明清竹家具结构形式的外延与内涵——基于罗兰·巴尔特符号学理论的考察

明清竹家具是中国传统竹家具发展的高峰期,在当前“以竹代塑”背景下,其优秀的造型艺术,尤其是有别于硬木榫卯结构的结构形式为竹家具的创新设计提供了一定的文化源泉。文章依据组成家具的结构部件是否必要的原则,梳理归纳出明清竹家具结构形式可以分为主体结构形式和辅助结构形式2类。同时,从罗兰·巴尔特符号学“外延/内涵”二元理论出发,论述了明清竹家具主体结构形式符号以外延意义为主、辅助结构形式符号以内涵意义为主,进而总结出主体结构形式符号的外延意义是实用功能性的、辅助结构形式符号的内涵意义是审美装饰性的。对于明清竹家具结构形式符号学视角的考察,一方面丰富了明清竹家具研究的理论系统,另一方面可以为当前竹家具的创新设计提供造型意义传达的实践指导。     

QTL mapping of seedling biomass and root traits under different nitrogen conditions in bread wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)

Plant nitrogen assimilation and use efficiency in the seedling's root system are beneficial for adult plants in field condition for yield enhancement. Identification of the genetic basis between root traits and N uptake plays a crucial role in wheat breeding. In the present study, 198 doubled haploid lines from the cross of Yangmai 16/Zhongmai 895 were used to identify quantitative trait loci(QTLs) underpinning four seedling biomass traits and five root system architecture(RSA) related traits. The plants were grown under hydroponic conditions with control, low and high N treatments(Ca(NO_3)_2·4H_2 O at 0, 0.05 and 2.0 mmol L~(-1), respectively). Significant variations among the treatments and genotypes, and positive correlations between seedling biomass and RSA traits(r=0.20 to 0.98) were observed. Inclusive composite interval mapping based on a high-density map from the Wheat 660 K single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNP) array identified 51 QTLs from the three N treatments. Twelve new QTLs detected on chromosomes 1 AL(1) in the control, 1 DS(2) in high N treatment, 4 BL(5) in low and high N treatments, and 7 DS(3) and 7 DL(1) in low N treatments, are first reported in influencing the root and biomass related traits for N uptake. The most stable QTLs(RRS.caas-4 DS) on chromosome 4 DS, which were related to ratio of root to shoot dry weight trait, was in close proximity of the Rht-D1 gene, and it showed high phenotypic effects, explaining 13.1% of the phenotypic variance. Twenty-eight QTLs were clustered in 12 genetic regions. SNP markers tightly linked to two important QTLs clusters C10 and C11 on chromosomes 6 BL and 7 BL were converted to kompetitive allele-specific PCR(KASP) assays that underpin important traits in root development, including root dry weight, root surface area and shoot dry weight. These QTLs, clusters and KASP assays can greatly improve the efficiency of selection for root traits in wheat breeding programmes.     

明清时期福建烟草的传入与发展

现有的资料表明,烟草和吸烟行为起源于中南美洲。烟草何时何地最早传入中国,学术界众说纷纭,莫衷一是。近年来,随着人们对烟草史研究的深入,与烟草相关的文物相继出土,人们对烟草的传入有了新的认识。目前,烟草传入我国可大致分为以下几条路线。一是由菲律宾首先传入台湾、福建     

西安遗址性公园兴庆宫构园技法探究

主要论述兴庆宫公园作为全国最古老的西安遗址公园的历史背景、设计特点、总体布局及其构园所用的园林技法和结合时代、社会进行的一些改造,旨在继承传统园林的基础上,探索遗址性公园在新时代所被赋予的社会性及生态性。     

中药清温消热饮的抗炎镇痛活性研究

为了研究清温消热饮的抗炎、镇痛作用,选择清洁级昆明系小鼠144只作为试验对象,采用小鼠炎性肿胀、疼痛反应模型对其进行药效学综合分析,结果显示,清温消热饮对小鼠的耳廓肿胀和足趾肿胀的4 h抑制率分别为23%和59.34%,与西药对照组地塞米松治疗效果无差异性(P0.05),与空白对照组比较差异极显著(P0.01)。同时,清温消热饮组能延长小鼠疼痛反应时间和有效减少小鼠扭体反应次数,表现出与空白对照组显著差异(P0.01)。结果表明清温消热饮抗炎效果显著,并具有良好的镇痛作用,试验为该中药方剂的进一步研发提供了支持。     

Differential expressions of ameloblastoma related genes determined by microarray

AIM: This study aims to screen the differentially expressed genes related to the pathogenesis of ameloblastoma by cDNA microarray. METHODS: The total RNAs were isolated from ameloblastoma and tooth germ, respectively. The RNAs were purified by oligotex. Both the mRNAs from two kinds of tissues were reversely transcribed to cDNA with the incorporation of fluorescent-labelled dUTP to prepare the hybridization probes. The mixed probes were hybridized to cDNA microarray. Tumor- related genes were screened through the analysis of fluroescent intensity. RESULTS: 722 genes exhibited significant changes in expression levels in the ameloblastoma in comparison with tooth germs tissues. 240 genes were overexpressed more than doubled (92 genes were more than 3-fold), and 482 genes were underexpressed to below 0.5 of the control level. CONCLUSION: Microarray technique facilitates large scale and rapid identification of potential target genes of ameloblastoma.     

超声波辅助提取莲心黄酮类物质的工艺研究

为了探讨以乙醇为溶剂超声波辅助提取莲心中黄酮类物质的工艺条件,研究乙醇体积分数、料液比、超声波功率及提取时间对莲心黄酮类物质提取效果的影响,通过L9(3)4正交试验设计优化其提取工艺参数。结果表明,影响莲心黄酮类物质提取效果的主次因素顺序为:乙醇体积分数>超声波功率>提取时间>料液比,乙醇体积分数对提取率有极显著影响,超声波功率对提取率有显著影响,提取时间和料液比对提取率影响不大;最优提取工艺参数为乙醇体积分数70%,料液比3∶100,超声波功率500 W,提取时间25 min,在此条件下,莲心黄酮类物质提取率为1.893%;与传统水浸提法相比,该方法可以提高提取率,缩短提取时间。     

清代公羊学的奠基人——刘逢禄

刘逢禄撰《春秋公羊经何氏释例》,接续汉代董仲舒和何休之公羊统绪,系统总结公羊义例,重启今古文之争,推动以公羊学为核心的今文经学成为晚清学术主流。他对公羊学的总结与阐发,奠定了清代公羊学的基础;对公羊学变革改制理论的挖掘,确立了清代公羊学的发展方向。     

控制顶点阵列提取方法的研究

以ＳＭＳｆｏｒＸＶｉｅｗ系统控制顶点的选取方法为基础，用一个程序解决了四种基本笔画控制顶点的选取问题。     

Behavioural transition during the estuarine migration of wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) smolt

Abstract –  Ultrasonic telemetry and hydrodynamic modelling were used to study the migratory behaviour of 54 wild Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) smolt captured in freshwater during their downstream migration and tracked in 2 years through a shallow estuary system. A high-density, fixed array of receivers provided detailed spatial and temporal resolution of behaviour in the second year of study. Smolt migration in the river occurred mostly at night and downstream migration was slower during the day. In the estuary, smolt moved seaward on ebbing tides and landward on flooding tides. The effect of current velocity was greater during the night than during the day. We documented for the first time that current velocity and diurnal period only accounted for approximately one-third of the variation in smolt ground speeds in the estuary, indicating that smolt movements were far less passive than previously reported. Smolt energetic status had no effect on smolt swimming behaviour or migratory performance. With an increase in salinity, smolt seaward movements during flooding tides were more frequent, and overall seaward ground velocity increased. The increase in salinity experienced by the smolt during their migration through the leading edge of saltwater intrusion thus induced a behavioural transition from a more passive, fluvial migration to a more active- and seaward-oriented migration.