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21.
高盐对缢蛏生长存活、Na+/K+-ATPase活性及能量代谢相关指标的影响 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
以缢蛏(Sinonovacula constricta)为研究对象,设置养殖周期为60 d的对照组(20)和高盐组(30)比较实验,分别在0、10、30和60 d进行取样,检测高盐对缢蛏生长存活、鳃组织Na+/K+-ATPase(NKA)活性及肝胰腺和血清能量代谢相关指标的影响。结果表明,高盐组缢蛏在30~60 d的养殖时间段内存活率为45.1%±2.9%,壳长、壳宽、壳高和体质量特定生长率分别为0.15%/d、0.17%/d、0.13%/d和0.61%/d,均显著低于对照组。各时间点高盐组NKA活性均显著低于对照组。10和60 d时对照组缢蛏肝胰腺己糖激酶(HK)活性显著高于高盐组,血清中葡萄糖(GLU)含量、乳酸(LA)含量和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性也显著高于高盐组,高盐组缢蛏无氧代谢水平低于对照组。30 d时高盐组血清中GLU含量、LA含量和LDH活性显著高于对照组,高盐组缢蛏无氧代谢水平高于对照组。0、10和30 d时高盐组肝胰腺琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)活性显著高于对照组,高盐胁迫下缢蛏需氧代谢水平上升。研究表明:长期高盐养殖下,缢蛏仍能保持一定的存活率和生长速度;高盐影响了缢蛏的渗透调节和能量代谢,渗透调节增加了其能量消耗。本研究为进一步培育缢蛏耐高盐新品系提供了参考资料。 相似文献
22.
Steffen S. Madsen 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1990,8(1):45-52
The effect of cortisol on osmoregulatory parameters was studied in rainbow trout, (Salmo gairdneri), kept in freshwater (FW) and/or transferred to seawater (SW). Repeated injections of 20 μg cortisol/g fish stimulated gill
and gut Na+/K+-ATPase activity and reduced plasma Na+ and Cl− levels after 2 weeks of treatment in FW-adapted fish. Cortisol doses of 0.05 and 1.0 μg/g were without effect. Repeated injections
of 10 μg cortisol/g stimulated gill Na+/K+-ATPase activity and reduced plasma Na+ and Cl− levels in fish in FW, and significantly improved ion regulation after their transfer to 28SW. Higher doses of cortisol (10
and 20 μg/g) induced hyperglycemia, whereas low doses (0.05 and 1.0 μg/g were without effect or induced hypoglycemia. Plasma
glucose levels decreased in cortisol-treated fish transferred to SW, whereas transient hyperglycemia was seen in the control
fish. 相似文献
23.
以水体甲基汞不同浓度(μg/L)分别染毒鲤鱼24小时和1周。实验结果表明:在浓度高于50μg/L染毒24小时和浓度20μg/L染毒1周时,多数染毒鱼的血浆K+和Mg2+浓度增高,Na+和Cl-浓度下降,PO3-4值变化不明显。血浆Ca2+浓度仅在200μg/L染毒24小时和高于40μg/L染毒1周时,染毒鱼的血浆Ca2+出现极显著下降。甲基汞量高于100μg/L染毒24小时和80μg/L染毒1周,染毒鱼的血浆渗透压呈明显下降趋势。鳃线粒体Na+-K+-ATPase活性仅在染毒24小时浓度为25μg/L和50μg/L剂量时受到抑制。甲基汞还引起了血糖含量的明显增高。 相似文献
24.
25.
Steffen S. Madsen Stephen D. McCormick Graham Young Jeanette S. Endersen Richard S. Nishioka Howard A. Bern 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1994,13(1):1-11
Several experiments were performed to investigate the physiology of seawater acclimation in the striped bass, Morone saxatilis. Transfer of fish from fresh water (FW) to seawater (SW; 31–32 ppt) induced only a minimal disturbance of osmotic homeostasis.
Ambient salinity did not affect plasma thyroxine, but plasma cortisol remained elevated for 24h after SW transfer. Gill and
opercular membrane chloride cell density and Na+,K+-ATPase activity were relatively high and unaffected by salinity. Average chloride cell size, however, was slightly increased
(16%) in SW-acclimated fish. Gill succinate dehydrogenase activity was higher in SW-acclimated fish than in FW fish. Kidney
Na+, K+-ATPase activity was slightly lower (16%) in SW fish than in FW fish. Posterior intestinal Na+,K+-ATPase activity and water transport capacity (Jv) did not change upon SW transfer, whereas middle intestinal Na+,K+-ATPase activity increased 35% after transfer and was correlated with an increase in Jv (110%). As salinity induced only minor changes in the osmoregulatory organs examined, it is proposed that the intrinsic euryhalinity
of the striped bass may be related to a high degree of “preparedness” for hypoosmoregulation that is uncommon among teleosts
studied to data. 相似文献
26.
Stephen D. McCormick Christopher D. Moyes James S. Ballantyne 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1989,6(4):243-254
The effect of seawater acclimation and adaptation to various salinities on the energetics of gill and kidney of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) was examined. Smolts and non-smolts previously reared in fresh water were exposed to a rapid increase in salinity to 30 ppt. Plasma osmolarity, [Na+], [Cl–], [K+] and [Mg++] increased in both groups but were significantly lower in smolts than non-smolts. Gill Na+, K+-ATPase specific activity, initially higher in smolts, increased in both groups after 18 days in seawater. Kidney Na+, K+-ATPase specific activity was not affected by salinity in either group. Gill and kidney citrate synthase specific activity was not affected by seawater exposure in smolts but decreased in non-smolts. In a second experiment, Atlantic salmon smolts reared in fresh water were acclimated to 0, 10 or 30 ppt seawater for 3 months at a temperature of 13–14°C. Gill Na+, K+-ATPase was positively correlated with salinity, displaying 2.5- and 5-fold higher specific activity at 10 and 30 ppt, respectively, than at 0 ppt. Kidney Na+, K+-ATPase specific activity was not significantly affected by environmental salinity. Citrate synthase and cytochrome c oxidase specific activities in gill were slightly (6–13%) lower at 10 ppt than at 0 and 30 ppt, whereas kidney activities were lowest at 30 ppt. Oxygen consumption of isolated gill filaments was significantly higher when incubated in isosmotic saline and at 30 ppt than at 0 ppt, but was not affected by the prior acclimation salinity. The results indicate that although high salinity induces increased gill Na+, K+-ATPase activity, it does not induce substantial increases in metabolic capacity of gill or kidney. 相似文献
27.
A. Rodríguez M.A. Gallardo E. Gisbert S. Santilari A. Ibarz J. Sánchez F. Castelló-Orvay 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2002,26(4):345-354
The osmoregulation capabilities of juvenile Siberian sturgeon exposed to three experimental osmolalities (22, 250 and 387 mOsmol kg−1) were studied over a 45-day period. Growth performance, haematological parameters, ion concentrations, gill and spiral valve
Na+-K+-ATPase activities, as well as gill and spiral valve histology, were measured. At the end of the period, the plasma osmolality
of fish kept in 250 and 387 mOsmol kg−1 was higher than that of fish kept in 22 mOsmol kg−1. Similar trends were observed in electrolyte concentrations. Spiral valve and gill Na+-K+-ATPase activity varied with exposure time and environmental salinity. Shortly after being transferred to hyperosmotic media,
spiral valve Na+-K+-ATPase activity fell, while gill Na+-K+-ATPase activity remained constant. At the end of the experiment, gill Na+-K+-ATPase activities in fish kept in isosmotic and hyperosmotic media had increased in comparison to those of the control fish.
Moreover, spiral valve Na+-K+-ATPase activities recovered and were similar to those recorded in fish kept in hyposmotic environments. Although some of
the morpho-physiological mechanisms were operational in juvenile Siberian sturgeon in their adaptation to hyperosmotic media,
fish cannot be considered hyperosmotic regulators as they were unable to maintain their plasma osmolality and electrolyte
equilibrium in salinities higher than 250 mOsmol kg−1. This suggests that the culture of juvenile Siberian sturgeon in brackish environments is unlikely to be successful. However,
our data indicate that in natural environments, juvenile Siberian sturgeon in migratory populations (Ob and Lena Rivers) would
be able to migrate successfully into estuarine brackish grounds with a salinity of up to 9%.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
28.
低磷胁迫条件下小麦光合特性的基因型差异 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
对低磷胁迫条件下不同磷效率小麦基因型光合特性的有关参数进行了研究。结果表明,胁迫条件下磷高效基因和磷低效基因型旗叶的叶绿素含量、Ca^2 /Mg^2 -ATPase活性和RuBP羧化酶活性等光合特性参数都有所降低。与对照相比,磷高效基因型81(85)旗叶光合特性各参数的降低幅度较小,磷低效基因型Ne37的降低幅度较大,相关分析表明,磷利用效率与上述光合特性参数之间均呈正相关,尤其与旗叶全殿1-14d时RuBP羧化酶活性,Ca^2 -ATPase活性和叶绿素含量作为筛选磷高效基因型的指标。 相似文献
29.
[目的]研究接种固氮菌对甘蔗组培苗氮营养生理特性的影响。[方法]将2种内生固氮菌B16L与B8R接种到甘蔗栽培品种G16、R16与R22的组培苗中,研究这些组培苗的氮营养生理特性的变化。[结果]于分蘖期和拔节期的测定结果表明,R16与R22+1叶的叶绿素含量、Ca2+-ATP酶活性处理均大于对照,G16+1叶的Ca2+-ATP酶活性处理低于对照。相对于分蘖期,拔节期不同品种的处理与对照的+1叶的叶绿素含量、Ca2+-ATP酶活性都有所升高。不同品种的处理与对照+1叶的硝态氮含量没有规律变化。[结论]接种内生固氮菌改善了R16与R22健康组培苗的一些氮营养生理特性,但对G16的影响不大。 相似文献
30.
渗透胁迫调节基因--Na+/H+ Antiporter基因与植物耐盐性 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Na+/H+ Antiporter基因与植物耐盐性密切相关,其编码产物Na+/H+逆向转运蛋白通过Na+ 外排和Na+ 区隔化来维持植物细胞内较低的Na+ 水平,降低Na+的毒害,从而对植物的耐盐性起重要作用. 相似文献