金龟子绿僵菌CQMa421对棉蚜、绿盲蝽的田间防效

棉花是我国重要的经济作物, 虫害严重制约了棉花生产, 造成棉农的经济损失。目前, 化学杀虫剂仍是防治棉花虫害的主要手段, 长期使用化学杀虫剂导致棉蚜Aphis gossypii、绿盲蝽Apolygus lucorum产生抗药性, 降低防治效果。本研究使用80亿孢子/mL金龟子绿僵菌CQMa421可分散油悬浮剂防治棉蚜、绿盲蝽, 室内生测结果表明, 金龟子绿僵菌CQMa421能有效侵染棉蚜和绿盲蝽, 随着浓度的升高, 对棉蚜和绿盲蝽的毒力增强。〖JP+2〗田间试验结果表明, 该药剂能有效控制棉花主要害虫棉蚜和绿盲蝽。采用1 200 mL/hm2用量, 药后14 d对棉蚜的防效达94.42%; 采用1 350 mL/hm2用量, 药后14 d对绿盲蝽的防效分别达到87.25%(新疆), 91.62%(湖北)。     

火龙果杂交实生苗快速繁育技术研究

以杂交得到的红皮红肉型火龙果自然成熟果实的种子为外植体,进行改良的组织快繁实验,筛选适宜的培养基、激素浓度配比,并对组培苗进行了移栽。结果显示,萌芽诱导培养1/2MS NAA0.3 mg/L。实生苗增殖培养MS 6-BA5.0 mg/L NAA0.3 mg/L,增殖系数可达,且芽生长势强,质量好。子叶二次萌芽培养1/2MS 6-BA1.5 mg/L,生根培养1/2MS NAA0.3mg/L IBA0.3 mg/L,生根率达95%。炼苗后7天的幼苗移栽至处理好的苗床上,20天后成活率达96%以上。     

中晚熟粒用高粱不同组合杂交种的筛选

为选育优质中晚熟粒用高粱新材料,本试验采用单因素随机区组设计,以4份不同杂交组合高粱亲本为试验材料,分析不同组合杂交种的生育期、农艺性状及产量性状的差异,筛选最佳的中晚熟粒用高粱组合.高粱组合杂交种的生育期存在差异,但相差不大,生育期最长的高粱组合23A×014-52,生育期为134天,生育期最短的高粱组合147A×0...     

适于新疆长绒棉的综合机采栽培技术

新疆长绒棉品质优良,在提高我国纺织产品档次、增强行业竞争力方面发挥了重要作用.为了更好地指导新疆长绒棉机采种植,课题组在集成前人对长绒棉优质高效高产栽培技术以及机采棉高效综合栽培技术基础上,结合长绒棉机采种植的特殊要求,提出了机采长绒棉品种要求、机采种植管理技术要点和脱叶采收技术要点,总结形成了适于新疆长绒棉的综合机采...     

新型保铃剂防治棉花烂铃的效应

应用新型保铃剂进行了防治棉花烂铃的效果试验.结果表明,在棉花生长盛期,用新型保铃剂进行多次叶面喷施,结合科学栽培管理措施,可以起到防治烂铃、增加产量的效果,与不用保铃荆的处理相比,烂铃减少13%,产量增加16%;在每公顷密度15 000株、氮肥用量450 kg的情况下,配合喷施新型保铃剂的互作效应最好,烂铃最多减少42%,产量最多增加17%.     

杂交棉叶片衰老特点及高产生理机制研究

在大田条件下,研究了杂交棉生育后期主茎倒3叶的衰老、抗衰老生理指标及叶片光合性能的变化特点.结果表明,豫杂35和中棉29与中棉19相比较,主茎叶的叶绿素含量高,随叶龄增加下降慢;叶片生长前期气孔导度大,生长后期叶片中SOD和POD活性高、MDA含量低、PSⅡ实际光化学效率(ФPSⅡ)大,光合速率高而且随叶龄增加下降缓慢.3个品种的最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)和实际光化学效率(ФPSⅡ)的日变化均表现为倒抛物线型,但是豫杂35和中棉29的日变化曲线平缓、中午下降幅度小,对强光利用能力强.     

长江流域发展机采棉的现状与展望

分析了目前国际国内形势复杂变化的情况下,发展长江流域机采棉产业的现状和必要性,明确了长江流域发展机采棉的优势,分析了机采棉推广面临的问题与挑战,探讨了长江流域机采棉发展的战略。对以下几个方面提出合理化建议：长江流域机采棉发展区域化优化布局;充分利用本区域冬闲田发展小麦、油菜作物;在长江流域两湖（洞庭湖、鄱阳湖）两江（长江、汉江）近700000 hm2滩涂旱地宜棉区扩大种植棉油（麦）双直播双机采;形成以棉增油、棉油双稳的格局。     

油-棉连作棉田油菜秸秆覆盖对棉田杂草发生及土壤杂草种子库的动态影响

在安徽省沿江棉区开展了油菜秸秆覆盖对棉田杂草发生、棉花生长及土壤杂草种子库影响的研究。结果表明,随着油菜秸秆覆盖量的增加,对棉田杂草的抑制效果增强。与未覆盖秸秆且不除草处理相比较,7000Kg/hm²秸秆覆盖量处理棉花单株铃数和子棉产量显著提高。7000Kg/hm²秸秆覆盖量处理在覆盖后30d、60d和120d逐步减少0-20cm土层杂草种子库密度,与全程除草剂处理较一致;随着覆盖量减少,对0-20cm土层杂草种子库密度降低幅度减小。全程除草剂处理降低0-5cm土层杂草种子库多样性,而油菜秸秆覆盖则可能增加0-5cm土层的杂草种子库多样性。3500Kg/hm²覆盖量+秸秆覆盖30d后喷施除草剂处理的抑草效果和增产效果与全程除草剂处理一致。因此,在安徽省沿江棉区油-棉连作棉田推荐使用3500Kg/hm²油菜秸秆覆盖量+秸秆覆盖30d后喷施除草剂。     

One-time fertilization at first flowering improves lint yield and dry matter partitioning in late planted short-season cotton

Cotton producers have substantially reduced their inputs(labor, nutrients, and management) mainly by adopting a shortseason cropping management that is characterized by late sowing, high density, and reduced fertilization with one-time application at the first bloom stage without lint yield reduction. However, it has been hypothesized that one-time fertilization at an earlier growth stage could be a more effective and economic management practice. A two-year field experiment was conducted by applying five fertilizer one-time fertilization at 0(FT1), 5(FT2), 10(FT3), 15(FT4), and 20(FT5) days after the first flower appeared in the field and one three-split fertilizer application taken as the conventional control(FT6), making six treatments altogether. Cotton growth period, biomass accumulation, yield, and its formation were quantified. The results showed that the one-time fertilization did not affect the cotton growth progress as compared to FT6, however, the total crop cycles for FT3–FT5 were 3 days shorter. FT1 produced the highest cotton lint yield(1 396 kg ha–1), which was similar to the FT6 but higher than the other treatments, and could be attributed to more bolls per unit area and higher lint percentage. Cotton yield was positively correlated with cotton plant biomass accumulated. FT1 had both the highest average(VT)(193.7 kg ha–1 d–1) and the highest maximum(VM)(220.9 kg ha–1 d–1) rates during the fast biomass accumulation period. These results suggest that one-time fertilizer application at the first flower stage might be an adjustment that is more effective than at first bloom, and allowed for easier decision making for application date due to non counting of plants with flowers is needed.     

河套地区种植方式与密度对'张杂谷19号'产量的影响

为明确河套地区不同栽培模式对'张杂谷19号'产量的影响,以新抗旱谷子杂交种'张杂谷19号'为试验材料,研究3种种植方式（干旱无膜、干旱覆膜及灌溉无膜）和5种密度（4.5万、9万、13.5万、22.5万、45万株/hm²）对'张杂谷19号'稳产和丰产性的影响。结果表明,正常灌溉条件下,'张杂谷9号'的产量随着种植密度的增加而增加。当密度为45万株/hm²时产量最高,达到8724.36 kg/hm²。而干旱条件下,适宜种植密度可以同样获得较高产量,与正常灌溉条件下最高产量差异不显著。当种植密度为9万~ 45万株/hm²时,产量普遍提高到7700 kg/hm²以上,最高可达8654.33 kg/hm²。河套地区'张杂谷19号'播前灌溉1次足水、地膜覆盖及种植密度9万~45万株/hm²,可以实现水分高效利用和产量达到较高水平。