成都平原稻田持续高产高效种植制度的定位研究

本文通过六年定位试验，从生产能力、经济效益及对土壤理化性状的影响几方面进行分析，探讨不同种植制度的产量水平、经济效益和稳产性。综合分析结果看出：成都平原稻田麦稻晚秋，油、稻晚秋轮作方式有利于改善土壤理化性状，提高土壤肥力，实现持续高产高效，是本区较优良的持续高产高效种植制度；在目前一年二熟制为主的情况下，应大力开发利用晚秋资源，提高稻田综合效益；增种一季晚秋作物有利于后茬小麦增产，对减轻小麦连作障碍有显著作用，油菜、小麦连作都会导致土壤理化性状恶化、作物产量降低。     

钾营养对稻体内铁含量和生理效应的影响

本文通过田间对比和水培模拟不同亚铁浓度里加钾素肥的试验,结果表明:在还原条件下增施钾肥后,能明显地降低水稻体内亚铁和活性铁的含量,白根数目增多、根系氧化力提高、叶片光合强度增强、稻体内蛋白氮增加,非蛋白氮减少,促进了稻体内代谢的平衡,有效地防了亚铁的中毒。     

不同氮素水平下水稻幼苗营养的研究

本试验用砂培法研究了水稻在不同氮素水平下幼苗的生长、养分的吸收、胚乳的消耗等,结果如下:1、第1叶期幼苗即对外源养分有较大量的吸收,且随供氮水平提高,吸氮增多,吸磷、钾减少;2、外源养分及适当的供氮水平明显地提高了1叶后的根系生长和干物质积累速度,幼苗生长势良好;3、供外源养分时,粳稻离乳叶龄增大,而对糯稻无影响;4,幼苗期的外源氮素浓度以40—80ppm为佳,且施肥时间应在1叶期左右,高氮(120ppm)是不利的。     

鹅观草、大麦及其属间杂种赤霉病抗性研究初报

本文对鹅观草Ｒ．ｔｓｕｋｕｓｈｉｅｎｓｉｓｖａｒ．ｔｒａｎｓｉｅｎｓ、大麦Ｈ．ｖｕｌｇａｒｅ以及它们的属间杂种进行了赤霉病抗性鉴定，结果表明：鹅观草的病情指数为４３．８，反应型为Ⅰ，高抗麦类赤霉病；栽培二棱大麦的病情指数为９６．２，反应型为Ⅳ，易感赤霉病；杂种Ｆ１的病情指数为７２．８，反应型为Ⅱ，较抗赤霉病。说明鹅观草的抗赤霉病基因在杂种中得到部分表达。本文还探讨了在大麦育种中利用鹅观草抗赤霉病种质的可能性。     

不同温度处理对有色米糙米着色程度的影响

有色米品种红米赤糯、黑米朝紫在不同温度处理中 ,以温度高、昼夜温差大的处理单穴糙米产量最高。对糙米着色程度的影响表现为 :高温使红米赤糯糙米着色程度加深 ,而黑米朝紫相反 ,低温使其糙米着色程度加深 ,高温不利于着色     

杂交水稻新组合区域试验中产量稳定性探讨

对杂交水稻新组合的区试资料进行了初步分析,认为1、D优10号丰产性好、适应性强;2.杂交水稻产量与其稳定性参数bi间相关性不显著(V·bi=0.293);3.杂交水稻产量的稳定性似与其有效穗数相关联,且可能与其主要农艺性状在不同环境条件下变化的协调性有关。     

中国的再生稻研究(综述)

本文综述了中国再生稻研究的主要成果。包括：再生稻的遗传育种、再生稻的生理生态，再生稻的生产技术．     

水稻旱育高产栽培研究初报

本文研究了日本水稻旱育秧与本地水育秧栽培技术不同移栽叶龄对秧苗素质和产量的影响。结果表明：３．５叶移栽的旱育秧亩产３６８．４ｋｇ，比同期移栽的水育秧亩增４７．７ｋｇ，经方差分析差异达到极显著水平，旱育秧根系发达白根多，秧苗矮健，分孽早，低位分蘖多，有效穗增加，穗大粒多，成熟期提早１至３天，社会经济效益好。     

高秆隐性水稻Grlc株高的遗传研究

用高秆隐性籼稻Grlc与4个矮籼、粳亲本杂亲,运用正反交6个群体组配设计,分析Grlc株高在各世代的遗传表现,结果:(1)籼籼、籼粳交F_1株高均低于中亲、近于矮亲值,表现矮秆,Grcl高秆性状呈负向优势,完全隐性;(2)广义遗传力显著但狭义遗传力估计值均不显著;(3)Galc/南京_(11)株高表现受一对隐性主效基因控制,存在极显著的加性、显性、显性×显性效应,胞质负效应不显著;(4)Grlc/02428、香雪粳、D_1株高表现受一对或二对以上隐性主效基因控制,并受微效多基因或修饰基因的影响,存在极显著的加性—显性—上位性、加性—上位性和加性效应,Grlc/香雪粳存在极显著的胞质负效应。上述结果,从遗传理论上展示选育高秆隐性恢复系、进一步提高杂交水稻制种产量,克服籼粳交F_1倒伏问题是可能的。     

Genetic interaction between rice PLASTOCHRON genes and the gibberellin pathway in leaf development

Background

The rice PLASTOCHRON (PLA) genes PLA1 and PLA2 regulate leaf maturation and the temporal pattern of leaf initiation. Although the function of PLA genes in the leaf initiation process has been analyzed, little is known about how they affect leaf growth. Previously, we suggested that PLA1 and PLA2 function downstream of the gibberellin (GA) signal transduction pathway. In the present study, we examined the phenotype of a double mutant of pla and slender rice 1 (slr1), which is a constitutive GA response mutant. By analyzing these double mutants, we discuss the relationship between PLA-related and GA-dependent pathways and the possible function of PLA genes in leaf growth.

Findings

Single slr1 and pla mutants exhibited elongated and dwarf phenotypes in the vegetative stage, respectively. The stature and leaf size of the pla1/slr1 and pla2/slr1 double mutants were intermediate between those of the pla and slr1 single mutants. However, the effects of slr1 on leaf elongation were markedly suppressed in the pla1 and pla2 mutant backgrounds. On the other hand, the change in cell length in the double mutants was almost the same as that in the single mutants. An expression analysis of genes involved in GA biosynthesis and catabolism indicated that feedback regulation functioned normally in the pla/slr1 double mutants.

Conclusions

Our genetic results confirm that PLA genes regulate leaf growth downstream of the GA pathway. Our findings also suggest that PLA1 and PLA2 are partly required for GA-dependent leaf elongation, mainly by affecting cellular proliferation.