锰中毒对鸡肝脏细胞色素P450酶系及CYP2H1 mRNA转录水平的影响

本研究旨在探讨锰对公鸡肝脏细胞色素P450酶系的影响。50日龄海兰褐公鸡400只,随机分为4组,分别在饲料中添加0、600、900、1 800 mg.kg-1MnCl2建立亚慢性锰中毒模型,于30、60、90 d采取肝脏检测肝微粒体细胞色素P450酶系活性以及CYP2H1基因转录水平的变化。结果显示,细胞色素P450、b5含量,氨基吡啉-N-脱甲基酶(AND)和苯胺-4-羟化酶(AH)活性在各个时间点随染锰剂量的增加,基本呈降低趋势,且高剂量组均极显著(P0.01)低于正常组,低、中剂量组有高于正常组的情况。NADPH-细胞色素C还原酶(CR)和红霉素-N-脱甲基酶(ERND)的活性的变化规律不明显,30和60 d NADPH-细胞色素C还原酶活性呈降低趋势,而90 d时呈升高趋势,且高剂量组极显著(P0.01)高于正常组。红霉素-N-脱甲基酶在30 d时呈升高趋势,60和90 d时呈波动性降低变化,且高剂量组均极显著(P0.01)低于正常组。在各个时间点,CYP2H1 mRNA的转录水平除30 d低、高剂量组,60 d中剂量组,90 d低剂量组高于正常组外,其他组均低于正常组。结果提示,锰中毒可影响鸡肝脏细胞色素P450酶系以及CYP2H1 mRNA的转录水平。     

H3N2亚型猪流感病毒HA1、HA2基因的原核表达及抗原性分析

血凝素（hemagglutinin,HA）蛋白是猪流感病毒（swine influenza virus,SIV）的一个重要蛋白,在疾病预防和治疗中具有重要作用。本试验旨在克隆和表达H3N2亚型猪流感病毒A/swine/Henan/1/2010（H3N2）的HA1和HA2基因。用含有H3N2亚型SIV的鸡胚尿囊液提取RNA,RT-PCR扩增后将目的基因定向克隆到pET-28a（+）原核表达载体上,并将其转入宿主菌BL21（DE3）pLyS进行表达,IPTG诱导后经SDS-PAGE检测并用该病毒重组HA蛋白制备的特异性单克隆抗体1C10作为一抗对两种蛋白进行Western blotting分析。SDS-PAGE结果显示,得到HA1和HA2大小分别为34.8、23.2 ku的重组蛋白,Western blotting结果表明,HA1蛋白与1C10单克隆抗体具有良好的反应原性,且1C10单克隆抗体表位在HA1蛋白上。本试验结果为进一步研究血凝素蛋白的结构和功能,以及建立快速诊断方法和基因工程疫苗提供材料。     

番鸭呼肠孤病毒和H9亚型禽流感病毒共感染对番鸭法氏囊和抗体产生的影响

为探讨番鸭呼肠孤病毒(MDRV)和H9亚型禽流感病毒(H9 AIV)共感染对番鸭法氏囊免疫应答能力的影响,本研究将MDRV或/和H9 AIV人工感染8日龄番鸭,观察法氏囊病理组织学变化,检测法氏囊B细胞增殖能力及RE-5 AIV疫苗免疫后抗体变化规律.结果显示:H9 AIV感染组番鸭发病率低(10％),无死亡,法氏囊无病理变化,显著抑制番鸭法氏囊细胞增殖反应;MDRV感染番鸭发病率70％,死亡率40％,生长迟缓,法氏囊病理变化为萎缩,淋巴细胞减少,局部出现范围较小的坏死灶,番鸭法氏囊细胞增殖反应下降;共感染组番鸭发病率100％,死亡率80％,番鸭生长迟缓,法氏囊萎缩和淋巴细胞增殖反应下降程度均比单一病毒感染组严重.病毒感染使番鸭对RE-5 AIV疫苗免疫应答能力明显下降,其共感染组抑制抗体应答程度最严重;共感染组的病毒检出时间早于并且检出率大于单一病毒感染组.表明MDRV与H9 AIV共感染在番鸭免疫应答抑制方面有协同作用.     

重组高产H1N1亚型猪流感疫苗株的构建与鉴定

为制备一株猪流感灭活疫苗的候选毒株,本研究利用反向遗传学技术,将A/swine/Guangdong/1/11(H1N1)毒株的HA、NA基因和A/PR/8/34毒株的PB2、PB1、PA、NP、M、NS基因进行重组,成功拯救出鸡胚高度适应性毒株rH1N1。抗原性分析显示rH1N1保留了亲本毒株良好的抗原性。rH1N1接种10日龄鸡胚48 h后,血凝价达到210,表明该毒株能在鸡胚中高水平复制。该毒株为H1N1亚型猪流感灭活疫苗的研制奠定了坚实的物质基础。     

Pathogenicity of a Strain of H5N6 Subtype Avian Influenza Virus in Ducks and Mice

To investigate the pathogenicity of A/Hero/Guangdong/C1/2013(H5N6), an AIV strain isolated from Heron on ducks and mice, pathogenicity of this new virus strain and changing of histopathology as well as a preliminary study on its biological characteristics were studied by virus challenges test via intranasal and eye-drop and in chicken via jugular vein injection.Results showed that the EID₅₀ of this strain of virus was 10^-8.16/0.1 mL in embryonated chicken eggs and the intravenous inoculation of pathogenic index (IVPI) was 2.76.In ducks and mice, the 50% lethal doses (LD₅₀) of it were determined to be 10^-4.0/0.2 mL and 10^-4.67/0.05 mL, respectively.Symptoms of infection included loss of appetite, depression, swollen head and tears after being infected with 10⁶ EID₅₀ per duck by intranasal and eye-drop administration.Most of ducks died 4 to 7 days post-infection, liver, lung and kidney still eliminated toxicants at day 7 post-infection.Anatomy showed symptoms of pericardial effusion, pulmonary congestion and kidney enlargement, while pathological section showed pathological change like karyopycnosis and inflammatory cell infiltration in heart, liver, kidney and spleen.Mice developed symptoms of infection like loss of appetite, depression, shaggy coat and ruffled coat after being infected with 5×10⁵ EID₅₀ per mouse by intranasal and eye-drop administration.Most of the infected mice died 5 to 7 days post-infection and only liver still eliminated toxicants at day 7 post-infection.Although organ anatomy showed no obvious pathological changes, pathological section showed pathological changes like karyopycnosis and inflammatory cell infiltration in heart, kidney and lung.Our research demonstrated that this H5N6 subtype AIV had a strong pathogenicity and could be defined as a highly pathogenic AIV strain as its IVPI was greater than 1.2.Our work laid a theory foundation for study, prevention and control of H5N6 subtype AIV.     

H9N2亚型禽流感流行现状

低致病性禽流感主要是由H9N2亚型禽流感病毒所引起,近几年在世界上许多国家都暴发了H9N2亚型禽流感疫情.研究表明,H9N2亚型禽流感病毒在陆禽中至少可分为北美和欧亚两个种系,该病毒在自然环境中很容易发生变异,通过混合基因组分而形成不同的病毒亚型.H9N2亚型禽流感病毒已经能传播至哺乳动物,包括猪和人类,从而引发对其是...     

鸭源H5亚型禽流感全禽源分子标记疫苗候选株的构建

为了开发用于南方水禽且适合血清学监测的H5亚型禽流感疫苗,作者通过反向遗传技术,删除A/mallard/Huadong/S/2005(H5N1,S株)病毒HA编码多碱性氨基酸序列,使之成为低致病特征,分别与A/duck/England/1/1956(H11N6,E株)和A/Chicken/Shanghi/F/98(H9N2,F株)的NA组合,再以本室禽源高产病毒F株的6个内部片段为骨架,构建全部基因都来自禽流感的疫苗株.成功拯救出2株重组病毒,分别命名为rH5N6/F和rH5N2/F,并引入分子标记N6和N2.重组病毒在鸡胚和MDCK细胞上均具有较好的繁殖能力,且rH5N6/F更适合在鸡胚中生产,对SPF鸡和鸡胚无致病性.重组病毒在clade2.3.4毒株中具有很好的抗原代表性,引入的分子标记有利于血清学监测的区分,为防控水禽H5亚型禽流感提供了良好的疫苗候选株.     

Potential as an aerosol vaccine of an improved Newcastle disease vaccine derived from the LaSota strain—II. In vivo studies

Aerosol administrations of RIT 4030 and other available vaccine strains have been carried out in SPF and in conventional chickens. The results indicate that the RIT 4030 and Ulster 2C strains are significantly less reactogenic than the LaSota and the Hitchner B1 strains.The RIT 4030 strain produces an immune response even when administered to chickens with maternal antibodies and induces a better protection to challenge than the Ulster 2C strain.The replication of the RIT 4030 strain in the respiratory tract will be discussed with respect to its attenuation and transmissibility.     

猪粪中除臭微生物的筛选和鉴定

用感官法初筛出20株菌株,再通过定性复筛试验,最后从猪粪便中共分离出5株除臭微生物,都具有很强的除臭效果,其中假单孢菌属(ZY-1)氨气的去除率高达47.70%,巴氏芽孢杆菌(WJ-2)硫化氢的去除率高达62.5%,显示出这类细菌在猪场粪便的处理过程中具有良好的应用前景。