RESEARCH PAPER: Incidence of elevation of cardiac troponin I prior to and following routine general anaesthesia in dogs

ObjectiveTo estimate the incidence of raised cTnI after general anaesthesia in dogs and to explore major risk factors influencing this.Study designProspective clinical study.AnimalsA total of 107 (ASA physical status 1?2) dogs, 63% male and 37% female, median age 5 years (range 0.3–13.4), median weight 24.4 kg (range 4.2–66.5 kg) undergoing anaesthesia for clinical purposes.MethodsVenous blood samples were taken within 24 hours prior to induction and 24 hours after the termination of anaesthesia. Serum concentrations of cardiac troponin I were measured using a chemiluminescent enzyme immunometric assay with a lower level of detection of 0.20 ng mL^?1 (below this level <0.20 ng mL^?1). Continuous data were assessed graphically for normality and paired and unpaired data compared with the Wilcoxon signed ranks and Mann–Whitney U‐tests respectively. Categorical data were compared with the Chi squared or Fisher’s exact test as appropriate (p < 0.05).ResultsOf the 107 dogs recruited, 100 had pre‐ and post‐anaesthetic cTnI measured. The median pre‐anaesthesia cTnI was ‘<0.20’ ng mL^?1 (range ‘<0.20’–0.43 ng mL^?1) and the median increase from pre‐anaesthesia level was 0.00 ng mL^?1 (range ?0.12 to 0.61 ng mL^?1). Fourteen dogs had increased cTnI after anaesthesia relative to pre‐anaesthesia (14%, 95% CI 7.2–20.8%, range of increase 0.03–0.61 ng mL^?1). Six animals had cTnI levels that decreased (range 0.02–0.12 ng mL^?1). Older dogs were more likely to have increased cTnI prior to anaesthesia (OR = 5.32, 95% CI 1.35–21.0, p = 0.007) and dogs 8 years and over were 3.6 times as likely to have an increased cTnI after anaesthesia (95% CI 1.1–12.4, p = 0.028).Conclusion and clinical relevanceIncreased cTnI after anaesthesia relative to pre‐anaesthesia levels was observed in a number of apparently healthy dogs undergoing routine anaesthesia.     

Human metabolism of atrazine

Atrazine (ATZ) metabolism by human liver microsomes (HLM), cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms, and human liver (HL) S9 fractions, was investigated using HPLC/PDA and LC/MS/MS. CYP-dependent metabolites from pooled HLM are desethylatrazine (DEA), desisopropylatrazine (DIA), 1-hydroxyisopropylatrazine (HIATZ), and 2-hydroxyethyl atrazine (HEATZ). DEA and DIA were major metabolites in pooled HLM. CYP1A2 and 2C19, respectively, were major isoforms for DEA and DIA production. CYP3A4, while less active, is generally at high concentrations, produces both DEA and DIA and is significant. The percent total normalized rates (%TNR) for CYP1A2 and 3A4 in pooled HLM were 63% and 24% for DEA, and 35% and 56% for DIA production. Single donor HLM samples, showed correlations for CYP1A2 (r = 0.92) and 3A4 (r = 0.81) for DEA and DIA production, while variations in production of DEA and DIA were 8.5- and 6.0-fold, respectively. Pooled S9 fractions also mediate glutathione conjugation of atrazine, DEA and DIA.     

草鱼eIF-5A的克隆、组织表达和进化分析

【目的】克隆和鉴定草鱼(Ctenopharyngodonidella)的eIF-5A基因,并分析其组织表达和适应性进化。【方法】在克隆草鱼eIF-5A全长cDNA的基础上,利用ORF finder、SMART等在线软件对草鱼eIF-5A的分子特征进行分析,并利用PAML 3.15软件包中的密码子替换模型检测eIF-5A的分子适应性进化;RT-PCR分析eIF-5A在草鱼心、脑、肌肉、鳃、脾、肝、肠、肾等组织中的本底表达和Poly I:C诱导表达。【结果】草鱼eIF-5A全长cDNA为2 249 bp,其中包含5′非编码区41 bp,3′非编码区1 743 bp;最大开放阅读框为465 bp,编码1个由155个氨基酸残基组成的蛋白质;草鱼eIF-5A分子质量为16.856 ku,等电点pI为5.18,N端含有eIF-5A家族共有的羧腐胺赖氨酸,C端包含一段富含亮氨酸的结构域。草鱼eIF-5A与人及其他动物具有较高的同源性,只有少数氨基酸残基发生替换;适应性进化分析也表明,eIF-5A不但具有结构的保守性,还具有功能的保守性;eIF-5A在草鱼心、脑、肌肉、鳃、脾、肝、肠、肾等组织中恒量表达,并且其表达不因Poly I:C的诱导而发生变化。【结论】eIF-5A是一类与细胞分裂和分化密切相关的蛋白质,在生物体中具有多种剪切体,提示eIF-5A对维持细胞生存非常重要;鉴定的草鱼eIF-5A为eIF-5A1,而非eIF-5A2。     

Herpesviruses and immunity: The art of evasion

Herpesviruses have evolved several effective strategies to counter the host immune response. Chief among these is inhibition of the host MHC class I antigen processing and presentation pathway, thereby reducing the presentation of virus-derived epitopes on the surface of the infected cell. This review summarizes the mechanisms used by herpesviruses to achieve this goal, including shut-down of MHC class I molecule synthesis, blockage of proteasome-mediated peptide generation and prevention of TAP-mediated peptide transport. Furthermore, herpesvirus proteins can retain MHC class I molecules in the endoplasmic reticulum, or direct their retrograde translocation from the endoplasmic reticulum or endocytosis from the plasma membrane, with subsequent degradation. The resulting down-regulation of cell surface MHC class I peptide complexes thwarts the ability of cytotoxic T lymphocytes to recognize and eliminate virus-infected cells. The subversion of the natural killer cell response by herpesvirus proteins and microRNAs is also discussed.     

晋西黄土区不同地类降雨-坡面径流关系研究

利用径流小区研究黄土区坡面降雨—径流关系,对探讨该区水土流失规律、构建基于坡面的水文模型具有重要意义。文中利用布设在山西吉县森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站的径流小区,对不同地类的产流特征进行了观测研究。研究得出:在坡面尺度上不同地类的径流系数、洪峰流量差异显著;各地类对地表径流的拦截率分别为:由山杨、辽东栎等树种组成的次生林96%、刺槐人工林95%、灌木林88%、荒草地61%、油松人工林41%;各地类对洪峰流量的消减率分别为:次生林94%、刺槐林92%、灌木林82%、荒草地66%、油松林49%;在同一地类上径流系数与雨强的关系具有季节变化性;径流系数与雨强呈指数关系;在雨强相同条件下,春秋季节的降雨比夏季更易形成地表径流;洪峰流量与I30或I10的呈指数关系,但I30与洪峰流量的关系优于I10。     

快速检测大豆疫霉菌的酶联免疫吸附技术研究

利用已经制备的大豆疫霉菌的抗血清，对大豆疫霉菌的纯培养和大豆病组织进行检测。结果表明：间接法（Ｉ－ＥＬＩＳＡ）和夹心法（ＤＡＳ－ＥＬＩＳＡ）都能较好地检测纯培养的大豆疫霉菌，但在检测病组织时，夹心ＥＬＩＳＡ的特异性较强，能够可靠地检测到大豆病组织内的病原菌     

双氯醇胺对肥育猪脂肪与蛋白质代谢的影响

用添加10、15和20mg/kg双氯醇胺的饲粮饲喂“杜长大”肥育猪,均导致了试验猪背部皮下脂肪还原性辅酶Ⅱ(NADPH,下同)生成酶活性降低,其中以15mg/kg剂量组最为明显,分别使苹果酸脱氢酶活性降低35％(P<0.01),葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶活性降低55％(P<0.05),异柠檬酸脱氢酶降低63％(P<0.05);此外,双氯醇胺还使屠宰后30天肌蛋白的降解速度明显减慢。血清生化指标测定结果表明:双氯醇胺(15mg/kg)使血清尿氮浓度降低25％(P<0.05),血清胆固醇下降22％(P<0.05)。由上述结果推测:双氯醇胺通过减少脂肪合成,抑制肌肉蛋白质降解和促进蛋白氮利用发挥其营养再分配作用。     

二狼山白山羊遗传性甲状腺肿发病机理及诊断研究——Ⅲ.甲状腺功能测定

本实验对内蒙古二狼山白山羊遗传性甲状腺肿(Inherited goitre,IHG)杂合子羊进行了甲状腺吸~(131)碘率测定;对IHG纯合子羊和杂合子羊进行了血清总T_3(TT_3)、总T_4(TT_4)、反T_3(rT_3)、游离甲状腺激素指数(FTI)以及促甲状腺激素(TSH)等甲状腺功能参数测定.结果表明,IHG杂合子羊的甲状腺吸~(131)碘率及吸~(131)碘速率降低(P<0.01);IHG纯合子羊和杂合子羊的血清TT_3、TT_4、FT_3I及FT_4I均显著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01),而TSH显著升高(P<0.01).据此认为,这些甲状腺功能参数(特别是TT_3和FT_3I)的改变,是山羊IHG的生化表型特征,可用于IHG基因群体中杂合子携带羊的检出.