Research Progress of Effect of Oxidative Stress on Broiler and its Mitigation Technology

Oxidative stress is ubiquitous in livestock and poultry production.When the body is in the situation of harmful stimulation in vitro or in vivo,the oxidation system and antioxidant system are in a state of imbalance,leading to metabolic disorders,which depresses the growth and development of animals,decreases disease resistance and quality of livestock products seriously,and has a negative impact on the production and health of livestock and poultry.So it is important to find an effective measure to alleviate the health of livestock and poultry.Lipoic acid,tea polyphenol,VE and other antioxidants play significant roles in reducing oxidative stress.In this paper,the effects of oxidative stress on broiler and mitigation technology research were outlined.     

赴美国肉牛规模化生产技术考察团考察报告（二）——释惑美国肉牛生产技术之妙

美国是世界肉牛业最发达的国家之一,其肉牛产业链较健全、组织化程度较高。美国的肉牛品种有100多个,但常用的只有10个左右,其中,安格斯牛占全关登记注册种牛的40％。美国有95％的肉牛进行本交,只有5％的肉牛开展人工授精;商品牛群充分利用杂交优势来提高经济利益。美国在肉牛育肥方式上特别是高能量饲料和高蛋白饲料的应用上是非常科学合理的。     

基因编辑技术及其在家畜生产中的应用

基因编辑技术是一类对目的基因进行靶向改变的现代生物技术,因其具有修饰效率高、特异性强、无物种限制等特点,得到了广泛的关注和应用.文章综述了4种基因编辑技术及其在家畜育种、生产性状改良、生物模型构建、优质饲草培育与供应等方面的研究与应用情况,并对该技术的应用前景进行了展望.     

超声波技术在养牛业上的应用

超声波是频率高于20000 Hz的声波,在传播过程中具有方向性好、功率大、穿透性强,会引起空化作用等特点。作者结合超声波原理及其在传播过程中的特性,着重分析探讨了超声波在现代养牛业仪器清洗、繁殖监控和疾病诊断、活体肉质性状检测中的应用,并对其在未来的发展进行了展望。     

桑叶中黄酮化合物的提取工艺及不同品种不同时期的含量变化

探讨了不同单因子对桑叶中黄酮成分浸提效果的影响。用80%乙醇作溶剂,原料质量浓度50.00 g/L,于70℃、pH 8的条件下浸提3 h并抽提2次的提取效果较好。以毛细管电泳仪测定、分析了不同品种、不同时期桑叶中的芦丁、槲皮素等成分,湖桑9001叶片中的芦丁含量高,湖桑32号的槲皮素含量高,10月份采摘桑叶中的芦丁和槲皮素的含量最高。芦丁、槲皮素等成分在桑叶中的动态变化:以10 mmol/L磷酸二氢钠-20 mmol/L的硼砂溶液(pH 8.62)作缓冲液,在25℃,20 kV的压力下电泳,245 nm波长处检测,线性关系良好,在8 m in内完全分离。     

中药常山中常山碱超声提取工艺研究

采用稀盐酸溶剂和超声提取的组合方法从中药常山中分离常山碱,用紫外-可见分光光度计测定常山碱含量;以浸膏重量和常山碱含量作为评价指标,应用正交设计法考察提取温度、料液比和提取时间三个因素对常山碱提取率的影响。结果表明,常山碱超声提取最佳工艺：提取温度50℃,料液比1"5,提取时间1 h;在此条件下,浸膏重量为0．513 g,其中常山碱含量为0．453％,同比常山饮片中常山碱含量提高了40倍以上;三个因素对常山碱提取率的影响：提取温度＞料液比＞提取时间。说明常山碱采用超声提取工艺切实可行,具有省时、操作简便和提取率高等优点。     

分段式补料批次发酵对凝结芽孢杆菌发酵水平的影响

试验采用分段式补料批次发酵技术对1株畜禽用凝结芽孢杆菌的发酵水平进行了研究,对数期补料促使菌体量大量积累,稳定期补料促进芽孢大量形成,从而达到高菌体量和高芽孢率的目的。试验结果表明,对数期补加淀粉量为总淀粉量的10%,豆粉和鱼粉(质量比为2:1)补加量为总豆粉和鱼粉量(质量比为2:1)的5%,补加方式为2次等量补加(间歇10～12 h),发酵水平由分批发酵6.80×10⁹ CFU/mL提高到8.30×10⁹ CFU/mL;稳定期最佳补料浓度为0.10 g/L碳酸钙、0.156 g/L磷酸二氢钠、0.30 g/L蛋氨酸,最佳补料方式为1次性补加,经稳定期补料优化,芽孢率由分批发酵的75.78%提高到85.63%。因此,采用分段式补料批次发酵技术能够进一步提升发酵液的菌体数和芽孢率。     

Ultrasonographic anatomy of reproductive female leopard geckos (Eublepharis macularius)

Captive leopard geckos (Eublepharis macularius) often present to the exotic clinic for gastrointestinal impactions, follicular stasis, or dystocia. To our knowledge, normal ultrasonographic anatomy of these lizards has not been described. The objectives of this prospective, anatomic, analytical study were to develop ultrasound techniques for this species and to describe the normal sonographic anatomy of the head, coelomic cavity, and tail. Eleven, healthy, female leopard geckos were included. A linear array 13–18 MHz transducer was used. Geckos were sedated and restrained in dorsal recumbency for coelomic structure examination and in ventral recumbency for head and tail examinations. Sagittal and transverse images were acquired and authors recorded qualitative and quantitative ultrasonographic characteristics of anatomic structures. The ventral surface of the lungs, liver, gallbladder, caudal vena cava, portal vein, ventral abdominal vein, aorta, ovarian follicles, fat bodies, tail, and brain were visualized in 10 of 11 individuals. In one individual, molt precluded ultrasonographic examination. The heart, kidneys, urinary bladder, spleen, and pancreas were not visualized. The digestive tract was observed in 10 individuals but was too small to be measured. Findings from the current study could be used as a reference for future studies of leopard geckos.     

基于3S技术的野生动物生境研究进展

3S技术可快速、准确、实时地获取、处理空间信息,具有极大的应用价值。该文介绍了3S技术在研究野生动物生境格局、生境破碎化、生境因子特性、生境分析模型建立、生境评价等诸多方面中的应用,综合了近年来的最新研究进展,并探讨了今后3S技术在野生动物生境研究中的应用前景。     

噬菌体抗体库技术研究进展

噬菌体抗体库技术是利用PCR扩增出抗体的全套可变区基因,将抗体分子DNA片断如Fab或单链抗体(ScFv)与噬菌体外壳蛋白基因PⅢ或PVⅢ连接,使融合蛋白表达于噬菌体颗粒的表面,经过“吸附-洗脱-扩增”过程富集筛选特异性抗体。这一技术将抗体基因型和表型联系在一起,使识别抗原的能力和噬菌体的可扩增性统一起来,较好的模拟了体内的抗体产生的过程,成为一种高效的筛选体系。本文就噬菌体抗体库技术的原理、构建、筛选及其应用研究进展做一综述。