基于GF-1影像的普达措国家公园森林地上生物量遥感估算

精确估算森林地上生物量有利于掌握森林资源碳储量的分布特征,该研究以普达措国家公园为研究区,基于国产高分一号（GF-1）全色多光谱（Panchromatic Multispectral Sensor,PMS）卫星影像和数字高程数据,提取波段信息、植被指数、纹理信息和地形因子,利用多元线性逐步回归、支持向量机、神经网络和随机森林模型,估算森林地上生物量。研究结果表明,基于GF-1影像构建的随机森林模型的精度效果最佳,决定系数为0.77,均方根误差为27.53 t/hm2;普达措国家公园森林地上生物量为7 085 614 t,平均生物量达136.01 t/hm2,表明公园内寒温性针叶林发育完好;海拔>3 500～4 000 m区域森林生物量平均值最高,为126.56 t/hm2,与生态保护目标分布范围相符;不同坡向生物量存在差异,阴坡和半阴坡平均生物量高出其他坡向20.48%,立地条件较优。研究结果证实基于GF-1优化的生物量经验模型具有对亚高山天然林地上生物量的估算潜力,对区域森林资源的有效科学管理和维护森林生态环境具有重要意义。     

池蝶蚌与三角帆蚌及其杂种F1的同工酶鉴别

通过对外来种池蝶蚌(C)、三角帆蚌(S)及其正反杂种F1的肝脏同工酶进行垂直板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,分析了肝脏的SOD和EST同工酶谱带。结果表明,这两种蚌及其正反杂种F1同工酶的表达既呈现出一些相似的特征,又有明显差异。这四种蚌中分别有2~5个SOD位点,其中SOD-1为一强带且仅见于F1SC中,SOD-2在F1SC中为强带,但在F1CS中较弱,而其双亲中则无该带;SOD-3为一强带均保守的见于四种蚌中,SOD-4为一强带但仅在杂种F1SC中无表达,SOD-5为一强带但仅在池蝶蚌中未检到;在两亲本与其杂种F1中分别检测到4~6个EST同工酶位点,其中EST-4仅见于杂种F1SC中,EST-5在杂种F1CS中无表达,其余均有不同强弱的表达。     

菜用大豆品种新大粒1号选育及高产栽培技术

菜用大豆(Glycine max)是中国南方的主要豆类蔬菜之一,近几年随着人们对豆类蔬菜的喜爱,其种植面积日益扩大。目前南方地区普遍缺少高产、大粒菜用大豆新品种及高产栽培技术。新大粒1号是江苏省农业科学院蔬菜研究所最新选育的夏播菜用大豆新品种,2010年12月通过江苏省鉴定,现就该品种的选育过程、主要特征特性、高产栽培技术作一介绍,供广大科技工作者参考。     

拒盐型牧草小花碱茅PutHKT2；1基因表达模式分析

本研究以拒盐型盐生牧草小花碱茅(Puccinellia tenuiflora)为材料,采用RT PCR方法对小花碱茅PutHKT2;1基因表达模式进行研究,以期阐明其在盐胁迫下拒Na+的分子机制。结果表明,PutHKT2;1基因表达存在组织特异性,主要在根中表达,地上部表达量相对较低;K+饥饿处理条件下,在根中的表达量最高;在1 mmol·L-1 K+或无K+条件下,根中PutHKT2;1表达量随着盐浓度的增大而减少。由此推断,PutHKT2;1蛋白主要在根部发挥作用,主要用于控制Na+吸收,增强K+选择性吸收能力,从而维持地上部较高的K+/Na+,提高其耐盐性。     

Seasonal atopic dermatitis in dogs sensitive to a major allergen of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) pollen

Three dogs were examined because of episodes of recurrent pruritic dermatitis in the spring, the season of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica, CJ) pollination in Japan. The dogs were shown to be sensitive to CJ pollen allergen using intradermal testing and antigen-specific IgE measurement. Fluorometric enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) showed increased concentrations of IgE specific to Cry j 1 and a negative result for Cry j 2 in the three dogs. The concentrations of IgE specific to Cry j 1 during the season of CJ pollination were higher than the concentrations found during the off-season in all the dogs, and the variation in the concentrations correlated with the variation in clinical signs. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells showed apparent proliferative responses to crude CJ pollen antigen and Cry j 1 during CJ pollination season. These findings indicated that Cry j 1 was the major allergen recognized by IgE and lymphocytes and resulted in the development of type I hypersensitivity to CJ pollen allergen in these atopic dogs.     

小麦NPR1-like基因的克隆及赤霉菌诱导下的表达分析

AtNPR1是拟南芥系统获得性抗病反应中的关键基因,对拟南芥的广谱抗性起重要调控作用。从赤霉菌诱导的小麦抗、感赤霉病近等基因系RNA差异表达谱中获得3个与AtNPR1类似的EST片段,据此检索相应序列信息并设计引物,采用RT-PCR方法从小麦中克隆得到3个cDNA全长序列,分别命名为TaNPR1、TaNPR2和TaNPR3,其开放阅读框分别编码580、607和601个氨基酸残基。序列分析表明,这3个小麦NPR1-like蛋白都含有保守的BTB/POZ、ANK和NPR1_like_C结构域及功能氨基酸,但仅TaNPR1具有2个对NPR1寡聚体形成十分必要的保守半胱氨酸残基。蛋白质聚类分析表明,TaNPR1与TaNPR2和TaNPR3的同源性均较低,其中TaNPR1与NPR1蛋白聚为一类,而TaNPR2和TaNPR3均与NPR1同源蛋白聚为一类。荧光定量PCR分析结果显示,TaNPR1、TaNPR2和TaNPR3基因都可被植物抗病相关信号分子水杨酸和茉莉酸甲酯诱导。与感病材料Apogee相比,抗病近等基因系Apogee73S2中TaNPR1和TaNPR3能够更早地响应赤霉菌的诱导并显著上调表达;而TaNPR2在感、抗材料中对赤霉菌侵染的响应都较为缓慢且变化不明显。这些结果表明,TaNPR1和TaNPR3可能在小麦对赤霉菌的防御反应中起重要作用。     

Lack of haplotype structuring for two candidate genes for trypanotolerance in cattle

Bovine trypanotolerance is a heritable trait associated to the ability of the individuals to control parasitaemia and anaemia. The INHBA (BTA4) and TICAM1 (BTA7) genes are strong candidates for trypanotolerance‐related traits. The coding sequence of both genes (3951 bp in total) were analysed in a panel including 79 Asian, African and European cattle (Bos taurus and B. indicus) to identify naturally occurring polymorphisms on both genes. In general, the genetic diversity was low. Nineteen of the 33 mutations identified were found just one time. Seventeen different haplotypes were defined for the TICAM1 gene, and 9 and 12 were defined for the exon 1 and the exon 2 of the INHBA gene, respectively. There was no clear separation between cattle groups. The most frequent haplotypes identified in West African taurine samples were also identified in other cattle groups including Asian zebu and European cattle. Phylogenetic trees and principal component analysis confirmed that divergence among the cattle groups analysed was poor, particularly for the INHBA sequences. The European cattle subset had the lowest values of haplotype diversity for both the exon1 (monomorphic) and the exon2 (0.077 ± 0.066) of the INHBA gene. Neutrality tests, in general, did not suggest that the analysed genes were under positive selection. The assessed scenario would be consistent with the identification of recent mutations in evolutionary terms.     

Apo-9′-Fucoxanthinone,Isolated from Sargassum muticum,Inhibits CpG-Induced Inflammatory Response by Attenuating the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway

Sargassum muticum (S. muticum) is a brown edible alga and widely distributed in Korea. This report was designed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory properties of apo-9′-fucoxanthinone (APO-9′) isolated from S. muticum on pro-inflammatory cytokine production. S. muticum extract (SME) exhibited significant inhibitory effects on pro-inflammatory cytokine production in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) and dendritic cells (BMDCs). APO-9′ pre-treatment in the CpG DNA-stimulated BMDMs and BMDCs showed a strong dose-dependent inhibitory effect on interleukin (IL)-12 p40, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α production with IC₅₀ values ranging from 5.31 to 13.79. It exhibited a strong inhibitory effect on the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and on activator protein (AP)-1 reporter activity. APO-9′ pre-treatment exhibited significant inhibition of CpG DNA-induced production of inducible nitric oxide synthase. Taken together, these data suggest that SME and APO-9′ have a significant anti-inflammatory property and warrant further studies concerning the potentials of SME and APO-9′ for medicinal use.     

ω-黑麦碱基因表达缺失的1BL/1RS易位系种质创新

1BL/1RS易位系是小麦育种的重要亲本,但1RS Sec-1位点表达的ω-黑麦碱是导致小麦加工品质不佳的重要因素。为消除ω-黑麦碱的不良影响,进一步挖掘1BL/1RS易位系的育种潜力,本研究利用低能N+离子束处理1BL/1RS易位系小麦干种子,利用醇溶蛋白酸性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(A-PAGE)筛选ω-黑麦碱表达缺失突变株系,1RS染色体特异引物鉴定携带1RS染色体的突变株系,结果共创制出9个ω-黑麦碱基因Sec-1位点表达缺失的新的1BL/1RS易位系种质。农艺性状和品质性状分析结果表明,这些1BL/1RS易位系新种质的籽粒蛋白含量、面筋指数、稳定时间等加工品质性状显著提高,株高、穗数、千粒重等农艺性状无显著变化。ω-黑麦碱表达缺失突变体的育成为培育优质抗逆小麦品种提供了新的方法。     

云纹石斑鱼(♀)×七带石斑鱼(♂)杂交子一代胚胎发育及仔稚幼鱼形态学观察

以云纹石斑鱼(Epinephelus moara)♀为母本,七带石斑鱼(E.septemfasciatus)♂为父本进行种间远缘杂交,系统观察了杂交子一代胚胎及仔稚幼鱼的生长发育及形态特征。对杂交子一代的胚胎发育按卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠胚期、神经胚期和器官形成期各阶段进行观察,在水温21～22.5℃、盐度29、pH 8～8.1的海水中,整个胚胎发育过程经35 h 20min完成。根据在卵黄囊期、第二背鳍棘和腹鳍棘生长消退过程、鳞片生长、体表色素变化的不同,观察比较了胚后发育的仔鱼期、稚鱼期、幼鱼期形态特征。鱼苗培育至58 d后完成了稚鱼至幼鱼的变态:初孵仔鱼4 d以前为内源性营养(卵黄囊仔鱼);4 d后开口摄食,为外源性营养;(42±2)d基本完成变态进入稚鱼阶段,(58±4)d全身被鳞,进入幼鱼期。同时,用同一母本(云纹石斑鱼)同批卵与同种雄鱼采集的精子授精后获得的受精卵作为对照组,进行孵化和仔稚幼鱼培育,与杂交子一代进行比较,结果发现杂交子一代在仔稚幼鱼阶段生长速度快于云纹石斑鱼,与七带石斑鱼相近。