙ催化漆酚氧化聚合交联过程。漆酚氧化聚合阶段的共同特征是：１．漆酚酿吸收峰１６５２ｃｒｎ￣－１先涨后落；２．共轭双烯吸收峰９８２和９４５ｃｍ￣－１逐渐减弱，而共轭三烯吸收峰９９２ｃｍ￣－１和芳醚吸收峰１２１５ｃｍ￣－１却逐步增强；３．苯环三取代吸收峰８３０、７６５ｃｍ￣－１都有所减弱，苯环四取代吸收峰８７５和８０５ｃｍ￣－１出现；４．苯环骨架吸收峰１６２０、１５９２ｃｍ￣－１之间的界限缩小甚至消失。到了漆膜的实于阶段，漆酚酿吸收峰１６５２ｃｍ￣－１再度兴起，但９９２ｃｍ￣－１吸收峰却由涨转落，其他吸收峰也有变化。以上光谱变化表明这３种催化剂都模拟了漆酶的催化作用。在Ｃｕ－ＰＶＰｙ催化漆酚氧化聚合阶段，发现孤立双键吸收峰３００８ｃｍ￣－１比共轭双烯吸收峰９８２和９４５ｃｍ￣－１消失得更早；并且从反应一开始就出现了１７１５ｃｍ｀－１羰基吸收峰。还比较了Ｃｕ－ＰＶＰｙ与Ｃｕ－ＱＰＶＰｙ催化的异同。     

Quantitative chromosome map of a representative indica rice

The somatic chromosomes of standard indica diploid rice, IR 36, were squashed on glass slides and stained with Giemsa. The condensation patterns (CP) of prometaphase chromosomes were quantitatively analysed using CHIAS III software. The relative length and centromeric index (CI) were converted from CHIAS III to numerical data and calculated by EXCEL program. The ideogram based on CP of indica rice was established. There were 2 pairs of satellite chromosomes and the result was confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization using 45S rDNA as a probe. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Application of Thermal Aging and Kinetics to Predict the Durability of EPDM Waterproofing Membrane

The characteristics of EPDM waterproofing membrane are analyzed. Due to the effect of heat and oxygen, aging occurs to EPDM waterproofing membrane with a protective layer to some extent. And the decline of mechanical properties and plasticizer migration are particularly outstanding, resulted in a reduction in service life of the material. Unaged and aged samples were tested by SEM and FTIR. Furthermore, by using accelerated thermal aging and thermal analysis kinetic method, mode of EPDM waterproofing membrane between performance indicators and service life under certain conditions was established to predict its service life, which provides technical support for architectural design, building construction and material research.     

化学生物联用技术对稻秆腐熟的影响及红外光谱研究

采用化学生物联用技术对稻田稻秆进行快速腐熟处理．结果表明,稻秆经化学生物联用技术处理7d,腐熟效果明显,稻秆呈深黑色,容易拉断,腐熟味浓,且水体颜色发黑．利用傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)分析表明：稻秆中的酚羟基、醇羟基和甲基的含量增加,脂肪族化合物部分降解,有机态N变成无机态NH4^ 的过程明显,聚合态Si进行了转化,生成无定形SiO2,同时氧化缩合作用增强,芳构化成分增多．腐熟稻秆的结构性变化表明化学生物联用处理技术加速了稻秆的腐殖化进程．     

太湖鹅与皖西白鹅腿肌GHR、IGF-I、IGF-IR和IGFBP-3 mRNA表达及其与屠宰性状相关性分析（英文）

[目的]探讨IGFs系统对鹅骨骼肌生长的影响。[方法]以太湖鹅和皖西白鹅为研究材料,采用荧光定量PCR方法研究鹅70日龄腿肌中GHR、IGF-I、IGF-IR和IGFBP-3 mRNA表达的品种、性别特异性,并与屠宰性能做相关性分析。[结果]结果表明,鹅腿肌GHR、IGF-I、IGFIR和IGFBP-3 mRNA表达没有品种差异性,而体重和腿肌重品种差异显著。体重、腿肌重和腿肌率均无性别差异,除了太湖鹅腿肌IGF-I mRNA表达公鹅显著大于母鹅（P=0.032）,其他3个基因均无性别差异。检测的4个基因中仅IGFBP-3 mRNA表达和腿肌率呈极显著正相关,提示70日龄时IGFs系统可能通过IGFBP-3发挥对鹅腿肌生长的调节作用。[结论]为鹅骨骼肌生长发育研究工作提供理论依据。     

木粉及其组分的多元醇酸催化热化学液化

分别将木粉、纤维素和木质素在乙二醇中进行热化学液化。研究结果表明木粉中纤维素的非结晶区、木质素和半纤维素首先被液化,而纤维素的结晶区较慢被液化,到液化反应中期基本降解完全,液化产率高于97%。利用在线红外光谱仪跟踪检测了整个液化反应过程,结合GC-MS结果发现:乙二醇在反应过程中脱水生成了二甘醇和三甘醇。在液化反应中,纤维素的糖苷键断裂后生成葡萄糖苷结构,随后葡萄糖苷中的吡喃环也被打开,生成的活性中间体相互反应或与乙二醇反应生成了如3-(2-甲基-[1,3]-二氧戊环-2-基)-丙酸乙酯、乙酰丙酸丁酯等酯类;木质素的苯丙烷结构主要降解为苯酚、2,6-甲氧基苯酚等芳香族衍生物,因此木粉液化产物是聚醚/酯混合多元醇。     

Photo interpretation of areas with thin soil cover and bedrock outcrops within forest stands

Data from 16 forest stands were used to assess the accuracy of aerial photo interpretation of areas with thin soil cover and bedrock outcrops. Thin soil cover was defined as soil depth less than 10 cm, including outcrops. The portion of the area with thin soil cover within the stands was interpreted by four experienced persons according to a 4 x 4 Graeco‐Latin square design. IR‐color photographs and panchromatic black‐and‐white photographs at the scales 1:15 000 and 1 :22 000 were used.

The overall differences between photo interpreted portions and the ground reference portions was not significant. According to an analysis of variance, the interpretation results were slightly better for IR‐color film than for the black‐and‐white film (10% level). The effect of scale was far from significant. The effect of stand density was highly significant. Thin soil cover was underestimated in dense stands. In the future, calibration plots with known characteristics should be used in order to achieve successful photo interpretation of areas with thin soil.     

The problem of water hyacinths in rivers and canals

Abstract

The cation exchange capacity (CEC) and content of COOH groups in bulky water hyacinth compost were estimated over the rotting period. The progressive increase observed in the estimates was ascribed to continuing oxidation processes in the composted materials.

Fractionation of organic carbon extracted with Na₄P₂O₇-NaOH from the composted materials over the rotting period on the basis of acid-soluble and -insoluble fractions, was carried out. The carbon of humic-like substances (precipitated at pH 2) in the dry matter was almost stable from 0- to 124-day composted materials. There were successive increases in total acidity, and content of carboxyl and phenolic hydroxyl groups in the humic substance extracts indicating progressive oxidation processes in these substances over the rotting period. Elementary analysis and IR spectra provided fürther support for the above inference and led us to conclude that humification of the water hyacinth consists mainly of structural modification of humic-like substances initially occurring rather than a condensation of simple organic carbon to form high molecular weight material. Such structural modification is dominated by biochemical oxidation and increases in oxygen-containing functional groups. This conclusion is consistent with the view that “humic acids are formed by processes involving oxidation of plant lignin and lignoprotein entering the soil.”     

Marker‐assisted introgression of bacterial blight and blast resistance into IR 58025B,an elite maintainer line of rice

IR 58025A is a very popular wild‐abortive cytoplasmic male sterile (WA‐CMS) line of rice and is extensively used for hybrid rice breeding. However, IR 58025A and many hybrids derived from it possess mild aroma (undesirable in some parts of India) and are highly susceptible to bacterial blight (BB) and blast diseases. To improve IR 58025A for BB and blast resistance, we have introgressed a major dominant gene conferring resistance against BB (i.e. Xa21) and blast (i.e. Pi54) into IR 58025B, the maintainer line of IR 58025A. An introgression line of Samba Mahsuri (i.e. SM2154) possessing Xa21 and Pi54 genes in homozygous condition and fine‐grain type was used as donor parent, and backcross breeding strategy was adopted for targeted introgression of the resistance genes. PCR‐based molecular markers tightly linked to Xa21 and Pi54 were used for selection of BB‐ and blast‐resistant lines, while closely linked markers were used for identification of backcross‐derived plants devoid of Rf4 and aroma. At BC₂F₅, four backcross‐derived lines possessing resistance against BB and blast, devoid of aroma, high yield, short plant stature, long‐slender grain type and with recurrent parent genome recovery ranging from 88.8% to 98.6% were selected and advanced for further evaluation. The improved versions of IR 58025B, viz. SB54‐11‐143‐9‐44‐5, SB54‐11‐143‐9‐44‐98, SB54‐11‐143‐9‐44‐111 and SB54‐11‐143‐9‐44‐171, behaved as perfect maintainers when test‐crossed with WA‐CMS lines. Agronomically superior lines of improved IR 58025B are being converted to CMS line through backcrossing for developing high‐yielding and biotic stress‐resistant rice hybrids.