茄子新品种‘川茄2号’

 ‘川茄2号’茄子为杂种一代，生长势旺盛，果实长棒形，平均单果质量120～130 g。果皮紫黑色，有光泽。果肉月白色，籽少，商品性好。早熟。早期产量高，总产量一般为4 300 kg/hm²。耐寒性较强，适宜露地和保护地早熟栽培。     

小白菜新品种京绿7号的选育

京绿7号是由来源于上海和北京的两个地方品种选择的自交不亲和系Y134和Y105杂交而成。植株半直立,株高24cm,开展度37cm;叶深绿色、有光泽,叶面稍皱,叶柄绿色、有光泽、宽5.7cm、厚1.0cm;单株质量0.25kg左右,每667m2产量2400kg左右;高抗黑腐病,抗病毒病、黑斑病,晚抽薹性极强,适宜北方地区冬春季栽培。     

Fragrance heritability in Hybrid Tea roses

Most of the Hybrid Tea roses that are sold as cut flowers are non-scented, despite the long-standing interest of the perfume industry to rose scent. In the absence of comprehensive knowledge on the genetic and biochemistry of volatile biosynthesis in roses, we decided to characterize a Hybrid Tea progeny obtained from parents that emit very different scents. First, we identified the 11 most abundant volatile compounds synthesized by the progeny, and a short review is given for each one that describes their occurrence in the genus Rosa, in the parents and the studied progeny. We have then used statistical analysis on the distribution of volatiles among individual progeny members to unveil the laws of segregation of the scent traits in this cross. As a general rule, the quantity and quality of volatile compounds was lower in the progeny members. Variations in scent quality were mostly linked to the quantity of monoterpenes that was present. Offsprings emitting a pleasant fragrance were, in practice, found to be rare.     

不同复种方式下作物的粗蛋白和可消化干物质总产量比较

在南京对6种不同复种方式下作物的营养物质产量进行了比较研究,结果表明:多花黑麦草Lolium multiflorum粗蛋白总产量和可消化干物质总产量分别是小麦Triticum eastivum的1.45倍和1.26倍;杂交狼尾草Pennisetum americanum×P.purpureum粗蛋白总产量和可消化干物质总产量平均值分别是水稻Oryza sativa的2.06倍和1.61倍;6种复种方式中,粗蛋白总产量和可消化干物质总产量以多花黑麦草-杂交狼尾草为最高,黑麦Secale cereal-杂交狼尾草其次.集约农区发展草食性畜禽养殖业以二季均种植牧草效率较高.     

Hybrid detection and characterization of Curcuma spp. using sequence characterized DNA markers

The tropical flower Curcuma alismatifolia of the family Zingiberaceae is widely valued as a cut flower and potted plant due to its range of vibrant colors and large long-lasting inflorescences. Much of this diversity has been cultivated through extensive hybridization of wild varieties since hybrids often exhibit dramatic phenotypic differences from the parents. This phenotypic diversity though has led to difficulties identifying and classifying the relatedness of Curcuma varieties particularly between hybrids. One Curcuma variety called ‘Patumma’ is of particular importance since it has strong stalks, large symmetric inflorescences, is moderately resistant to fungal blight, has a high yield, and has been used to produce numerous high quality hybrids. Since Patumma is one of the key Curcuma varieties from which many hybrid crosses and induced mutation varieties were developed, we chose it as a target to be characterized using a molecular marker. Starting with a set of 11 unique decamer primers, polymorphic bands ranging from 100 to 2500 base pairs were used to examine 20 Curcuma varieties from which banding patterns of interest were selected for conversion to the more reproducible and robust sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers. In particular, one SCAR marker amplified a region 600 bp in length which was conserved in all Patumma varieties and hybrids and as an independent test did not amplify an additional series of 24 distinct Curcuma varieties. Since new varieties of Curcuma are often dissimilar from their progenitors, this genomic analysis allows a cost-effective morphologically independent characterization of Curcuma hybrids.     

杂交狼尾草生育特性研究

研究了杭州生态条件下移栽杂交狼尾草的生育特性,试验表明,杂交狼尾草平均每叶展开需积温前３叶为７５．９℃、９叶至２０叶为６２．３℃;４叶１心开始分蘖;单株干物质积累高峰期出现地拔节后,茎叶粗蛋白含量随生育期而下降;重施拔节肥是高产优质的关键,根茎安全越冬应保持地温在１０℃以上。     

杂种酸模不同品系生物学特性观察

选育的杂种酸模９７－１新品系与原杂种酸模鲁梅克斯ｋ－１比较,９７－１品系叶长生长１．５ ｃｍ ／ｄ,原品系０．９６ ｃｍ ／ｄ;叶宽分别为０．４４１ ｃｍ ／ｄ、０．３３６ ｃｍ ／ｄ;茎生长分别为７．７１ｃｍ ／ｄ、４．７３ ｃｍ ／ｄ。观察结果表明,９７－１品系生长速度快,在叶长、叶宽、生物学产量上明显高于原品系,两品系间差异显著。     

施肥对饲草高粱生长及营养品质的影响

研究施用氮、磷,钾肥对饲草高粱生长及营养品质动态的影响结果表明,氮肥、磷肥和钾肥配合施用可大幅提高饲草高粱生物产量,增加饲草高粱植株粗蛋白质、粗纤维和粗脂肪的单位面积产出量;氮素是影响高粱生物产量的首要养分因素,其次为磷素,第三是钾素;饲草高粱植株高度以及粗蛋白质、粗纤维和粗脂肪含量的变化规律,主要取决于品种特性;施肥主要通过影响饲草高粱生物产量,对饲草高粱植株粗蛋白质、粗纤维和粗脂肪的单位面积产出量产生作用.从饲草高粱的生物产量和品质综合考虑,确定饲草高粱的适宜收割期,以开花末期至成熟中期之间为宜,过早收割饲草高粱生物产量较低,过晚收割则饲草高粱生物产量较低且品质变劣.     

黄芽白与红菜薹杂种后代的细胞遗传学特征

将白菜型油菜不同栽培种‘红菜薹’和‘黄芽白’进行正反交获得杂种一代,再经过多代自交获得高世代杂种。观察杂种后代形态学特征(叶型、株高、分枝数等）、育性特征（花粉育性、自交结实率）和花粉母细胞减数分裂染色体行为特征。结果表明经过多代自交,杂种后代各性状趋于稳定,正反交杂种形态有较大差异,而高世代杂种与杂种一代相比,形态没有明显变化。杂种后代花粉育性和自交结实率都比较高,花粉可育率均达到90%以上,但与双亲相比仍然稍差。杂种后代花粉母细胞减数分裂比较正常,但仍有少数细胞出现异常染色体行为。杂种后代减数分裂终变期染色体联会主要以形成环状和棒状的二价体为主,但也形成四价体等其他染色体构型。杂种后代中平均形成二价体的数目在6.7～8.2,最多全部20条染色体形成10个二价体,其中形成环状二价体和棒状二价体的比例相差不大。除了形成二价体外,部分花粉母细胞还形成少数四价体。与亲本相比,杂种后代染色体联会出现较多的非同源联会,平均每个细胞形成二价体的数目比亲本少,而形成四价体的数目比亲本多。在减数分裂后期Ⅰ,同源染色体分开并移向细胞两极,减数分裂后期Ⅱ,染色单体分开最终形成四分体。在此过程中,绝大多细胞染色体行为正常,但有个别细胞出现后期Ⅰ染色体不均等分离,有些细胞同源染色体分开时形成染色体桥;有些细胞在减数分裂Ⅱ中期和后期出现落后染色体。此杂种后代减数分裂过程较正常,探明杂种后代的减数分裂特征可为白菜型油菜杂交育种提供理论依据。     

杂交粳稻13.5t hm~(-2)超高产群体动态特征及形成机制的探讨

选用杂交粳稻甬优8号,以国家粮食丰产工程兴化、姜堰实施基地1.0hm2连片与6.67hm2连片超高产攻关方为依托,研究了13.5thm-2超高产群体特征,并探讨了群体形成机制。结果表明,较之12.0thm-2左右群体,13.5thm-2群体的穗型大,群体颖花量多(60000×104hm-2以上),有效穗数、结实率和千粒重与之相当;群体茎蘖于生育前期稳步增长,至有效分蘖临界叶龄期达适宜穗数,高峰苗出现在拔节期,数量少,为预期穗数的1.3倍左右,此后群体平缓下降,至抽穗期达适宜穗数,成穗率高(75%);群体叶面积指数前期增长相对较缓慢,最大值出现在孕穗期,为8.5左右,此后下降缓慢,成熟期仍保持在4.0以上;群体光合势生育前期较小,中、后期较大,总光合势为675×104m2dhm-2以上,抽穗至成熟期的光合势占总光合势的45.0%以上;群体拔节前干物质积累速度相对较缓、积累量略低,拔节后积累速度较快,至抽穗期群体生物量为13.5thm-2以上,抽穗后积累量亦高,一般为9.75thm-2以上,总干物重高达23.25thm-2以上。13.5thm-2超高产群体形成机制为,依靠精苗,发大蘖,及时够苗,提高够苗期群体质量(有效分蘖临界叶龄期),为中期高质量群体结构的培育奠定生物学基础;依靠合理的群体动态及其规模,培育适宜数量的壮秆大穗,于抽穗期形成具有强抗倒力和巨量安全库容的高光效群体;依靠平稳消退的光合系统,提高抽穗后群体光合物质生产力,增大群体库容的总充实量,并维持较大的茎鞘强度,增强群体的安全抗倒力。